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以4-氨基-2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯为原料,与米氏酸、原甲酸三甲酯发生缩合得到4-[(2,2-二甲基-4,6-二氧代-1,3-二噁烷-5-亚甲基)氨基]-2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯(4),随后经环合、氯代、氨化反应生成4-氯-7-甲氧基喹啉-6-甲酰胺(7)。7与3-氯-4-氨基苯酚盐酸盐反应制得4-(4-氨基-3-氯苯氧基)-7-甲氧基喹啉-6-甲酰胺(8),最后与氯甲酸苯酯、环丙胺经一锅反应制得乐伐替尼。目标产物结构经核磁、质谱分析得到确证,总收率约34%(以4-氨基-2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯计)。改进后的工艺操作简单,降低了原料成本,且各步反应收率较高。 相似文献
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以6-羟基-7-甲氧基喹唑啉-4-酮(1)为起始原料,在离子液体催化下与N-(3-氯丙基)吗啉(2)醚化,然后经氯代再与3-氯-4-氟苯胺进行亲核取代反应,得到目标产物吉非替尼,三步反应总收率为68.7%。通过改变反应物配比、离子液体用量和反应温度,得到了关键中间体3的优化制备工艺条件:n(1)∶n(2)=1.0∶1.2;离子液体四氟硼酸1-甲基-4-丁基咪唑鎓用量为原料1的质量的5%;95℃下反应5h。在此条件下,醚化收率约93.6%。该路线具有反应条件温和、分离简单、路线短和总收率较高的特点,为吉非替尼的工业化生产提供了实验依据。 相似文献
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吉非替尼的合成工艺改进 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛为原料,先与N-(3-氯丙基)吗啉缩合,后依次经过醛基转化为氰基、硝化、还原、与3-氯-4-氟苯胺环合等反应合成了抗肿瘤药物吉非替尼,总收率约50%。其结构经1H NMR,MS和元素分析表征。 相似文献
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以N'-(2-氰基-4-碘苯基)-N,N-二甲基甲脒为原料,经过Dimroth重排反应、Suzuki偶联、还原氨化3步反应合成了4种新型的拉帕替尼类似物。借助NMR、IR和HRMS对反应中间体和目标化合物进行结构表征,并采用MTT法在SW480、A549和A431人肿瘤细胞上进行了这些化合物抗肿瘤活性的初步体外评价。结果表明,以上4种化合物均具有明显的抑制肿瘤细胞生长作用,特别是化合物5a对所试肿瘤细胞均表现出良好的生长抑制活性(IC50:5.78~13.38μmol/L),与临床使用的抗肿瘤药物拉帕替尼的活性(IC50:4.80~14.90μmol/L)相当。 相似文献
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Helen Trinh PhamRobert N. Hanson Sandra L. OlmstedAnton Kozhushnyan Adam VisentinPaul J. Weglinsky Chris MasseroKristen Bailey 《Tetrahedron letters》2011,52(10):1053-1056
The preparation of the novel isomeric 6- and 7-propargyloxy derivatives of 4-(3-fluoroanilino)-quinazoline was achieved using a six-step process. An alternate method to the 7-propargyloxy derivative and analogous 7-propargyloxy containing compounds is also described. 相似文献
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In this report, we demonstrate the application of Au nanoparticles in the electrochemical detection of protein phosphorylation. The method is based on the labeling of a specific phosphorylation event with Au nanoparticles, followed by electrochemical detection. The phosphorylation reaction is coupled with the biotinylation of the kinase substrate using a biotin-modified adenosine 5′-triphosphate [γ]-biotinyl-3,6,9-trioxaundecanediamine (ATP) as the co-substrate. When the phosphorylated and biotinylated kinase substrate is exposed to streptavidin-coated Au nanoparticles, the high affinity between the streptavidin and biotin resulted in the attachment of Au nanoparticles on the kinase substrate. The electrochemical response obtained from Au nanoparticles enables monitoring the activity of the kinase and its substrate, as well as the inhibition of small molecule inhibitors on protein phosphorylation. We determined the activity of Src non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase, p60c-Src and protein kinase A in combination with their highly specific substrate peptides Raytide™ EL and Kemptide, respectively. The detection limits for Raytide™ EL and Kemptide were determined as 5 and 10 μM, (S/N = 3), and the detection limits for the kinase activity of p60c-Src and protein kinase A (PKA) were determined as 5 and 10 U mL−1, (S/N = 3), respectively. Tyrosine kinase reactions were also performed in the presence of a well-defined inhibitor, 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl) pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2), and its negative control molecule, 4-amino-7-phenylpyrazol[3,4-d] pyrimidine (PP3), which had no inhibition effect. Based on the dependency of Au nanoparticle signal on inhibitor concentration, IC50 value, half-maximal inhibition of the inhibitors was estimated. IC50 values of PP2, genistein and herbimycin A to p60c-Src were detected as 5 nM, 25 μM and 900 nM, respectively. The inhibition of PKA activity on Kemptide using ellagic acid was monitored with an IC50 of 3.5 μM. The performance of the biosensor was optimized including the kinase reaction, incubation with streptavidin-coated Au nanoparticles, and the small molecule inhibitors. Kinase peptide-modified electrochemical biosensors are promising candidates for cost-effective kinase activity and inhibitor screening assays. 相似文献
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The binding energies of imatinib and nilotinib to tyrosine kinase have been determined by quantum mechanical (QM) computations, and compared with literature binding energy studies using molecular mechanics (MM). The potential errors in the computational methods include these critical factors:
- •Errors in X-ray structures such as structural distortions and steric clashes give unrealistically high van der Waals energies, and erroneous binding energies.
- •MM optimization gives a very different configuration to the QM optimization for nilotinib, whereas the imatinib ion gives similar configurations
- •Solvation energies are a major component of the overall binding energy. The QM based solvent model (PCM/SMD) gives different values from those used in the implicit PBSA solvent MM models. A major error in inhibitor—kinase binding lies in the non-polar solvation terms.
- •Solvent transfer free energies and the required empirical solvent accessible surface area factors for nilotinib and imatinib ion to give the transfer free energies have been reverse calculated. These values differ from those used in the MM PBSA studies.
- •An intertwined desolvation—conformational binding selectivity process is a balance of thermodynamic desolvation and intramolecular conformational kinetic control.
- •The configurational entropies (TΔS) are minor error sources.
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Deep machine learning is expanding the conceptual framework and capacity of computational compound design, enabling new applications through generative modeling. We have explored the systematic design of covalent protein kinase inhibitors by learning from kinome-relevant chemical space, followed by focusing on an exemplary kinase of interest. Covalent inhibitors experience a renaissance in drug discovery, especially for targeting protein kinases. However, computational design of this class of inhibitors has thus far only been little investigated. To this end, we have devised a computational approach combining fragment-based design and deep generative modeling augmented by three-dimensional pharmacophore screening. This approach is thought to be particularly relevant for medicinal chemistry applications because it combines knowledge-based elements with deep learning and is chemically intuitive. As an exemplary application, we report for Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a major drug target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and leukemia, the generation of novel candidate inhibitors with a specific chemically reactive group for covalent modification, requiring only little target-specific compound information to guide the design efforts. Newly generated compounds include known inhibitors and characteristic substructures and many novel candidates, thus lending credence to the computational approach, which is readily applicable to other targets. 相似文献
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Monica A. Kamal Yasmine M. Mandour Mostafa K. Abd El-Aziz Ulrike Stein Hend M. El Tayebi 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(17)
Highlights:
- Multi tyrosine kinase inhibitors licensed for HCC treatment.
- Multi kinase inhibitors not licensed for HCC treatment.
- Inhibitors of Growth Factor Receptors.
- Small molecules acting as immunomodulators.
- Small molecules inhibiting crucial HCC pathways.
- Small molecules targeting various molecular targets.
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WANG Zhi-xin HOU Yi HAN Wei WANG Kai-chen GUO Bao-feng LIU Ying CHANG Xi-hua WANG Wei-hua NA Wan-li KONG Xiang-bo ZHAO Xu ZHANG Ling 《高等学校化学研究》2011,27(1):94-98
Renal cell carcinoma is the most common cancer of the kidney, and resistant to traditional therapies. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on human renal cell carcinoma 786-0 cells. Cell proliferation was assessed with an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) staining kit. The apoptosis assay was assessed with an FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit. Caspase-3 and caspase-12 were detected by immunocytochemical staining and semi-qua... 相似文献
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Hoffmann K Blaudszun J Brunken C Höpker WW Tauber R Steinhart H 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2005,381(6):1138-1144
To clarify the mechanism of the anticarcinogenic effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), its intracellular distribution needs to be determined. Subcellular fractionation using centrifugation techniques is a method that is frequently used for isolation of cell organelles from different tissues. But as the size and density of the organelles differ, the method needs to be optimised for every type of tissue. The novelty of this study is the application of a subcellular fractionation method to human healthy and cancerous renal and testicular tissue. Separation of total tissue homogenate into nuclei, cytosol, and a mixture of mitochondria and plasma membranes was achieved by differential centrifugation. As mitochondria and plasma membranes seemed to be too similar in size and weight to be separated by differential centrifugation, discontinuous density-gradient centrifugation was carried out successfully. The purity of the subcellular fractions was checked by measuring the activity of marker enzymes. All fractions were highly enriched in their corresponding marker enzyme. However, the nuclear fractions of kidney and renal cell carcinoma were slightly contaminated with mitochondria and plasma membrane fractions of all tissues with lysosomes. The fraction designated the cytosolic fraction contained not only cytosol, but also microsomes and lysosomes. The CLA contents of the subcellular fractions were in the range 0.13–0.37% of total fatty acids and were lowest in the plasma membrane fractions of all types of tissue studied. C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 c9, C18:2 n-6, and C20:4 n-6 were found to be the major fatty acids in all the subcellular fractions studied. However, marked variations in fatty acid content between subcellular fractions and between types of tissue were detectable. Because of these differences between tissues, no general statement on characteristic fatty acid profiles of single subcellular fractions is possible. 相似文献
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Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key protein from the TEC family and is involved in B-cell lymphoma occurrence and development. Targeting BTK is therefore an effective strategy for B-cell lymphoma treatment. Since previous studies on BTK have been limited to structure-function analyses of static protein structures, the dynamics of conformational change of BTK upon inhibitor binding remain unclear. Here, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms of association and dissociation of a reversible (ARQ531) and irreversible (ibrutinib) small-molecule inhibitor to/from BTK. The results indicated that the BTK kinase domain was found to be locked in an inactive state through local conformational changes in the DFG motif, and P-, A-, and gatekeeper loops. The binding of the inhibitors drove the outward rotation of the C-helix, resulting in the upfolded state of Trp395 and the formation of the salt bridge of Glu445-Arg544, which maintained the inactive conformation state. Met477 and Glu475 in the hinge region were found to be the key residues for inhibitor binding. These findings can be used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the pharmacophore and applied to the design of effective BTK inhibitors. In addition, the drug resistance to the irreversible inhibitor Ibrutinib was mainly from the strong interaction of Cys481, which was evidenced by the mutational experiment, and further confirmed by the measurement of rupture force and rupture times from steered molecular dynamics simulation. Our results provide mechanistic insights into resistance against BTK-targeting drugs and the key interaction sites for the development of high-quality BTK inhibitors. The steered dynamics simulation also offers a means to rapidly assess the binding capacity of newly designed inhibitors. 相似文献
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The synthesis and biological evaluation of two series of salicylanilide derivatives on the EGFR and ErbB-2 tyrosine kinases inhibitory activities were conducted.Of the tested compounds those having an additional aryl group substituted on the anilino ring were active on the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition(7a-c and 13a,13c,13d,13f).The inhibitory activities were all in the low micromolar or submicromolar range.In addition,compound 13a was found to have dual inhibitory activities both on EGFR and ErbB-2 tyrosine kinases(1.654±1.280 and 7.134±1.265μmol/L). 相似文献