相邻高层建筑表面风压的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法对一幢由主楼和配楼组成的复杂高层建筑的表面风压进行了模拟计算,考虑了相邻一幢高层建筑对风压分布的影响。计算得到的风压值还与风洞试验值作了比较。结果表明,数值模拟较好地反映了复杂高层建筑的周围流线和表面风压的分布情况;同时,由于相邻建筑物的存在,使得原有建筑的时均流线分布尤其是涡流的数目和尺度以及建筑表面的时均风压分布均发生了较明显的改变。     

高层建筑结构施工力学分析

通常高层结构设计是以建造好结构在使用荷载下的计算模型为依据。然而这是同结构在实际施工过程产生的力学状态有差异的。为此本文将采用超级有限元－有限元耦合法对高层结构进行施工模拟分析,按照施工顺序及施工时的实际情况进行力学分析,从而对保证结构建造全过程的可靠性和安全性,指导选用合理的施工方案,具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。     

地震作用下高层建筑结构的重叠分散控制研究

针对地震作用下高层建筑结构大系统控制问题,引入分散控制的策略,导出重叠分散最优控制(Overlapping Decentralized Optimal Control)算法。该方法将包含原理与线性二次型(Linear Quadratic Regulator)最优控制原理相结合,通过扩展分解控制系统及协调收缩获得重叠分散控制器。对某20层钢结构Benchmark结构模型进行数值计算与分析,结果表明,导出的重叠分散最优控制方法可以有效地抑制结构地震反应,控制效果不仅接近传统的集中控制方法,而且提高了高层结构大系统控制的鲁棒性和可靠性。本文方法可应用于大尺度高层结构振动控制中,实现高层建筑结构地震反应的可靠控制。     

地震作用下高层建筑结构的分散神经网络振动控制研究

针对地震作用下高层建筑振动神经网络控制问题,将神经网络理论与分散控制理论相结合,提出分散神经网络振动控制方案,并应用于高层结构地震反应振动控制中。利用多层前馈神经网络建立结构模型,预测结构的振动响应。基于NARMA-L2的神经自校正控制系统设计BP神经网络控制器,研究分散神经网络振动控制效果,并与神经网络集中控制进行比较。对某20层Benchmark结构模型进行数值模拟分析,结果表明,本文提出的分散神经网络振动控制方法简化了神经网络的结构,可有效控制结构振动和消除时滞;同时,相对于集中控制的单一失效,本文方法的可靠性更强且可以保证振动控制系统的实时响应。     

Closed-form super element method for tall buildings of irregular geometry

Acquiring insight in the structural behaviour of tall buildings of irregular geometry is challenging. The contribution of the shaft torsional rigidity and the in-plane floor stiffness are difficult to model. At discrete changes in geometry, disturbances occur in the force flow, whose magnitude and influence field are difficult to estimate and whose influence may not be disregarded. FEM programs provide a quick result for a particular building, but cannot answer the general question how the building response is governed by decisive structural parameters. In this paper, this want is supplied by developing a closed-form super element method for two frequently occurring building types. The building is divided in a very small number of super elements. Only at the heights where changes in properties of the building occur, a node between super elements is introduced. For each super element the stiffness matrix and load vector is derived on basis of a set of simultaneous differential, resulting in closed-form solutions. The foundation stiffness is accounted for. The primary aim of the presented super element method is to increase understanding of the structural behaviour of irregular tall buildings.     

地震作用下高层建筑结构的分散模糊迭代学习控制研究

针对地震作用下高层建筑结构的模糊半主动振动控制方法进行研究,引入分散控制的策略,将模糊逻辑理论与迭代学习控制算法原理相结合,提出分散模糊迭代学习控制DFILC（Decentralized Fuzzy Iterative Learnin gContr01）算法,并应用于高层结构地震反应振动控制中。对某20层钢结构Benchmark结构模型进行数值计算与分析,结果表明,采用分散控制策略的DFILC算法可以有效地抑制结构地震反应,相对于集中控制的单一失效分散控制系统的可靠性更强且数据实时处理效率大为提高;同时,模糊逻辑理论的运用解决了模型的不确定性和外扰的非线性。     

建筑风压数值模拟的几种并行化策略

针对四个处理机的Ｔｒａｎｓｐｕｔｅｒ并行计算机系统，建立了建筑风压数值模拟问题基于ＳＩＭ－ＰＬＥＣ算法的几种并行化策略：分区并行策略、方程并行策略和双重并行策略。对各种策略的计算流程、数据通讯及并行效率等进行了分析和比较，并通过实例计算作了验证。     

Modeling vortex-shedding effects for the stochastic response of tall buildings in non-synoptic winds

This study derives a model for the vortex-induced vibration and the stochastic response of a tall building in strong non-synoptic wind regimes. The vortex-induced stochastic dynamics is obtained by combining turbulent-induced buffeting force, aeroelastic force and vortex-induced force. The governing equations of motion in non-synoptic winds account for the coupled motion with nonlinear aerodynamic damping and non-stationary wind loading. An engineering model, replicating the features of thunderstorm downbursts, is employed to simulate strong non-synoptic winds and non-stationary wind loading. This study also aims to examine the effectiveness of the wavelet-Galerkin (WG) approximation method to numerically solve the vortex-induced stochastic dynamics of a tall building with complex wind loading and coupled equations of motions. In the WG approximation method, the compactly supported Daubechies wavelets are used as orthonormal basis functions for the Galerkin projection, which transforms the time-dependent coupled, nonlinear, non-stationary stochastic dynamic equations into random algebraic equations in the wavelet space. An equivalent single-degree-of-freedom building model and a multi-degree-of-freedom model of the benchmark Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Research Council (CAARC) tall building are employed for the formulation and numerical analyses. Preliminary parametric investigations on the vortex-shedding effects and the stochastic dynamics of the two building models in non-synoptic downburst winds are discussed. The proposed WG approximation method proves to be very powerful and promising to approximately solve various cases of stochastic dynamics and the associated equations of motion accounting for vortex shedding effects, complex wind loads, coupling, nonlinearity and non-stationarity.     

地震作用下高层建筑重叠分散控制子结构划分机理研究

针对地震作用下高层建筑振动分散控制问题,引入信息共享的重叠分散策略,研究高层建筑振动重叠分散控制子结构划分机理。基于线型二次型(LQR)最优控制的最优权矩阵和H∞鲁棒控制的最优输出评价矩阵,分析评价高层建筑重叠分散控制子结构不同划分策略时的控制效果。对某20层Benchmark结构模型进行数值模拟与分析,结果表明,本文提出的两种重叠分散控制方法的性能评价方法,可指导任意层数高层建筑振动重叠分散控制子结构的合理划分,既保证控制系统良好的控制效果,又保证控制力在合理的范围内。     

高层建筑TMD风振控制优化设计

本文探讨了高层建筑TMD风振控制优化设计方法,研究了高层建筑TMD风振控制最优参数取值问题,给出了高层建筑TMD风振控制设计步骤,最后给出了算例说明及其应用。     

超高层建筑空间巨型框架的水平力和重力二阶效应分析新方法

对超高层建筑空间巨型框架提出一个考虑水平力与重力相互影响的二阶效应的分析方法。将空间巨型框架简化为三维剪切型弹性地基上的压杆巨型柱和Winkler弹性地基上的巨型梁的组合,分别推导出它们的单元刚度矩阵,按空间刚架进行水平力与重力共同作用的二阶分析。为超高层建筑空间巨型框架提供一个合理、简化的二阶效应分析新方法。     

Vibration of a tapered cantilever of constant thickness and linearly tapered width

The vibration of a cantilever beam with constant thickness and linearly tapered sides is solved using a novel accurate, efficient initial value numerical method. The effects of tip mass, base fixity, and taper on the natural frequencies are determined. This geometrically anisotropic beam vibrates in a mixture of modes in two perpendicular directions.     

Experimental study on the wake behind tapered circular cylinders

The flow around tapered cylinders can act as basic models for numerous bluff body flows with a spanwise variation of either the body shape or the inflow conditions. The well-known vortex street is influenced by strong three-dimensional effects from the spanwise variation of the shedding frequency, namely oblique vortex shedding and vortex dislocations. Stereo-PIV was chosen to study these phenomena, since it allows analyzing planes with the full three-component, instantaneous velocity fields and local, time-dependent variations in the same setting. Hence, detailed aspects of the vortex dislocation phenomenon are presented. Single vortex dislocation events are presented through the local variation of the three measured velocity components u, v and w. Longer time-series reveal both period and location of these dislocation events, as well as quantity and sizes of the cells of constant shedding velocity in between them. The influence of the Reynolds number and the cylinder aspect ratio on the vortex cells could be shown. The analysis of the vortex shedding behavior shows good agreement with previously published results. At the same time, the applied PIV technique provides more spatial information than point-based measurements and offers insight into a Reynolds number range that is currently out of reach of Direct Numerical Simulations.     

Flow and acoustic features of a supersonic tapered nozzle

The acoustic and flow characteristics of a supersonic tapered jet were measured for free and shrouded flow configurations. Measurements were performed for a full range of pressure ratios including over- and underexpanded and design conditions. The supersonic tapered jet is issued from a converging-diverging nozzle with a 31 rectangular slotted throat and a conical diverging section leading to a circular exit. The jet was compared to circular and rectangular supersonic jets operating at identical conditions. The distinct feature of the jet is the absence of screech tones in the entire range of operation. Its near-field pressure fluctuations have a wide band spectrum in the entire range of measurements, for Mach numbers of 1 to 2.5, for over- and underexpanded conditions. The free jet's spreading rate is nearly constant and similar to the rectangular jet, and in a shroud, the pressure drop it is inducing is linearly proportional to the primary jet Mach number. This behavior persisted in high adverse pressure gradients at overexpanded conditions, and with nozzle divergence angles of up to 35°, no inside flow separation was observed.     

Experiments on turbulent natural convection in an enclosed tall cavity

Experiments have been undertaken to investigate the natural convection of air in a tall differentially heated rectangular cavity (2.18 m high by 0.076 m wide by 0.52 m in depth). They were performed with temperature differentials between the vertical plates of 19.6°C and 39.9°C, giving Rayleigh numbers based on the width of 0.86×10⁶ and 1.43×10⁶. Under these conditions the flow in the core of the cavity is fully turbulent and property variations with temperature are comparatively small. A previously used experimental rig has been modified, by fitting partially conducting top and bottom walls and outer guard channels, to provide boundary conditions which avoid the inadequately defined sharp changes in temperature gradient and other problems associated with insufficient insulation on nominally adiabatic walls. Mean and turbulent temperature and velocity variations within the cavity have been measured, together with heat fluxes and turbulent shear stresses. The temperature and flow fields were found to be closely two-dimensional, except close to the front and back walls, and anti-symmetric across the diagonal of the cavity. The partially conducting roof and floor provide locally unstable thermal stratification in the wall jet flows there, which enhances the turbulence as the flow moves towards the temperature controlled plates. The results provide a greatly improved benchmark for the testing of turbulence models in this low turbulence Reynolds number flow.     

风荷载对高烟囱爆破倾倒偏转角的影响

从高烟囱余留支撑体截面的中性轴方程出发,推导顺风荷载与横风共振共同作用下,高烟囱定向爆破倾倒偏转角的修正公式,研究不同风级（4~6级）、不同切口角（190°~220°）、不同风向角（0°~180°）对爆破倾倒偏转角的影响规律,并对最大偏转角的绝对值和产生条件进行讨论,最后以南昌电厂210m高烟囱的爆破参数设计和触地防护过程为例进行验证。计算表明,对于高耸烟囱,考虑横风共振后倾倒偏转角显著增大,是顺风引起偏转角的4~5倍;风级一定的条件下,存在最不利风向角,致使烟囱产生最大偏转角;最大倾倒偏转角随着风力等级的增大而增大,随着切口角的增大而减小。     

天津电视塔塔楼风作用风洞模拟实验

通过风洞实验,给出了天津电视塔塔楼表面的平均风压系数、脉动风压系数分布及风压系数变化范围,同时给出了塔楼空气调节系统进排风口附近的环境风压,包括无进排风状态和有进排风状态,还对排风均压室结构的改变对环境的影响进行了试验.     

Aerodynamic forces on a tall building in a turbulent boundary layer

The model studies were designed to obtain information concerning wind loads on a tall building by placing the model in a turbulent shear flow simulating expected atmospheric boundary-layer winds. Since current design codes are inadequate for predicting all possible motions of tall buildings, it is important that better knowledge of mean and fluctuating loadings and their distributions becomes available. Experiments were conducted to determine the mean and fluctuating forces and twisting moments at several levels over the surface of a model. By determining the effects at several levels simultaneously, it was possible to correlate forces and moments at five levels with one common level. A single model was tested at varying orientations. Tests were also conducted with an identical model placed upstream so that its wake influenced the flow around the instrumented model. Results are presented in terms of distributions of force and moment coefficients and correlations at different levels. The spectral character of the force and moment components is illustrated for one case. Paper was presented at 1977 SESA Spring Meeting held in Dallas, TX on May 15–20.     

低层房屋风压分布特性的模拟与分析

基于Reynolds时均N—S方程和标准κ-ε双方程封闭模型,对一类带挑檐的低层双坡屋面房屋在不同风向角下的表面风压进行了敷值模拟,模拟结果与风洞试验结果作了比较。在此基础上,根据模拟结果对房屋各表面及挑檐处的风压分布特性和规律进行了分析和计算,获得了不同风向角下各表面的风载体型系数,为该类房屋的工程抗风设计提供了依据。