新型污染物的环境质谱技术研究进展

随着科学技术的飞速发展,质谱检测及其联用技术方法正以前所未有的速度、广度和深度全面渗透到环境分析化学中,其在环境监测中的使用已经或正在日常化.近年来,一些高分辨质谱及其与色谱等的联用技术在目标污染物和非目标污染物的同时甄别鉴定和分析中发挥了重要作用,其对于阐明污染物在环境的归趋具有重要意义.本文对质谱技术及其与气相色谱和液相色谱的联用技术在污染物尤其是新型污染物分析中的进展进行了总结,并对高分辨质谱技术的环境应用研究给于关注,对环境质谱技术的发展方向进行了展望.     

Research progress of rapid detection of typical environmental pollutants based on chromatographic technologiesEI北大核心CSCD

对复杂环境介质中的典型污染物进行快速、精准甚至远程连续自动的检测,是控制环境污染、确保环境和生态安全的重要前提。近年来,基于色谱技术的典型环境污染物快速检测方法发展迅猛,主要包括样品快速制备和目标物快速检测两方面。辅助萃取、快速液相萃取、QuEChERS等样品前处理方法具有萃取效率高、溶剂消耗少、操作简便快速等优点。快速检测技术可在几秒到半小时内提供检测结果,主要包括实验室和现场检测。本文综述了2019年以来基于色谱技术的典型环境污染物快速检测研究新进展。介绍了萃取技术和基于试验设计的样品快速制备,实验室快速检测、便携仪器现场检测及遥感技术远程检测,提出了色谱技术快速检测环境污染物的挑战和展望。     

饮用水中有机污染物检测方法研究进展

介绍水中有机污染物的富集方法如顶空法、萃取法、固相微萃取法、液相微萃取法、棒吸附萃取等,对饮用水中有机污染物的检测技术如气相色谱法、气相色谱–质谱联用法、液相色谱法、液相色谱–质联用法等进行了综述并对检测技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

效应引导的污染物分析与识别方法

识别环境样品中主要贡献污染物有助于确定环境风险的来源,是环境治理的前提。单一的化学分析和生物学检测方法常常遗漏主要贡献污染物的信息。效应引导的污染物识别(effected-directed analysis, EDA)是以生物检测引导组分分离、化学分析与污染物鉴定的实用方法,是环境风险评价以及环境样品中主要贡献污染物筛查与识别的有力手段。该方法已成功用于环境中遗传毒物、内分泌干扰物和芳香烃受体效应污染物等污染物的鉴定,为特定污染地区贡献污染物及其来源的确定提供了宝贵的基础数据。本文综述了EDA中所应用的样品提取、分离策略、生物效应检测以及贡献化合物的识别方法,总结了近年来以EDA为手段在环境中识别的效应污染物并对目前EDA应用所存在的问题与未来的发展趋势进行了分析。     

气相色谱-串联质谱技术在环境监测中的应用进展

气相色谱–串联质谱(GC–MS/MS)因其强抗干扰能力和高灵敏度的特性,在环境监测领域得到广泛应用。综述了近年来GC–MS/MS技术在环境监测中关于空气、水、土壤及沉积物中污染物检测工作中的应用,并对该方法的性能进行了评价;根据环境监测的特点和需求,对GC–MS/MS技术在环境检测中的应用进行了展望。     

冷冻干燥技术在环境水样有机新污染物前处理中的应用进展

有机新污染物是一类在先进分析技术帮助下新鉴定的、现有法规未管制的、人为源的有机污染物.有机新污染物主要包括药品与个人护理、农药、全氟化合物、内分泌干扰物等,其会产生内分泌干扰效应、诱发抗性基因传播,还对人类和野生生物的生存与发展构成潜在威胁,因此检测环境样品中的有机新污染物浓度对生态环境和人体健康具有重大意义.由于环境...     

核酸介导信号放大光学生物传感器在食品污染物检测中的应用EI北大核心CSCD

信号放大是新型生物传感分析过程中重要的环节。核酸介导的信号放大技术凭借核酸材料灵活的结构设计、低成本和易于制备等特点,在生物传感快速检测技术的开发上逐渐发展成为一项重要的分支,广泛应用于食品、环境和医药等新型检测方法开发。介绍了传统和新型核酸扩增技术、生物条形码和DNA walker等信号放大机理和应用,同时进一步综述核酸信号放大技术结合光学生物传感在食品污染物中检测的应用,如化学污染物、毒素类污染物、和重金属污染物等,并对核酸介导的信号放大技术在食品污染物检测中的问题和前景进行讨论。     

基于色谱-质谱联用的新型有机污染物分析方法与技术

新型有机污染物是目前国内外关注的热点。在发现和分析新型有机污染物方面色谱-质谱联用技术发挥着至关重要的作用。本文对5类新型有机污染物(全氟化合物、药物、饮用水消毒副产物、农药转化产物和新农药、溴化阻燃剂)的主要色谱-质谱联用技术进行了介绍和评价,并对色谱-质谱联用的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于生物炭的高级氧化技术去除水中化学品类新污染物研究进展

化学品类新污染物种类繁多,对自然生态环境和人类健康存在严重风险,是新污染物治理的主要对象。由于常规水处理工艺对新污染物的去除能力有限,如何发展绿色、经济、高效和安全稳定的净水技术成为新污染物管控的重要课题。生物炭因其丰富的表面结构与性质,具有优异的吸附和催化能力。近年来,众多科研工作者开展了基于生物炭的高级氧化技术(AOPs)去除新污染物的效能和机制研究。本文聚焦主要的化学品类新污染物,分析了生物炭结构与去除新污染物功能间的关系,综述了近年来生物炭在光催化氧化、类芬顿氧化和过硫酸盐催化氧化中的应用,并探讨了水环境条件(如pH值、阴离子和有机物等)对反应体系的影响,最后对未来相关研究中值得关注和深入探索的问题进行了总结与展望。     

纳米材料在食品有害污染物检测中的应用进展

随着人们对食品中重金属、农药残留、兽药残留以及包装材料中迁移物等有害污染物的关注,开发对这些有害污染物的快速、灵敏、经济的检测方法得到重视。纳米材料凭借其独特的物理、化学性质在科学领域得到越来越泛的应用,将纳米材料引入食品检测领域成为分析化学的一个研究热点。该文介绍了纳米材料的基本特性,分析了食品中有害污染物的种类、来源及其危害性,并对纳米材料在食品中有害污染物检测中的应用进行了介绍和论述。     

A critical review of vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction for environmental analysis

Vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction (Vac-HSSPME) is an emerging analytical technique, which further advances HSSPME by providing lower detection limits of analytes with poor volatility at shorter extraction times. This review discusses the theoretical aspects and possibilities of the Vac-HSSPME technique for analysis of environmental samples. Optimization of key parameters, currently available equipment and methods for quantification of organic pollutants in water and soil are considered. Key problems and limitations of the technique are discussed along with possible approaches for its future development. The technique has a well-developed theory, which could be used for modeling of the extraction process, faster method development, and optimization. Wider application of the technique is limited by the lack of automation, which, however, seems possible to develop and implement by manufacturers of commercial multi-purpose autosamplers for gas chromatography instruments. It has been shown that Vac-HSSPME allows decreasing cross-contamination of samples from the laboratory air, which is advantageous for identification and quantification of trace environmental pollutants. Simple equipment for the technique makes it possible to apply for on-site sample preparation and analysis of environmental samples.     

Current Trends in the Application of Nanomaterials for the Removal of Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater Treatment—A Review

In the recent decades, development of new and innovative technology resulted in a very high amount of effluents. Industrial wastewaters originating from various industries contribute as a major source of water pollution. The pollutants in the wastewater include organic and inorganic pollutants, heavy metals, and non-disintegrating materials. This pollutant poses a severe threat to the environment. Therefore, novel and innovative methods and technologies need to adapt for their removal. Recent years saw nanomaterials as a potential candidate for pollutants removal. Nowadays, a range of cost-effective nanomaterials are available with unique properties. In this context, nano-absorbents are excellent materials. Heavy metal contamination is widespread in underground and surface waters. Recently, various studies focused on the removal of heavy metals. The presented review article here focused on removal of contaminants originated from industrial wastewater utilizing nanomaterials.     

An overview on the accumulation, distribution, transformations, toxicity and analytical methods for the monitoring of persistent organic pollutants

Recent years have seen an upsurge of interest in developing low cost and reliable methods for the detection and precise determination of ultra-trace concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), because of their bioaccumulation, transformation and toxicity. Therefore, a comprehensive review with 108 references referring to the distribution, source, accumulation, transformation, types and toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) is presented. The review also aims to highlight on the current best practices for the analysis of PCBs and OCPs. Moreover, with the signing of the Stockholm convention on POPs and the development of global monitoring programs, there is an increased need for laboratories in developing countries to determine such class of chemicals. A major focus revealed the need for low cost methods that can be implemented easily in developing countries such as electrochemical techniques.     

Nanoparticle-based strategies for detection and remediation of environmental pollutants

Sensitive detection and efficient removal of an increasing number of persistent and emerging environmental pollutants are major challenges in our industrialized world. Now these challenges can be better answered by utilizing the advantages of nanotechnology in addition to traditional methods. Due to unique features of nanomaterials, such as size, surface area, adsorptivity, photoelectronic, and photocatalytic properties, they have emerged to be important materials in the analytical detection and remediation of environmental pollutants.     

城市污水处理厂进出水和中水中优先监测物质的监测方法研究

随着环境恶化的加剧和人类经济和科技发展,人类对已有资源的不满足和对新资源的渴求日益迫切。污水处理厂的二级出水的COD、BOD5、SS等值已达到地表水4级,甚至3级标准;外观清澈透明。因此,对污水处理厂的二级出水再进行深度处理,使其中的溶解性有机物、盐分、氮、磷值进一步下降,浊度、色度趋于零,细菌含量进一步削减,生成洁净的中水,即可使之成为农灌、绿化、景观、冲厕等方面的用水,成为城市"第二水资源"。这对于彻底解决缺水城市的水资源危机,实现人类社会的可持续性发展有着十分重要的意义。     

手性环境污染物的毛细管电泳分离技术进展

围绕毛细管电泳(CE)技术近10年来在分离手性环境污染物方面的应用进行了介绍。对CE手性分离技术的特点做了简要概括,归纳了目前用于CE手性分离的手性选择剂。对CE技术在分离除草剂、杀虫剂、杀真菌剂以及多氯联苯(PCBs)等手性环境污染物方面的应用进行了综述,并对CE在手性环境污染物分离中的应用提出新的研究方向。     

Aggregation Induced Emissive Luminogens for Sensing of Toxic Elements

The major findings in the growing field of aggregation induced emissive (AIE) active materials for the detection of environmental toxic pollutants have been summarized and discussed in this Review article. Owing to the underlying photophysical phenomenon, fluorescent AIE active molecules show more impact on sensing applications. The major focus in current research efforts is on the development of AIE active materials such as TPE based organic fluorescent molecules, metal organic framework, and polymers that can be employed for the detection of toxic pollutants such as CN⁻, NO₂⁻, Hg²⁺, Cd²⁺, As³⁺, As⁵⁺, F⁻, Pb²⁺, Sb³⁺ ions.     

2D MOFs-based Materials for the Application of Water Pollutants Removing: Fundamentals and Prospects

Water quality can have serious impacts on human health. One crucial issue of water pollution seriously affects our safety due to the continually emerging of discovered anthropogenic pollutants. The water treatment technologies are persistent improvement to adapt such new contaminants, which accelerates the evolution of materials science to explore solving the problems. Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) as the significant porous and multi-dimensional networks has been concerned for toxic pollutant elimination, especially probed the applications of outstanding layered 2D skeletons MOFs-based materials. The emphases of this review highlight the 2D MOFs-based materials used in water remediation and treatment strategies including adsorption and catalysis methods. Further, the prospects and challenges of 2D MOFs-based materials for water treatments applications would be surveyed meticulously for the future research and development.     

Organic pollutants adsorbed on microplastics: Analytical methodologies and occurrence in oceans

The massive use of plastics in several products has generated microplastic debris worldwide. Besides their negative effect on marine organisms by ingestion, microplastics are a contamination vector due to their capacity to transport organic pollutants around our planet. To evaluate the magnitude of this issue, it is necessary to know what kinds of contaminants are adsorbed on microplastics, as well as their concentrations. In order to assess the adsorption and desorption of pollutants from microplastics, effective and reliable extraction procedures are required. In this overview, literature reports, in which extraction, separation and determination methods have been applied to analyse the organic pollutants adsorbed on microplastics, are revised and discussed. Furthermore, the worldwide occurrence of organic compounds found on microplastics in oceans is reviewed and the results obtained from different geographical areas and their global distribution trends are compared. Priority organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hexachlorocyclohexanes, polychlorinated benzenes, perfluoroalkyl substances or bisphenol analogues, have been widely found on microplastic samples. Future research that focuses on different kinds of emerging pollutants is required.