金属间化合物LaCo13的电化学储氢性能研究

研究了金属间化合物LaCo13的电化学储氢性能,分别考察了LaCo13电极的活化、电化学容量、温度特性、电位特性、循环寿命和高倍率放电性能,并采用电化学阻抗谱技术研究了LaCo13电极过程的动力学性能.结果表明,LaCo13在电解液中具有较高的电化学容量和良好的循环寿命,温度由30℃升高到60℃时,LaCo13电极的电化学容量从339升高到388 mAh·g-1,但放电平台压较低,高倍率放电性能不如AB5型合金.LaCo13电极过程动力学性能表明,其吸放氢是由电化学反应和氢的扩散混合控制.     

Ni添加对Ti0.4Zr0.1V1.1Mn0.5Cr0.1合金的相结构和电化学性能的影响

本文通过XRD、SEM、EDS研究了Ti0.4Zr0.1V1.1Mn0.5Cr0.1Nix(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8)合金的相结构和电化学性能.该合金系由BCC结构的V基固溶体主相和六方结构的C14 Laves第二相组成,Ni能够促进第二相的生成,Ni含量的增加导致了各相中的化学组成和晶格参数的变化,并通过电化学方法研究了Ni含量对Ti0.4Zr0.1V1.1Mn0.5Cr0.1合金电极的最大放电容量、自放电性能、高倍率放电性能、循环稳定性能等的影响.     

熔体旋淬合金Zr_(0.9)Ti_(0.1)(Ni,Co,Mn,V)_(2.1)的微结构与电化学性能

对比研究了熔体旋淬和常规熔铸合金Zr0 .9Ti0 .1(Ni,Co ,Mn ,V) 2 .1的微结构和电化学性能 .XRD分析表明 :熔体旋淬合金在退火前后的晶体结构和铸态合金一样 ,均为面心立方结构 ,由LaveC15相组成 ;并且随旋淬速度的增加 ,旋淬合金中的非晶成分越多 .电化学测试表明 :旋淬合金有较好的活化性能 ,但其最大放电容量较低 ,小于 2 80mAh/g ;而退火后的旋淬合金需经 30次循环才能完全活化 ,其最大放电容量皆为 34 0mAh/g左右 ,高于铸态合金和退火前的旋淬合金 ;在电流密度为 30 0mA/g下进行充放电循环 ,发现退火后的旋淬合金循环稳定性明显高于铸态合金电极 ,并且随旋淬速度的增加 ,循环稳定性越好 ,经过 80 0次循环后 ,退火后的 4 0m/s合金容量保持率高达 85 % ,容量衰减率只有 6.9%     

硼的添加对Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33贮氢合金结构和电化学性能的影响

Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33Bx(x=0~0.10)系列合金均有V基固溶体相和C14型Laves相两相组成。添加B可提高Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33合金的放电容量,Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33B0.1合金电极在60 mA·g-1电流放电时的放电容量达到476.7 mAh·g-1。B的添加不同程度地降低了合金的高倍率放电性能,使合金电极表面上电化学反应的电荷转移电阻(R ct)显著增加,交换电流密度(I0)显著降低。添加B可显著改善Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33合金电极的高温放电性能,Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33B0.025合金电极在343 K高温下其放电容量达到525.6 mAh·g-1。     

MgNi-x% TiNi0.5Mn0.5 (x＝10, 30, 50)贮氢合金的制备与电化学性能

用机械合金化法成功制备出MgNi和TiNi0.5Mn0.5合金, 并将不同质量的TiNi0.5Mn0.5与MgNi合金球磨复合10 h制备MgNi-x% TiNi0.5Mn0.5 (x＝10, 30, 50)合金. XRD结果表明球磨后几种合金均为非晶体, TiNi0.5Mn0.5均匀分散到MgNi合金主相中; 充放电结果表明MgNi-TiNi0.5Mn0.5复合合金的初始容量比纯MgNi合金(443.12 mAh/g)低, MgNi- 10% TiNi0.5Mn0.5首次放电容量是394.46 mAh/g, 但循环寿命有较大的改善, 50次循环后容量保持在232.57 mAh/g, 保持率达59%; 动电位扫描结果表明复合后合金电极抗腐蚀能力提高; 循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱法研究结果表明: 复合后电极表面的电化学催化性能增强, H原子在合金电极内部的扩散阻抗减小.     

稀土元素对Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33贮氢合金微观结构和电化学性能的影响

本文研究了稀土元素对Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33合金的微观结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24-xMn0.10Ni0.33REx(RE=Ce,Nd,Gd;x=0.01)合金均有V基固溶体相和C14型Laves相两相组成。合金中两相的晶格参数随加入稀土元素的不同而发生变化。稀土元素部分取代可改善合金电极的活化性能。然而,对合金电极的其他性能影响因元素种类不同而各异。Ce取代增大了合金电极的最大放电容量,Nd元素可以有效改善合金的高倍率放电性能。工作温度对合金电极的放电容量影响较大,Nd和Gd在333 K最大放电容量可达426和465 mAh.g-1。过高的温度使其循环容量衰减加剧。     

低钴LaNi4.5Co0.4-xAl0.1+x储氢合金的相结构和电极性能

采用XRD,SEM等材料分析方法及恒电流充放电、线性极化等电化学测试技术研究了低钴LaNi4.5Co0.4-xAl0.1+x(x=0.00～0.30)储氢合金的电极性能。XRD分析表明:合金均为单一CaCu5型六方结构的LaNi5相结构,随着合金中Al含量的增加,其晶胞参数a和c及晶胞体积都显著增加。301 K时模拟电池测试结果表明:x=0.00时,合金电极具有最佳自放电性能;x=0.15时,合金电极的循环稳定性能最好,其高倍率放电性能达到70.21%(放电电流密度为1800 mA.g-1)。当0.10≤x≤0.15时,Al替代Co能改善AB5型低钴储氢合金的循环稳定性能和高倍率放电性能。     

稀土元素取代对Ti_(0.26)Zr_(0.07)V_(0.24)Mn_(0.1)Ni_(0.33)贮氢合金结构和电化学性能的影响

研究了5种稀土元素部分取代V对Ti0.26Zr0.07V0..24Mn0.1Ni0.33合金的微观结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33和Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24-xMn0.1Ni0.33REx(x=0.005;RE=La,Ce,Nd,Ho,Y)均由体心立方结构的钒基固溶体相和六方结构的C14 Laves相组成。在合金中加入稀土元素,会使合金中两相的晶胞体积同时增大。稀土元素部分取代V均改善了合金电极的活化性能。La和Nd元素取代后,合金电极的最大放电容量明显增加,而Ce的取代提高了合金电极的循环稳定性。Ce,Nd,Ho,Y均改善了合金电极的倍率放电性能。合金电极在高温状态下表现出了良好的放电性能,其中Nd在333 K时放电容量可达550.4 mAh·g-1。稀土元素对荷电保持率的影响各异。     

La_(0.7)Pr_(0.15)Nd_(0.05)Mg_(0.3)Ni_(3.3-x)Co_(0.2)Al_(0.1)(Co_(0.75)Mn_(0.25))_x(x=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6)的电化学性能研究

在Ar气保护下用悬浮熔炼制备La0.7Pr0.15Nd0.05Mg0.3N i3.3-xCo0.2A l0.1(Co0.75Mn0.25)x(x=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6)合金,系统研究了Co和Mn对合金储氢性能和电化学性能的影响。XRD相分析表明,合金相主要由(La,Pr)(N i,Co)5,LaMg2N i9,(La,Nd)2N i7和LaN i3相组成;添加Co和Mn后合金中(La,Pr)(N i,Co)5,(La,Nd)2N i7和LaN i3相晶胞体积增加,LaMg2N i9相晶胞体积变小。合金放氢PCT曲线测试表明,随着合金中Co和Mn含量的增加,合金吸氢量先减小后增加,放氢平台压下降,合金氢化物稳定性增加。合金电极电化学性能测试表明,添加Co和Mn使合金电极放电容量减小,容量保持率S100从53.2%(x=0.0)增加到63.0%(x=0.6),合金电极的电循环稳定性增强,高倍率放电性能HRD1500先增加后减小。此外,合金电极的极化电阻先减小后增加,交换电流密度、循环伏安特性阳极峰电流密度和极限电流密度先增加后减小,合金内氢原子扩散系数先增加后减小,表明添加适量的Co和Mn可以提高合金电...     

La_(0.63)Gd_(0.2)Mg_(0.17)Ni_(3.2-x)Co_(0.3)Al_x(x=0～0.4)储氢合金的微观组织和电化学性能

采用真空感应熔炼方法制备了La0.83Mg0.17Ni3.1Co0.3Al0.1和La0.63Gd0.2Mg0.17Ni3.2-xCo0.3Alx(x=0~0.4)贮氢合金,并在氩气气氛900℃进行退火处理。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、显微电子探针(EPMA)分析方法和电化学测试分析研究了Gd和Al元素对合金微观组织和电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,该系列合金退火组织主要由Ce2Ni7/Gd2Co7型、Pr5Co19型、PuNi3型和CaCu5型相组成;Gd元素的加入使合金中CaCu5型相明显减少,Ce2Ni7型/Gd2Co7型相显著增加,x=0.1时其相丰度达到81.2%;随Al含量x不断增加,合金中CaCu5型相丰度逐渐增多,当x=0.1~0.2时,CaCu5型相丰度为4%~5%,x=0.4时,其相丰度达到66.65%。电化学测试分析表明,Gd和Al元素对合金电极活化性能影响不大,当x=0.1时,含Gd合金电极放电容量达到最大值391 mAh.g-1,随Al含量x进一步增加,合金电极放电容量降低。含Gd和加入适量的Al元素可使合金电极循环稳定性得到明显提高,当Al含量x=0.1,0.2时,经100次充放电循环后其电极容量保持率S100分别为93.7%和90.1%,其中La0.63Gd0.2Mg0.17Ni3.1Co0.3Al0.1合金具有最好的综合电化学性能。     

Nitrogen doped porous carbon as excellent dual anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

Biomass-derived carbon materials have obtained great attention due to their sustainability,easy availability,low cost and environmentally benign.In this work,bamboo leaves derived nitrogen doped hierarchically porous carbon have been efficiently synthesized via an annealing approach,followed by an etching process in HF solution.Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the unique porous structure,together with the inherent high nitrogen content,endow the as-derived carbon with excellent lithium/sodium storage performance.The porous carbon annealed at 700℃presents outstanding rate capability and remarkable long-term stability as anodes for both lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries.The optimized carbon delivers a high discharge capacity of 450 mAh/g after 500 cycles at the current density of 0.2 A/g for LIBs,and a discharge capacity of 180 mAh/g after 300 cycles at the current density of 0.1 A/g for SIBs.     

Structural and electrochemical properties of high-capacity Ml-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys

The Ml-Mg-Ni-based (Ml = La-rich mixed lanthanide) hydrogen storage alloy Ml_0.88Mg_0.12Ni_3.0-Mn_0.10Co_0.55Al_0.10 was prepared by inductive melting. The micro-structure was analyzed by XRD and SEM. The alloy consists mainly of CaCu₅-type phase, Ce₂Ni₇-type phase and Pr₅Co₁₉-type phase. The electrochemical measurements show that the maximum discharge capacity is 386 mAh/g, 16.3% higher than that of the commercial AB₅-type alloy (332 mAh/g). At discharge current density of 1 100 mA/g, high rate dischargeability is 62%, while that of the AB5-type alloy is only 45%. The discharge capacity decreases to 315 mAh/g after 300 charge/ discharge cycles, 81.5% of the maximum discharge capacity. __________ Translated from Journal of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, 2008, 42(3) (in Chinese)     

Reduced graphene oxide wrapped hollow molybdenum trioxide nanorod for high performance lithium-ion batteries

Reduced graphene oxide wrapped hollow molybdenum trioxide nanorods have been fabricated as a high performance anode material for lithium batteries.     

The structure and electrochemical characteristics of La0.67Mg0.33 (Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1) x (x=2.5–5.0) multiphase alloys for nickel-metal hydride batteries

This paper presents results concerning structure and electrochemical characteristics of the La_0.67Mg_0.33 (Ni_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1) _x (x=2.5–5.0) alloy. It can be found from the result of the Rietveld analyses that the structures of the alloys change obviously with increasing x from 2.5 to 5.0. The main phase of the alloys with x=2.5–3.5 is LaMg₂Ni₉ phase with a PuNi₃-type rhombohedral structure, but the main phase of the alloys with x=4.0–5.0 is LaNi₅phase with a CaCu₅-type hexagonal structure. Furthermore, the phase ratio, lattice parameter and cell volume of the LaMg₂Ni₉phase and the LaNi₅ phase change with increasing x. The electrochemical studies show that the maximum discharge capacity increases from 214.7 mAh/g (x=2.5) to 391.1 mAh/g (x=3.5) and then decreases to 238.5 mAh/g (x=5.0). As the discharge current density is 1,200 mA/g, the high rate dischargeability (HRD) increases from 51.1% (x=2.5) to 83.7% (x=3.5) and then decreases to 71.6% (x=5.0). Moreover, the exchange current density (I ₀) of the alloy electrodes first increases and then decrease with increasing x from 2.5 to 5.0, which is consistent with the variation of the HRD. The cell volume reduces with increasing x in the alloys, which is detrimental to hydrogen diffusion and accordingly decreases the low-temperature dischargeability of the alloy electrodes.     

熔体旋淬Ml(NiCoMnAl)_5贮氢合金的组织结构与电化学特性

对比研究了熔体旋淬和常规熔铸Ml(NiCoMnAl) 5 贮氢合金的组织结构和电化学特性。SEM和XRD分析表明 :熔体旋淬合金为细小的柱状晶粒组成 ,随着旋淬速度的增加 ,晶粒越来越细小 ,成分越来越均匀 ;它们的晶体结构和铸态一样 ,都为CaCu5 型六方晶体结构 ;随着旋淬速度的增加 ,晶粒主要按 (111) [111]择优取向生长。电化学测试表明 :旋淬态合金电极初始容量都大于 2 10mAh·g - 1 ,活化性能好 ,经两次充放电循环 ,就可达到最大放电容量。旋淬速度 10m·s- 1 的合金电极的最大放电容量 (2 94mAh·g- 1 )与铸态合金电极的最大容量相当 ,所有旋淬速度的合金电极充放电循环稳定性优于铸态合金电极。在 6 0 0mA·g- 1 电流密度下 ,旋淬速度 10m·s- 1 的合金电极充电 45min就能达到其最大容量的 6 5 %左右 ,具有较好的高倍率充放电能力 ,但随着循环次数的增加 ,它的容量稳定性稍次于旋淬速度 40m·s- 1 的合金电极。     

Agar-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon as anode for construction of cost-effective lithium-ion batteries

Balancing cost and performance of porous carbon (PC) as anode for lithium-ion battery (LIBs) is the key to effectively promote commercial application. Herein, low-cost N-doped PC (NPC-Ts, T = 600, 750 and 900 °C) were facilely prepared in batches via one-pot pyrolysis of agar with different carbonization temperature. The NPC-750 with specific surface area of 2914 m²/g and N content of 2.84% exhibits an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 1019 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g after 100 cycles and 837 mAh/g at 1 A/g after 500 cycles. Remarkably, the resulting LIBs exhibit an ultrafast charge-discharge feature with a remarkable capacity of 281 mAh/g at 10 A/g and a superlong cycle life with a capacity retention of 87% after 5000 cycles at 10 A/g. Coupling with LiFePO₄ cathode, the fabricated lithium-ion full cells possess high capacity, excellent rate and cycling performances (125 mAh/g at 100 mA/g, capacity retention of 95%, after 220 cycles), highlighting the practicability of this NPC-750 as the anode materials.     

高比能LiFePO4的制备及性能研究

应用液相沉淀法-固相烧结法制备高密度的LiFePO4/C及纯相LiFePO4.X射线衍射、扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱仪、电化学性能测试表明:该样品具有单一的橄榄石结构和3.4 V左右的放电平台,掺碳的LiFe-PO4具有更优良的性能,粒度较小粒径分布均匀,振实密度达1.46 g/cm3,0.1C首次放电比容量为144.6mAh/g,循环20次后容量保持率为93.2%,1C倍率首次放电比容量为133.5 mAh/g,循环20次后容量下降8.76%.     

Cotton-derived oxygen/sulfur co-doped hard carbon as advanced anode material for potassium-ion batteries

Hard carbon is regarded as promising anode materials for potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)owing to their low price and easy availability.However,the limited rate capability still needs to be improved.Herein,we demonstrate the fabrication of oxygen/sulfur co-doped hard carbon through a facile hydrolyzationsulfuration process of skimmed cotton.The simultaneous dopants significantly improve potassium ion diffusion rate.When served as the anode for KIBs,this hydrolyzed hard carbon delivered a high reversible capacity(409 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g),superior rate capability(135 mAh/g at 2 A/g)and excellent cyclability(about 120 mAh/g overt 500 cycles at 2 A/g).This work provides a facile strategy to prepare low-cost doped-hard carbon with superior potassium storage property.     

退火处理对新型无镁Y0.7La0.3Ni3.25Al0.1Mn0.15储氢合金结构和电化学性能的影响

通过电弧熔炼制备了无镁La-Y-Ni系A₂B₇型Y_0.7La_0.3Ni_3.25Al_0.1Mn_0.15合金, 并在高纯0.2 MPa Ar气氛下分别对合金进行850~1050 ℃真空24 h退火热处理. 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 中子衍射(ND)、 扫描电子显微镜/能量分散谱(SEM/EDS)和电化学测试方法研究了退火温度对合金结构和性能的影响. 结构分析表明, 铸态合金由CaCu₅, Ce₅Co₁₉, Gd₂Co₇, Ce₂Ni₇多相构成, 随着退火温度升高, CaCu₅, Ce₅Co₁₉, Gd₂Co₇相逐步减少直至消失, Ce₂Ni₇主相相丰度逐步增加. 900~950 ℃退火时, 合金为单相Ce₂Ni₇结构. 退火温度继续升高, 合金中出现少量PuNi₃相. 合金电极的最大放电容量随着退火温度的升高先增加后降低. 从铸态的307.6 mA·h/g增加到900 ℃退火时的最大值393.1 mA·h/g, 后又降到1050 ℃退火时的366.4 mA·h/g. 合金电极的电化学循环稳定性随退火温度的升高而升高, 循环100次后电化学容量保持率(S₁₀₀)从铸态的66%上升到1050 ℃退火后的88.5%, 900~950 ℃退火时, 合金电极具有较好的综合电化学性能.