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1.
Vanadium determination in rat tissues and biological reference materials by neutron activation analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
J. Kučera M. Šimková J. Lener A. Mravcová L. Kinova I. Penev 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1990,141(1):49-59
Vanadium was determined in adrenal gland, brain, ileum, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, myocard, skin, spleen, gonads, thyroid, and tibia of rats fed with normal diet and exposed to high vanadium doses in drinking water. Both radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) were employed. The RNAA procedure consisted in dry ashing samples prior to irradiation and vanadium separation from the irradiated samples by extraction with N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA) in toluene from 5 mol·l–1 HCl. Vanadium accumulation as a function of a type of the tissue, exposure time, sex of rats, and administration of V(IV) or V(V) was studied. For quality assurance purposes, the biological (standard) reference materials NBS SRM 1571 Orchard Leaves, NBS SRM 1577a Bovine Liver, IAEA H-4 Animal muscle, and Bowen's Kale were analyzed.Presented at the 2nd Balkan Conference on Activation Analysis and Nuclear-Related Analytical Techniques, Bled, 4–6 October, 1989. 相似文献
2.
R. M. Lindstrom A. R. Byrne D. A. Becker B. Smodi? K. M. Garrity 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1990,338(4):569-571
Summary The NIST natural-product leaf Standard Reference Materials have been widely used in developing reliable methods of analysis. A small amount of mineral matter present in these materials was separated by flotation, and characterized qualitatively by microscopy and quantiatively by neutron activation analysis. Several elements are concentrated in the mineral fraction, which can lead to analytical error through incomplete dissolution or sampling statistics. Two new candidate materials prepared by the Office of Standard Reference Materials, SRM 1515 Apple Leaves and SRM 1547 Peach Leaves, have been processed with an air-jet mill, resulting in a very finely ground leaf material, with particle size less than 200 mesh. A cyclone classifier in the process discriminates against coarse grit, so that the content of minerals in the ground material is less than in the first-generation materials. Better homogeneity was in fact observed, even down to 100 mg sample size. One must use caution, however, to assure that any inhomogeneity found in real samples are appropriately considered and dealt with. 相似文献
3.
D. A. Becker 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2006,269(2):365-369
Summary During the author's 39 years with the National Bureau of Standards (NBS)/National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST)
as an employee, and since then as Guest Researcher, he has been intimately involved with biological Standard Reference Material
(SRM) production and analyses. His involvement with biological reference materials started with the very first biological
certified reference material (CRM), the SRM 1571, Orchard Leaves, initiated in 1968 and issued in 1971, through the latest
material (SRM 1575a, Pine Needles - renewal), issued in 2003. In addition, for more than 20 years he was Technical Coordinator
for botanical SRMs for the NBS/NIST Analytical Chemistry Division. This paper contains his historical reflections and highlights
from those years, and includes the techniques used to obtain and process these materials, new developments and procedures
that resulted in vastly improved reference materials, the application of high accuracy neutron activation analysis to the
certification of these standards, and the trace element quality assurance vital to the accuracy of these standards. 相似文献
4.
The NIST program for environmental Standard Reference Materials (SRM) includes materials covering a range of matrices, mass
fraction values and analytes. For many SRMs, mass fraction data are accumulated, incidentally, over time, as these are used
routinely for quality assurance purposes. Although these are not formal stability studies, data generated may be useful in
assessing stability. To evaluate the potential for assessing material stability from incidental use of SRMs, results of neutron
activation analysis performed from 1992 through 2008 were compiled for SRM 1547 Peach Leaves and SRM 1566a Oyster Tissue.
Results indicate that incidental use of SRMs yields useful information on SRM stability. 相似文献
5.
Yang Yan-Zhao Sun Si-Xiu Yang Yong-Hui Li Hong-Bin 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2000,246(2):263-266
The biological standard reference materials Orchard Leaves SRM 1571 and Oyster Tissue SRM 1566a was analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) at the International Centre for Environmental and Nuclear Sciences, Jamaica at (ICEN) and at the Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Brazil. The comparison of the results with those obtained with the more powerful reactor are used to evaluate the possibilities of INAA for the analysis of biological samples at ICENS. The detection limits, the precision and accuracy of the results obtained in both laboratories are compared. The advantages and disadvantages of the different irradiation facilities are discussed. Some results obtained for Jamaican biological samples are also presented. 相似文献
6.
I. O. Abugassa Y. S. Khrbish S. O. Abugassa N. Ben Faid A. T. Bashir S. Sarmani 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,271(1):27-30
The paper focuses on the validation of the k
0-method of instrumental neutron activation analysis (k
0-INAA) in the Tajura Nuclear Research Center (TNRC) via the analysis of several certified reference materials. The selected
reference materials were: SRM 1572 Citrus Leaves, SRM 1575 Pine Needles, IAEA-A11 Milk Powder, IAEA-V-10 Hay Powder, RM IAEA-Soil-7
and RM IAEA-SL-1 Lake Sediment. The method is based on the PC version Kayzero/Solcoi software package issued by DSM. All the
samples, reference materials and monitors were irradiated in various positions of the Tajura reactor with different f and α. The parameters f and α (f — thermal/epithermal neutron flux ratio, α — parameter accounting for the non-ideality of the 1/E epithermal neutron fluence rate distribution) were determined using the bare triple monitor method. The results obtained
for all the reference materials are in good agreement with the certified values. 相似文献
7.
Rick L. Paul 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2013,297(3):365-370
Arsenic was measured in food and dietary supplement standard reference materials by neutron activation analysis for the purpose of assigning certified or reference As mass fractions and to assess material homogeneity. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to value assign As in candidate SRM 3532 Calcium Dietary Supplement and candidate SRM 3262 Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort) Aerial Parts down to about 100 μg/kg. Values were also determined for two additional candidate St. John’s Wort SRMs with As mass fractions <100 μg/kg. The presence of significant amounts of 24Na and 82Br limited the reproducibility of the method below 100 μg/kg. For measurement of lower As mass fractions, a radiochemical neutron activation analysis method with extraction of As3+ into diethyl-dithiocarbamate in chloroform and detection limits down to 0.1 μg/kg. As was used to value-assign As mass fractions for SRM 3280 Multivitamin/Multielement Tablets and for candidate SRM 3233 Fortified Breakfast Cereal, and at <10 μg/kg in candidate SRM 1845a Whole Egg Powder. 相似文献
8.
Kameník Jan Dragounová Kateřina Kučera Jan Bryknar Zdeněk Trepakov Vladimir A. Strunga Vladimír 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2017,311(2):1333-1338
Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used for determination of vanadium mass fraction in crystals of incipient ferroelectric strontium titanate and ferroelectric barium titanate. In order to improve vanadium limit of detection, discriminating gamma-ray spectrometry was used by inserting an absorption filter between the samples and an HPGe detector. The use of the absorption lead filter 6-mm thick yielded improvement of the vanadium limit of detection by a factor of two. The vanadium mass fraction determined in a quality control sample, which was NIST standard reference material SRM 1648 Urban Particulate Matter, was in close agreement with the certified value.
相似文献9.
E. Andrási A. Dózsa L. Bezur L. Ernyei Zs. Molnár 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1993,345(2-4):340-342
Summary In order to investigate the precision and accuracy obtainable with instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), five different biological reference materials were analyzed. Four of them originated from the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (Bovine Liver (SRM 1577; 1577/a; 185/A), Orchard Leaves (SRM 1571)) and one of them came from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (Animal muscle (H-4)). The decomposition efficiency of microwave acid digestion was examined in comparison to digestions carried out in a Parrbomb. Five to ten subsamples of each material were subjected to the two digestion procedures and the solutions were analyzed by ICP-AES. The dried samples were analyzed by INAA. Up to 16 elements (Al, B, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Zn) were determined in various materials. 相似文献
10.
I. O. Abugassa A. T. Bashir K. Doubali R. H. Etwir M. Abu-Enawel S. O. Abugassa 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,278(3):559-563
Medicinal herbs are often used as alternative medicines for healing and controlling some diseases in the world. This study
focuses on the content of heavy and trace elements of some widely consumed herbs in Libya. Nine most popular herbs were analyzed
by k
0-instrumental neutron activation analysis. All the samples, SRM and flux monitors were irradiated for 7 and 10 hours under
thermal neutron flux of 1.3·1013 cm−2·s−1 at Tajoura nuclear reactor. In total, 33 elements were analyzed in different herbs. The variations in the concentration of
the elements are attributed to soil composition and the climate in which the plant grows. The study showed that the toxic
elements found in the samples were below the levels prescribed by health regulations. The precision and the accuracy of the
results were evaluated by analyzing the reference materials Pine Needles SRM 1575 and Citrus Leaves SRM1572. 相似文献
11.
L. T. McClendon 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1978,42(1):85-91
Chromium is recognized to be an essential trace element in several biological systems. It exists in many biological materials
in a variety of chemical forms and very low concentration levels which cause problems for many analytical techniques. Both
instrumental and destructive neutron activation analysis were used to determine the chromium concentration in Orchard Leaves,
SRM 1571, Brewers Yeast, SRM 1569, and Bovine Liver, SRM 1577. Some of the problems inherent with determining chromium in
certain biological matrices and the data obtained here at the National Bureau of Standards using this technique are dicussed. 相似文献
12.
Instrumental neutron activation analysis was applied to four reference materials: NBS 1573 (Tomato Leaves), NBS 1645 (Citrus Leaves), NBS 1645 (River Sediment), and IAEA MA-A-2 (TM) (Fish Flesh). The k(0)-standardization method was used. The results are compared with (i) reference values (mostly non-certified) and (ii) published values obtained by other methods. Good agreement is found for most of the elements. For some elements, large discrepancies are observed. 相似文献
13.
Standard reference materials, normally used to check accuracy and precision of analytical methods or for interlaboratory comparisons,
are proposed for use as multielement irradiation standards in neutron activation analysis (NAA). The advantages are simplicity
of operation, and elimination of errors inherent in the preparation of a large number of synthetic standards at the trace
element level. Examples of the approach are illustrated in the analysis of geological materials, soils, sediments, meteorites,
lunar samples, coal and fly ash using the USGS diabase W-1 as the irradiation standard. Plant materials and animal tissue
are analyzed using NBS Orchard Leaves as the irradiation standard. Best values for four popular SRM's (W-1, Bowen's Kale,
Orchard Leaves, and Bovine Liver) are tabulated to facilitate further use of the proposed approach to multielement neutron
activation analysis. 相似文献
14.
A redox substoichiometry is proposed for an accurate and precise determination of arsenic. This method is based on the substoichiometric
oxidation of trivalent arsenic to pentavalent with potassium bromate or ceric sulfate followed by the separation of these
species by thionalide extraction of trivalent arsenic. It was applied to neutron activation analysis of arsenic in the NBS
SRM Orchard Leaves and the Shark Powder. The results were obtained with an excellent accuracy and precision. 相似文献
15.
E. Chmielewská-Horváthová J. Lesný 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1992,166(1):41-53
Neutron activation analysis is one of many analytical techniques used at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for the certification of NIST Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). NAA competes favorably with all other techniques because of it's unique capabilities for high accuracy even at very low concentrations for many elements. In this paper, instrumental and radiochemical NAA results are described for 25 elements in two new NIST SRMs, SRM 1515 (Apple Leaves) and SRM 1547 (Peach Leaves), and are compared to the certified values for 19 elements in these two new botanical reference materials. 相似文献
16.
L. Zhao L. Robinson R. L. Paul R. R. Greenberg S. L. Miao 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2005,263(3):805-810
Summary A method for the determination of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in cattail using cold neutron prompt-gamma activation analysis (CNPGAA) has been developed and evaluated through the analysis of standard reference materials (SRM). After extensive preparation, approximately 400 mg cattail samples from the lower Apalachicola River floodplain were irradiated in the CNPGAA facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The results of numerous field samples and two standard reference materials using the nuclear method show favorable comparison to results obtained by a CHNS/O analyzer. 相似文献
17.
D. J. Sims W. S. Andrews K. A. M. Creber 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,277(1):143-147
Spices were analyzed by ICP-MS for determination of the ultra-micro trace elements in the human adult, Bi, Cd, Co, Ni, Pd,
Pt, Se, Sn, Te, Tl, to complement previous results obtained by INAA and by EDXRF. The spices, originating from Sri Lanka,
were curry, chilli powder and turmeric powders, coriander, cinnamon, black pepper, fennel, rampeh and curry leaves, and cumin.
The analytical procedure was validated by analyzing the certified reference materials NIST SRM 1572 Citrus Leaves and NIST
SRM 1573 Tomato Leaves. The results indicate that spices may contribute well to the daily optimal uptake of nutrients of a
human adult. The adequacy of spices as a reference material with certified ultra micro trace elements is suggested. 相似文献
18.
Use of INAA,PGAA, and RNAA to determine 30 elements for certification of an SRM: Tomato Leaves, 157a
D. A. Becker D. L. Anderson R. M. Lindstrom R. R. Greenberg K. M. Garrity E. A. Mackey 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1994,179(1):149-154
Analyses for certification have been made for the determination of 30 elements in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Tomato Leaves renewal reference material, SRM 1573a. Three of the analytical techniques used were instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA), and prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA). These techniques provided data on 19 elements by INAA, 10 elements by PGAA, and 7 elements by RNAA, with some overlap between techniques. For example, INAA was able to obtain overall analytical uncerainties (at the 95% confidence level) averaging ±2.2% for major and minor constituents (Ca, Mg, K), ±3.3% for constituents from 1 to 1000 g/g (Na, Fe, Al, Mn, Ba, Zn, Rb, La, Cr), and ±6.4% for elements between 10 and 1000 ng/g (Co, V, Se, Th, Sc, Sb), using sample dry weights of approximately 150 mg. These analyses represent the most extensive use to date of nuclear analytical techniques in the certification of a trace element SRM at NIST. 相似文献
19.
Kelly P. Grogan Donna J. O’Kelly 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2014,299(1):543-549
Delayed neutron activation analysis (DNAA) is a rapid and sensitive analytical method for the determination of fissile elements in a variety of samples. The present work describes two different analytical applications of delayed neutron activation for the analysis of biological and environmental samples, respectively. In the first application, DNAA was utilized to determine the natural uranium content in NIST standard reference materials (SRM) 1547 peach leaves and 1573a tomato leaves. Measured uranium mass fractions are comparable to the non-certified values listed on the certificates for these materials. In the second application, delayed neutron activation is coupled with instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for the measurement of rare earth elements (REE) (cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, and ytterbium) in NIST SRM 2586, Trace Elements in Soil Containing Lead from Paint. DNAA was utilized to determine the uranium mass fraction in SRM 2586 for the subsequent application of a correction factor to account for cerium, lanthanum, and neodymium produced as part of the INAA irradiation. Measured and corrected mass fractions for the REEs described here are all within the uncertainty limits provided on the NIST certificate for SRM 2586. These results and the demonstrated sensitivity of the DNAA system establish and validate the use of this method for the determination of REEs and for potential nuclear forensics applications. 相似文献
20.
Use of neutron activation analysis for the characterization of single-wall carbon nanotube materials
Rolf Zeisler Rabia Oflaz Rick L. Paul Jeffrey A. Fagan 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2012,291(2):561-567
Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGAA) were used to characterize
a variety of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) materials from different principal production processes, as well as a material
containing SWCNTs together with other carbon species, catalyst residues, and trace element contaminants to be issued by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology for characterization and distribution as Standard Reference Material SRM 2483
Carbon Nanotube Soot. INAA proved to be well suited for the direct determination of catalyst and contaminant trace elements
requiring only minimal sample preparation. PGAA complemented the INAA data in particular with determinations of the light
elements. Carbon and hydrogen results provided information on the materials purity and storage properties. Strategies for
the quality assurance of the measurements in these new materials were developed. INAA and PGAA data were provided for the
value assignment of mass fractions of catalyst and trace elements in the candidate SRM and a systematic overview was obtained
of the catalyst and trace element contaminants associated with each of the major production routes. 相似文献