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1.
A procedure for the determination of the drug chloramphenicol using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was proposed.
The optimum pairs of antibodies and antigens labeled with fluorescein were chosen, and the analytical characteristics of the
procedure were determined. A rapid procedure for milk sample preparation with the use of a saturated solution of ammonium
sulfate was optimized. The total time of sample preparation and determination of chloramphenicol in milk was no longer than
10 min. The detection limits of chloramphenicol in water and milk were 10 ng/mL and 20 μg/kg, respectively. The procedure
developed for the determination of chloramphenicol was tested in the analysis of model and real milk samples. It was found
that some milk samples contained chloramphenicol in concentrations of 38–41 μg/kg, which are several times higher than the
maximum permissible concentration (MPC) (10 μg/kg). 相似文献
2.
R. Schuhmacher R. Krska J. Weingaertner M. Grasserbauer 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1997,359(6):510-515
Seventeen laboratories from six different countries, using their usual in-house methods, participated in an interlaboratory
comparison test for the determination of the Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat and zearalenone (ZON) in maize. The toxins generally were extracted from maize and
wheat employing mixtures of water, acidified water with an organic solvent or even pure water (for DON). While participants
who used enzyme linked immuno sorbent assays (ELISA) for the determination of DON did not perform any clean-up, various techniques
were applied for the purification of raw extracts (e.g. liquid/liquid extraction, solid phase extraction (SPE), immuno affinity
chromatography (IAC)). For the final separation/quantification step either high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (mostly
for ZON), gas chromatography (GC) (for DON) or ELISA were employed by participants. The aim of this study was to obtain information
about the state of the art of mycotoxin analysis in cereals and to support a knowledge and experience exchange between the
participating laboratories in the field of mycotoxin analysis. For each mycotoxin 5 different sample types were distributed,
standard solutions (10.10 μg/ml ZON in methanol, 10.09 μg/ml DON in ethyl acetate), blank materials, spiked samples (75.1
μg/kg and 378.3 μg/kg ZON in maize, 126.2 μg/kg and 2519 μg/kg DON in wheat) and naturally contaminated maize and wheat. Coefficients
of variation (CV) between laboratory mean results (outliers excluded) ranged from 6.2 to 27.7% for ZON and from 18.9 to 30.0%
for DON. Except for the maize samples spiked at 75.1 μg/kg ZON the overall means (outliers rejected) statistically could not
be distinguished from the respective target values. Average recoveries of the reported results ranged from 87.7 to 96.2% for
ZON and from 94.2 to 108.5% for DON.
Received: 2 December 1996 / Revised: 17 February 1997 / Accepted: 18 February 1997 相似文献
3.
Development of a colloidal gold-based lateral-flow immunoassay for the rapid simultaneous detection of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kolosova AY De Saeger S Sibanda L Verheijen R Van Peteghem C 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2007,389(7-8):2103-2107
A multianalyte lateral-flow technique using colloidal gold-labeled monoclonal antibodies was developed for the rapid simultaneous
detection of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA). The results of this qualitative one-step test were interpreted visually.
A very simple and fast sample preparation was used, and the assay procedure could be accomplished within 10 min. When applied
to spiked wheat samples, the technique gave accurate and reproducible results. Cut-off levels of 1500 and 100 μg kg−1 for DON and ZEA, respectively, were observed. The described multianalyte format can be used as a reliable, rapid and cost-effective
on-site screening technique for the simultaneous determination of mycotoxins in grain samples. 相似文献
4.
Chongxiao Tan Nenad Gajovic-Eichelmann Rainer Polzius Niko Hildebrandt Frank F. Bier 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2010,398(5):2133-2140
The detection of the major active component of cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), becomes increasingly relevant due
to its widespread abuse. For control purposes, some easy-to-use, sensitive and inexpensive test methods are needed. We have
developed a fluorescence immunoassay utilising THC–fluorescein conjugate as tracer. Fluorescence spectroscopy of the conjugate
revealed an unusual property: The relatively weak fluorescence of a dilute tracer solution was increased by a factor of up
to 5 after binding of a THC-specific antibody. Fluorescence lifetime measurements in aqueous solutions suggested two different
tracer conformations both associated with quenching of fluorescein fluorescence by the intramolecular THC moiety. After antibody
binding, the tracer enters a third conformation in which fluorescence quenching of fluorescein is completely suppressed. Utilising
this property, we established a homogeneous competitive immunoassay (homogeneous increasing fluorescence immunoassay) with
low detection limits. The test requires only two reagents, the new tracer molecule and an anti-THC antibody. A single test
takes only 8 min. The dynamic detection range for THC is 0.5 to 20 ng/mL in buffer, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 ng/mL.
The test also works in diluted saliva samples (1:10 dilution with buffer) with an LOD of 2 ng/mL and a dynamic range of 2–50 ng/mL. 相似文献
5.
Application of a new anti-zearalenone monoclonal antibody in different immunoassay formats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Natalia A. Burmistrova Irina Yu. Goryacheva Evgenia Yu. Basova Ann-Sophie Franki Dirk Elewaut Katrien Van Beneden Dieter Deforce Carlos Van Peteghem Sarah De Saeger 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2009,395(5):1301-1307
Monoclonal antibodies against zearalenone (ZEA) were raised in mice according to the hybridoma technology and applied in different
immunochemical techniques. More specifically, three formats based on the competitive direct enzyme immunoassay principle were
developed: an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a flow-through gel-based immunoassay column and a flow-through membrane-based
immunoassay. In ELISA, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.8 ng/mL, and the limit of detection for ZEA standard
solutions was 0.1 ng/mL. The antibodies showed a high ZEA (100%) and α-zearalenol (α-ZOL) (69%) recognition, while cross-reactivities
with α-zearalanol, zearalanone, β-zearalenol and β- zearalanol were 42%, 22%, <1% and <1%, respectively. For standard solutions,
a cut-off level at 10 ng/mL could be established for the gel- and membrane-based enzyme immunoassays. Assay time of both non-instrumental
tests was 25 min for 10 samples. By including a simple sample extraction procedure, the methods were applied to wheat with
IC50s in ELISA of 80 and 120 μg/kg (dilution up to 5% and 15% (v/v) of wheat matrix, respectively). The cut-off level of the gel- and membrane-based immunoassays was established at 100 μg/kg.
Potentials and limitations of the developed methods were compared. The possible application for multi-mycotoxin analysis of
the ELISA method based on a single monoclonal antibody was investigated. Therefore, principal component analysis and partial
least squares regression data modelling were used to separate the immunoassay responses of two cross-reactants (ZEA and α-ZOL).
相似文献
6.
Alexandra Molinelli Karina Grossalber Rudolf Krska 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2009,395(5):1309-1316
A one-step lateral flow test was developed for the quantitative determination of total type B fumonisins in maize with a test
range up to 4,000 μg/kg and a limit of detection of 199 μg/kg. The test presented gives a result within 4 min, including 1 min
strip drying, and does not require any sample cleanup steps after a previous 3-min sample extraction. Quantitative readout
with a compact photometric strip reader will also indicate the best suited measurement range when needed. The test is based
on a competitive immunoassay format where a ready-to-use antibody–colloidal gold particle complex is mixed with 50 μL sample
extract in a microwell and used as a signal reagent. The test strip is inserted into the well and the mixed content migrates
onto the strip, which contains a test zone and a control zone. Mycotoxin–protein conjugate coated on the test zone captures
free signal reagent, and colored particles concentrate, forming a visible line. The intensity of the test line is dependent
on the total fumonisin concentration in the sample. Naturally contaminated quality-control maize material was used for matrix-matched
calibration of photometric readout. The test presented is both quantitative and rapid, with no cross-reactivity to other mycotoxins.
The applicability of the lateral flow test was shown by the screening of 23 naturally contaminated maize samples. Relative
standard deviations ranged from 1.7 to 32.9%. 相似文献
7.
Juan Agüero José-Esteban Peris Eduardo San-Martín 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1999,363(3):289-293
An analytical method for detecting and quantifying cefotaxime in plasma and several tissues is described. The method was
developed and validated using plasma and tissues of rats. The samples were analyzed by reversed phase liquid chromatography
(HPLC) with UV detection (254 nm). Calibration graphs showed a linear correlation (r > 0.999) over the concentration ranges
of 0.5–200 μg/mL and 1.25–25 μg/g for plasma and tissues, respectively. The recovery of cefotaxime from plasma standards prepared
at the concentrations of 25 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL was 98.5 ± 3.5% and 101.8 ± 2.2%, respectively. The recovery of cefotaxime
from tissue standards of liver, fat and muscle, prepared at the concentration of 10 μg/g was: 89.8 ± 1.2% (liver), 103.9 ±
6.5% (fat) and 97.8 ± 2.1% (muscle). The detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) limits for plasma samples were established
at 0.11 μg/mL and 0.49 μg/mL, respectively. The values of these limits for tissues samples were approximately 2.5 times higher:
0.3 μg/g (LOD) and 1.25 μg/g (LOQ). For plasma samples, the deviation of the observed concentration from the nominal concentration
was less than 5% and the coefficient of variation for within-day and between-day assays was less than 6% and 12%, respectively.
The method was used in a pharmacokinetic study of cefotaxime in the rat and the mean values of the pharmacokinetic parameters
are given.
Received: 25 May 1998 / Revised: 27 July 1998 / Accepted: 1 August 1998 相似文献
8.
Chances are examined for the identification and determination of pesticides of different types and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
46 items, in water and food by means of gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection. The detection
limits make from 0.01 to 0.5 mg/L if the injected volume of samples is 1 μL; the analytical range is 0.02–10 mg/L. In the
mode of selective ion registration and preliminary preconcentration by liquid and solid-phase extraction, the detection limits
of analytes make from 2 to 100 ng/L in water and from 0.2 to 10 μg/kg for solid samples. 相似文献
9.
A simple and solvent-minimized procedure for the determination of six commonly found synthetic polycyclic musks in aqueous
samples using ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry (GC-MS) is described. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of analytes from water samples were
systematically investigated. The best extraction conditions involved the rapid injection of a mixture of 1.0 mL of isopropyl
alcohol (as a dispersant) and 10 μL of carbon tetrachloride (as an extractant) into 10 mL of water containing 0.5 g of sodium
chloride in a conical-bottom glass tube. After ultrasonication for 1.0 min and centrifugation at 5,000 rpm (10 min), the sedimented
phase 1.0 μL was directly injected into the GC-MS system. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) were less than 0.6 ng/L. The precision
for these analytes, as indicated by relative standard deviations (RSDs), was less than 11% for both intra- and interday analysis.
Accuracy, expressed as the mean extraction recovery, was between 71 and 104%. Their total concentrations were determined in
the range from 8.3 to 63.9 ng/L in various environmental samples by using a standard addition method. 相似文献
10.
Khalid Hamad Abu-Shandi 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2009,395(2):527-532
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection for the quantification of vancomycin in
human plasma was developed and validated. The method includes an extraction of vancomycin by deproteinization with acetonitrile.
The analyses were carried out at 258 nm as the emission wavelength while exciting at 225 nm on a reversed-phase column (30 cm × 4 mm
i.d. × 10 μm Waters Associates μBondapak C18) using a mobile phase composed of methanol and phosphate buffer at pH 6.3. Vancomycin
was quantitatively recovered from human plasma samples (>96%) with high values of precision. The separation was completed
within 27 min. The calibration curve was linear over the range from 5 to 1,000 ng/mL with the detection and quantification
limits of 2 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, respectively. This method is suitable for the routine assay of plasma samples.
Figure The effect of the deproteinization solvent on the signal of the interference peak at retention time of 15.0 min. The peak
which interferes with the peaks of Erythromycin and Vancomycin has been disappeared by using 2 mL acetonitrile as the deproteinization
solvent. 相似文献
11.
液相色谱-串联质谱法测定小麦中T-2、ZEN及DON 3种镰刀菌毒素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用液相色谱-串联质谱建立了小麦中T-2、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)和脱氧镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的测定方法。样品经80% 乙腈-水提取,氨基柱(500 mg,6 mL)杂质吸附模式净化,以5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液和甲醇为流动相,ZORBAX Extend-C18柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm)进行色谱分离;在电喷雾正离子化模式下,多反应监测方式测定。结果表明:T-2、ZEN和DON分别在0.5~500、5~500、10~2 000 μg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好线性,相关系数分别为0.998 9、0.999 7和0.999 1。通过对空白小麦样品进行3个水平的加标回收实验,T-2、ZEN和DON的回收率分别为86%~94%、80%~101%和81%~105%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.6%~5.5%、3.6%~8.9%和2.2%~8.1%,方法检出限分别为0.5、8.0、10.0 μg/kg。该方法准确、灵敏、成本低,适用于小麦中T-2、ZEN和DON的同时分析。 相似文献
12.
Lippolis V Pascale M Valenzano S Pluchinotta V Baumgartner S Krska R Visconti A 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2011,401(8):2561-2571
A rapid fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay has been developed for the simultaneous determination of T-2 and HT-2 toxins
in naturally contaminated wheat samples. Syntheses of four fluorescein-labelled T-2 or HT-2 toxin tracers were carried out
and their binding response with seven monoclonal antibodies was evaluated. The most sensitive antibody-tracer combination
was obtained by using an HT-2-specific antibody and a fluorescein-HT-2 tracer. The developed competitive FP immunoassay in
solution showed high cross-reactivity for T-2 toxin (CR% = 100%) while a very low CR% for neosolaniol (0.12%) and no cross-reactivity
with other mycotoxins frequently occurring in wheat. A rapid extraction procedure using 90% methanol was applied to wheat
samples prior to FP immunoassay. The average recovery from spiked wheat samples (50 to 200 μg kg−1) was 96% with relative standard deviation generally lower than 8%. A limit of detection of 8 μg kg−1 for the combined toxins was determined. Comparative analyses of 45 naturally contaminated and spiked wheat samples by both
the FP immunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography/immunoaffinity clean-up showed a good correlation (r = 0.964). These results, combined with the rapidity (10 min) and simplicity of the assay, show that this method is suitable
for high throughput screening as well as for quantitative determination of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in wheat. 相似文献
13.
Most cancers developed an elevation of the level of at least two markers associated with their incidence. Simultaneous detection
of multi-tumor markers associated with a particular type of cancer plays an important role in cancer diagnostic. Here, a multianalyte
immunoassay chip for simple and sensitive detection of tumor markers with chemiluminescent and colorimetric methods was proposed,
in which carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9) that associated with colorectal cancer were detected
as model. The immunoassay chip was fabricated by co-immobilization of CEA/CA19-9 antibody on a glass slide with γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane
as linkage. Through sandwiched immunoreactions, CEA, CA19-9, and their corresponding enzyme tracers, alkaline phosphatase-labeled
anti-CEA and horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-CA19-9, were introduced on the chip. Then, they were sequentially detected
by chemiluminescent method in the range of 0.5–80 μg/L and 0.5–80 kU/L with the detection limits of 0.41 μg/L and 0.36 kU/L
at 3σ for CEA and CA19-9, respectively. They could also be detected by colorimetric method in the range of 1–200 μg/L and
5–200 kU/L with the detection limits of 0.25 μg/L and 1.25 kU/L at 3σ for CEA and CA19-9, respectively. All these results
demonstrated that the present work provided a promising analytical method for tumor markers’ analysis with the advantages
of simple analytical procedure, small sample volume and lower cost, which made the proposed method potential for high-throughput
detection. 相似文献
14.
Fluorescence polarization immunoassay for rapid screening of ochratoxin A in red wine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Francesco Zezza Francesco Longobardi Michelangelo Pascale Sergei A. Eremin Angelo Visconti 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2009,395(5):1317-1323
A fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay, based on a monoclonal antibody and an ochratoxin A (OTA)-fluorescein tracer,
has been developed for rapid screening of OTA in red wine. Wine samples were diluted with methanol and passed through aminopropyl
solid-phase extraction columns prior to the FP assay. Average recoveries from samples spiked with OTA at levels of 2.0 and
5.0 ng/mL were 79% with RDS of 11% (n = 6). The limit of detection of the FP immunoassay was 0.7 ng/mL OTA, and the whole analysis was performed in less than 10 min.
The assay was tested on 154 red wine samples (naturally contaminated or spiked at level ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 ng/mL) and
compared with an high-performance liquid chromatography/immunoaffinity column clean-up method, showing a good correlation
(r = 0.9222). Their compliance with the European regulation (2.0 ng/mL OTA maximum permitted level) was correctly assessed for
70% of the analyzed samples of red wine, whereas confirmatory analyses were required for the remaining ones with OTA levels
close to the regulatory limit. No false-negative or positive results were observed using the FP immunoassay. The proposed
FP assay is a useful screening method for OTA in red wines, when high throughput is required, that could also be used for
white and rosé wines, which are known to contain less interfering compounds such as polyphenols. 相似文献
15.
Chen F Chen L Wang Q Zhou J Xue X Zhao J 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2009,393(3):1073-1079
A rapid and reliable method was developed and applied for the simultaneous determination of 17 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs)
in propolis. After extraction with hexane and acetone (1:1, v/v), four sorbents (florisil, silica, graphitized carbon, and
tandem graphitized carbon plus florisil) were assayed for the clean-up step. The elution solvents hexane and ethyl acetate
(1:1, v/v), hexane and dichloromethane (3:7, v/v), and ethyl acetate and hexane (2:8, v/v) were studied. The results showed
that the combination of the tandem graphitized carbon and florisil cartridge with the elution solvent of 6mL of ethyl acetate
and hexane (2:8, v/v), which was capable of eliminating matrix interference and providing colorless eluates, was the most
efficient clean-up procedure for propolis extracts when testing for OCPs. The analytical technique employed was gas chromatography
with electron capture detection (GC–ECD). The correlation coefficients from linear regression for the analyzed concentrations
(5∼100 μg/kg) were >0.9961. The limits of detection (LODs) varied between 0.8 μg/kg for 4,4′-DDE and 11.4 μg/kg for endosulfan
II, and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 2.6 to 38.1 μg/kg. The average recoveries varied between 62.6 and 109.6%.
Relative standard deviations (RSD%) ranged from 0.8 to 9.4%. Sample analysis indicated that 4,4′-DDE was detected more often
in propolis than other pesticides, such as β-HCH, δ-HCH and heptachlor.
Figure GC-ECD chromatogram of a standard solution with 0.1 mg/L of OCPs 相似文献
16.
E.F. Moazami 《Microchemical Journal》2009,93(1):25-28
In this first study performed in noodle samples consumed in Malaysia for the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON), a total of 135 sample of noodles, comprised of instant noodle, yellow alkaline noodle and white salted noodle, were randomly collected from food stores and analyzed for DON using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a PDA (photodiode array) detector at 218 nm. The objective of this study was to investigate the DON contamination levels in different types of wheat-based noodle consumed in Peninsular Malaysia. An acetonitrile:water (17:83 v/v) mixture was used as a mobile phase and clean-up was accomplished with a Mycosep 225 column. There was a high variation in the DON concentrations in all types of noodle group as well as between brands. Only one sample of instant and yellow alkaline noodle each were contaminated with DON, at concentrations of 1.003 and 1.243 ng/g, respectively. The minimum detectable concentration for the DON was 0.627 ng/g in instant noodle. In the case of white salted noodle, none of the samples contained any detectable amount of DON. The results indicate a low occurrence of DON mycotoxins in commercial noodle products in Malaysia. 相似文献
17.
A convenient procedure for the determination of organomercuric compounds in soils from orchards and wheat fields is described based on the aqueous derivatization of the polar organomercuric halides in 0.1 M HAc-NaAc (pH 4) buffer into their hydrides by addition of 1 mL of 6% KBH4 with subsequent headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) of the volatile derivatives. The volatile derivatives are separated by gas chromatography (GC) with a Supelco SPB-1 capillary column and on-line detected by electric heated quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The relative standard deviations for ten replicate measurements are 2.1%, 2.8% and 3.5% for methyl-, ethyl- and phenylmercury with absolute detection limits of 16 ng, 12 ng and 7 ng, respectively. This method is applied to the analysis of organomercuric compounds in soil samples and 0.04–0.64 μg/g of organomercuric species are detected in soils from different sites. The recoveries after standard addition are between 93–106%. 相似文献
18.
以rProtein A-琼脂糖凝胶为载体,同时偶联抗黄曲霉素B1( AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮( ZEN)和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇( DON)单抗,制备了AFB1-ZEN-DON三合一免疫亲和柱,并对非特异性吸附、柱空白、柱容量、柱效及样品加标回收率等指标进行评价。结果表明,0.25 mL胶对应的柱容量分别为:AFB1295 ng,ZEN 905 ng,DON 2342 ng;柱空白为0;rProtein A-琼脂糖凝胶(0.25 mL胶)对3种毒素的非特异吸附率均低于8%,3种毒素不同浓度的平均柱回收分别为97.4%、98.0%和98.4%。通过优化条件,选择80%甲醇-水(80:20, V/V)为提取溶剂,PBST稀释;FAPAS质控样本经不同批次三合一亲和柱净化后测定结果接近靶心值。制备的三合一免疫亲和柱能满足食品及饲料样品的前处理,可替代常规单一亲和柱,为多种毒素的一步富集、净化、检测奠定基础。 相似文献
19.
Summary Hydraulic high pressure nebulization is used as an effective way of on-line coupling of HPLC to flame-AAS for speciation of
metal compounds in the ng range. Compared to coupling with a conventional nebulizer a signal enhancement by a factor of 7.5
(peak height) and 10.1 (peak area) for copper is obtained. Using an injected volume of 50 μL the detection limits for Cu,
Fe, Ni and Cd are below 0.1 μg/mL (=5ng) and for Mg below 0.01 μg/mL (=0.5ng). The effects of HPLC flow-rate and nebulization
nozzle diameter on the signal peak height have been investigated. The performance of the system is demonstrated using speciation
of iron. A base-line separation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) is achieved within two minutes. Also species changes (Fe acetate to
Fe citrate) can be analysed using the proposed system. 相似文献
20.
M. Seelig N. H. Bings J. A. C. Broekaert 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1998,360(2):161-166
A comparative study was performed of 600 W capacitively coupled microwave plasmas (CMP) with different plasma gases (Ar,
N2 and air) and aerosol generation with the aid of a Légère pneumatic nebulizer. Detection limits with the different working
gases are in the order of 15–4000 ng/mL for Fe, Cr, Zn, Mg and Ca in aqueous solutions. The influence of organic solutions
on the stability of the plasma is discussed. The determination of Co, Cr, Fe, Mg and Ni in different oil samples by OES is
described, using an air-CMP and pneumatic nebulization after dilution of the oils by 20% with cyclohexane. The detection limits
for these elements are in the 100–400 ng/g range. Results obtained for a waste motor oil for the elements mentioned in the
concentration range of 4–50 μg/g were found to be in good agreement with those obtained by ICP-OES after digestion of the
oils at high pressure in PTFE vessels.
Received: 10 March 1997 / Revised: 23 May 1997 / Accepted: 30 May 1997 相似文献