半消声室声场的研究

本文运用作者以前提出的消声室声场的计算公式,算出了点声源在半消声室内声场的解。其结果与声源离地面的高度有明显关系。从而定量地指出了鉴定半消声室时所知的声场与测试机器时的实际声场的区别,特别是纯青的声场,这种区别与人们以前的预想相差甚大。     

杭州电声厂消声室的声学设计

杭州电声厂消声室主要用于鉴测电声设备的声学指标.消声室挂设尖劈后的尺寸为11.46m×7.38m×6.49m,有效容积549m~3,总表面积414m~2. 消声室建成后声学测定的结果表明,达到了预期的设计要求: 1.在强噪声和冲击振动的作用下,消声室内的噪声级小于17.5dBA和PNC-15噪声评价曲线; 2.消声室的截止频率f≥50Hz;     

没有声反射的房间──消声室

 在房间里,人说话、音响设备通过扬声器（喇叭）发出声音或者机器发出噪声,另一个人耳朵听到的声音,不仅有直达声,还有墙面、地面、天花板的一次和多次反射声,同时还有室外传来的干扰声．ＡＢ两人,在办公室内、在空旷安静的大操场上和在山洞里保持相同距离,Ａ发出相同的声音,而Ｂ听到的声音却明显不同．因为在这三种情况下,反射声的强弱明显不同．对声源进行精确测量时,必须没有反射声和室外干扰声．例如：１．电声厂生产的各种规格的扬声器,必须测量其频率响应、指向性等声学特性,看其是否达到设计要求．２．音响的整机声学特性的测量．３．机器（如冰箱、空调器、机床、汽车等）的噪声特性测量．４．语音的声调、频谱研究.     

非自由声场中目标声场还原与重建的等效源方法

为消除在非自由声场中重建声场时干扰声源对重建效果的影响,提出一种采用单个测量面上的声压和质点振速作为输入、等效源法作为分离和重建算法的非自由声场中目标声场还原与重建方法。该方法首先利用单面声压-质点振速测量和基于等效源法的声场分离技术将测量的混合声场分离为来自目标声源的向外传播的声场和来自干扰声源的向内传播的声场,然后利用向内传播的声场和目标声源的边界条件计算出干扰声在目标声源表面产生的散射声场,并将其从向外传播的声场中去除,还原出目标声源在自由声场条件下的辐射声场,最后利用还原的声场实现目标声场重建。通过数值仿真和实验检验了该方法的有效性和必要性。仿真和实验的结果表明,该方法可以在非自由声场的测量条件下,有效地去除干扰声的影响,实现目标声场的准确重建。     

采用球面波叠加法还原自由声场的方法

为解决非自由声场中近场声全息重建时,干扰声在目标声源表面产生的散射影响,提出一种基于球面波叠加法的自由场还原技术。该技术首先采用基于球面波叠加法的声场分离技术获得向内和向外传播的声场,然后以目标声源的表面导纳作为边界条件,实现目标声源辐射声和散射声的分离,从而获得等效于自由声场的测量条件。该技术为准确实现非自由声场中的噪声源识别创造了条件。文中首先详细描述了该技术的基本原理,并提出一种最优球面波展开项数选取方法,最后通过数值仿真说明了该技术的有效性。结果表明:在频率较低时,散射声影响较小,采用声场分离技术和自由场还原技术效果相当;但随着频率升高,散射声影响逐步增强,必须采用自由场还原技术才能准确获得目标声源辐射声。     

声场控制技术及其应用

随着多功能厅堂的发展和数字信号处理技术及其电声硬件设备的迅速进步,引入电声设备以支援和控制厅堂的声场或音质,即所谓声场控制(Active Field Control),是近年来厅堂音质设计中的一个引入注目的发展动向.本文阐述有关声场控制技术的原理、分类和特性,并介绍它们的典型的应用实例.     

椰胡声功率级的半消声室测试

椰胡是具有地方特色的拉弦乐器之一,多用于演奏广东音乐和广东戏曲、曲艺的伴奏。但对其发声强度一直未进行过科学的测试。本文介绍在华南理工大学半消声室内参照ISO(GB)标准对椰胡声功率级的测量工作。由两位资深乐师分别用两把椰胡在pp,mp,f和ff力度下演奏单音、音阶和乐曲,对每一把椰胡的每一测试内容,由十通道测试设备同步测试中心频率为100～10000 Hz的1/3倍频带声压级谱,通过计算获得每把椰胡在演奏每项内容时的声功率级和动态范围。通过对两把椰胡的测试结果进行平均,获得该乐器在演奏上述内容时的典型声功率级数值及频谱。文中并将半消声室内的测试结果与混响室内的测试结果相对比,探讨测试环境对测试结果的影响。民族乐器发声强度及其频谱特性的获得是开展民族音乐厅堂音质研究的基础。     

厅堂内声场强度的计算

厅堂内的声场强度通常只能通过实测或模型试验得到。但从几何声学的观点,厅堂内一点的声强可以射向该点的直接声和各早期反射声的声强之和加以表达。本文介绍了一种计算直接声和各早期反射声之和的方法。通过对一个剧场的实测和计算对比,证明计算是相当可靠的。计算时反射次数最多为三次,声线长度最长为三倍直接声线长。各点的偏差大部分均小于1dB。若计算满场情况或增加反射次数和计算的声线长度,则偏差还可减小。     

CAD工程图样中自由表格信息快速提取技术

工程图样中的表格可分为约束表格和自由表格，信息提取方法概括起来也相应分为两类：一类方法处理约束表格；另一类方法处理自由表格。目前，对于自由表格信息自动提取的研究，较多集中在以某一通用算法去解决多样化表格方面，提取效率在处理某些表格（如明细表、汇总表等）上尚存在不足。文中基于对象几何特征，采用区域包容法快速定位信息对象，实现了DWG文件中数据信息的自动高效提取。     

A fast automatic calibration system for a sound level meter in an anechoic room

A fast automatic calibration system for a sound level meter in an anechoic environment has been developed. The precise and fast generation of the constant frequency-independent acoustic pressure field and reduction of digital voltmeter readout to sound pressure level were achieved by a newly designed software algorithm, assuming the system linearity. The performance test justified the assumed linearity, and showed that the searching speed was sufficiently fast within the small error limit.     

Active modal control for sound field in a room

I.IntroductionInlate198()'s,thestudiesonactivenoisecontrolhavebeengraduallyturnedfromtheductsandopenspacestothemorepracticaIenclosedsoundfields.SomespeciaIworkinaccordancewiththeactiveattenuationofcabinnoisehasstartedwiththeoreticalmechanisms,systemdesignandtransducerdevelopmellt.Intensivereflectionsandtheformedstandingwavedistributioni11al1enclosedsoundfieldarealwaysthemaindifficultiesforactivenoisecontrolinthesecases.Ontheotherhand,normalmoderesponseofthefieldalsoimplementsanewmethod,theap…     

消声室测量法研究弦槌对钢琴声音的影响

为研究弦槌性能,有很多研究者采用了各种机械测量方法,而本论文则希望通过声学测量方法来研究。我们实测了两套不同弦槌对钢琴声音频谱的影响,具体做法是在消声室中使用3种力度弹奏88个琴键并进行录音。频谱分析的结果表明两套弦槌在中力度弹奏时得到的频谱基本一致,但在大力度和小力度弹奏时差别较大,其差别表现为：在低频端,珠江钢琴弦槌激发的高次谐波分量要大于并多于德国Abel公司生产的弦槌;随着频率的升高,该现象逐渐减弱,并出现相反的现象。根据Donal E. Hall的弦槌理论可知,造成这些差异的原因是弦槌硬度和初始能量的影响效果在不同力度下有所不同,如欲考察弦槌宽度和质量的影响适合在大力度下弹奏,而考察弦槌硬度的影响适合在小力度下弹奏。实验结果表明,这种声学测量实验方法主要使用常规的声学仪器,具有简单、易行的优点,可以作为辅助弦槌的设计和改进工作的一种有效方法。     

A theoretical model for the evaluation of measurement uncertainty of a sound level meter calibration by comparison method in an anechoic room

A theoretical model for the evaluation of measurement uncertainty of a sound level meter (hereafter as `SLM') calibration by comparison method in an anechoic room was developed. Through this model, the uncertainties in the semi-automatic calibration and that in the full-automatic calibration were estimated for the recently developed SLM calibration system. In order to estimate the standard uncertainty against the SLM positioning, which is a significant uncertainty component, the sound field curve-fitting formulae were adopted. The validity of the curve-fitting method was proven by the similarity of the spatial distributions of radiation sound field produced by the plane circular piston source and that by the cone shape source. A linear equation was used to fit the measurements of the sound field distribution along the radiation axis. A quadratic equation was used to fit the measurements along the radial axis normal to the radiation axis. The fitting parameters gave us the sensitivity coefficients of the propagation of the uncertainty. In addition, one of the quadratic fitting parameters was found to be a positional uncertainty itself. Using this model, the expanded uncertainties were evaluated for the semi-automatic and full-automatic calibration of SLM.     

水下吸声覆盖层声管测试的背衬研究

在吸声覆盖层水声声管测试的实验研究中，覆盖层背衬的选择对测量结果有重大影响。在我们二维理论研究的基础上，建立了吸声覆盖层声学特性的传递函数模型，分析比较了不同背衬对吸声覆盖层声学性能的影响。结果表明，不同背衬对吸声覆盖层吸声性能的影响具有明显不同的特性。背衬为双层壳体时，水层对吸声覆盖层的吸声系数曲线有明显的调制现象。背衬为单层壳体或双层壳体时，从整体上讲，吸声系数更趋近于刚性背衬而非软背衬的情况。在实验室小样品声管测试中，以较厚的钢柱作为背衬的测试数据来衡量吸声覆盖层性能更为合适，且易于实现。     

Research on sound radiation from body in free field

I.IntroductionWhenastructurcvibratcs,itsvibratingsurfacewillmakesurroundingmediummovetogethcrwithit.Ifthernotionissofastthatthcmediumroundthestructureproduccaloca1contractionandcxpansionandthcypropagatefaraway,thesoundradiationisformed.Itispossiblctodcscribeanalytica11ytheradiationfic1dofsimplyandregularlyshapcdsourcessuchaspointsoundsourccs,spherica1soundsourccsandinflnite1engthllnearsoundsourccs,butitisa1mostimpossib1ctosolvetheradiationfiledbyanyanalyt-ica1methodforsourcesofvcrycomplicateds…     

驻波声场中悬浮临界密度及稳定性研究

本文以声场中物体为研究对象,理论上得到行波和驻波场中的声辐射压力方程.在驻波声场中引入临界悬浮密度概念,可作为物体能否在非线性声场中悬浮的判据,同时给出谐振腔移动速度的最大范围.更进一步,以实验参数作为数值计算的输入来指导实验,并结合实验结果讨论了驻波声场中样品密度和大小、发射面和反射面形状以及两者之间的距离、反射面的尺寸等因素对物体悬浮稳定性的影响,发现当物体尺寸和密度确定时,调控好谐振腔的长度,增加波腹处的声压是提升声悬浮稳定性的有效手段.     

基于等效参数反演的敷设声学覆盖层的水下圆柱壳体声散射研究

应用了一种等效方法计算敷设声学覆盖层无限长圆柱壳体水下声散射特性.等效方法的核心是忽略复杂声学覆盖层内部的声学结构,将其作为具有等效材料参数的均匀阻尼层进行建模,该均匀阻尼层具有和原覆盖层相同的复反射系数.进而,应用COMSOL Multiphysics软件建立敷设均匀阻尼层圆柱壳体的有限元模型并求解其声散射特性.等效方法的关键是等效材料参数的获取.采用充水阻抗管实验和有限元数值实验两种方法获取声学覆盖层贴敷在与壳体具有相同厚度、相同材料背衬条件下的复反射系数,在此基础上,基于遗传算法反演材料的等效参数.研究表明,等效参数具有频变特性,且尽管等效杨氏模量和等效泊松比在频率范围内存在较大波动,但是等效前后复反射系数仍保持一致.为了验证等效方法求解壳体声散射特性的准确性,同时建立了敷设声学覆盖层壳体的完整有限元模型,将覆盖层内部声学结构进行精细建模,并求其声散射特性.结果表明,两种方法求得的形态函数符合得较好,在整个频率范围内平均误差大约为1 d B.     

The diffracted sound field from the transition region of an axisymmetric body in water

Understanding the physical features of the diffracted sound field on the surface of an axisymmetric body is important for predicting the self-noise of a sonar mounted on an underwater platform.The diffracted sound field from the transition region of an axisymmetric body was calculated by the geometrical theory of diffraction.The diffraction ray between the source point and the receiving point on the surface of an axisymmetric body was calculated by using the dynamic programming method.Based on the diffracted sound field,a simulation scheme for the noise correlation of the conformal array was presented.It was shown that the normalized pressure of the diffracted sound field from the transition region reduced with the increases of the frequency and the curvature of the ray.The flow noises of two models were compared and a rather optimum fore-body geometric shape was given.Furthermore,it was shown that the correlation of the flow noise in the low frequencies was stronger than that in the high frequencies.And the flow noise received by the acoustic array on the curved surface had a stronger correlation than that on the head plane at the designed center frequency,which is important for sonar system design.     

Influence of a strong longitudinal static electric field on free carrier faraday effect in an n-type InSb at room temperature at submillimeter wave frequencies

The expression for free carrier Faraday rotation and for ellipticity , as the function of the applied parallel static electric field and static magnetic field for a given value of wave angular frequency and electron concentration N₀, are obtained and theoretically analyzed with the aid of one-dimensional linearized wave theory and Kane's non-parabolic isotropic dispersion law. It is shown that the maximum Faraday rotation occurs near the cyclotron resonance condition, which can be expressed as , where , , and . Here m^* and e denote the effective mass and charge of electron, respectively. _g is the forbidden bandgap of semiconductor. v₀ is the carrier drift velocity, which is a non-linear function of E₀ in high field condition. A possibility of a simple way of determining the non-linear v₀ vs E₀ characteristics of semiconductors by the measurement of Faraday rotation is also discussed.