多酶复合水解微波加热制备小分子大豆肽

以水解度和AN为指标,确定了微波加热条件下,三种单酶(碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶)水解大豆蛋白的最佳工艺条件及三种酶复合水解的加酶顺序,将大豆蛋白最大限度的分解为小分子大豆多肽和氨基酸。毛细管电泳实验表明:多酶复合水解优于单酶。     

Urokinase片断的二级、三级结构预测及构效关系研究

urokinase(简称UK)属于絲氨酸蛋白酶,其一级结构已经测定。去掉前135个残基后得到的低分子量UK(LUK)氨基酸残基的顺序与糜胰蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶等絲氨酸蛋白酶十分类似。从二硫桥的配置来看LUK与糜胰蛋白酶比较接近,而UK对Lys侧链处肽键的专一性则和胰蛋白酶相近。在这一类酶中,起到活性中心作用的氨基酸为Ser195,His57及Asp102.在UK中此三个氨基酸都保留了下来。蛋白水解酶中起专一性作用的残基主要是     

大孔吸附树脂提取酸性蛋白酶抑制剂研究

采用CAD-40大孔吸附树脂吸附法代替正丁醇溶剂萃取法从发酵液中提取酸性蛋白酶抑制剂是可行的。研究结果表明在pH=6条件下吸附效果最佳,经水或0.05摩尔/升的氨水淋洗后,用95％乙醇洗脱,其提取率比溶剂萃取法提高15％。     

双频超声辅助酶解同时提取生菜中的4种重金属离子

提出了一种一步提取4种重金属离子的新方法。基于双频超声辅助酶解技术,高强度的超声探头、超声波水浴控温技术与组合酶相结合,可从生菜中高效同步提取4种重金属离子。实验结果表明,纤维素酶和风味蛋白酶的组合酶更有利于重金属离子的提取。双频超声模式下,630 W功率和50℃水浴温度显著提高了生物分子的酶解率,只需15 min即可同时从生菜中提取出As³⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺等4种重金属离子,且回收率达98.3%～106.0%,相对标准偏差小于6%。双频超声辅助酶解与生物传感检测技术相结合,可实现生菜中4种重金属离子的同时提取和检测。     

计算机方法确定Darunavir衍生物作为HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂的结构决定因素与结合机制

HIV-1是地球上最可怕以及最致命的病毒之一,它是导致艾滋病的主要原因．HIV-1蛋白酶在HIV-1病毒的复制过程中承担重要角色,因此通过抑制HIV-1蛋白酶的活性从而将其作为治疗方案被认为是一种十分有效的策略．为此探究HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂的结构决定因素而进行设计与改进成为急需解决的问题．本文建立了一个包含193个Darunavir衍生物抑制剂的数据库,在此基础上,通过使用基于配体的三维定量结构-活性关系(3D-QSAR)研究,确定了一系列关键的结构特征．此外,我们还利用分子对接进一步阐明了配体与受体之间的复杂相互作用．结果显示最优的CoMSIA模型在有效性和可预测性方面都表现出了适当的性能(Q²=0.500,R_ncv²=0.882,R_pred²=0.797)．另外,数据集中活性最高的化合物171与Asp25,Gly27,Gly48,Asp124,Asp128和Asp129形成了若干个氢键,以交叉构象稳定结合在活性空腔中．根据从最佳CoMSIA模型和分子对接中获得的信息,我们...     

双频超声辅助酶解提取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定玉米中镉和铅

建立了双频超声辅助酶解提取(DUED)对玉米中Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)进行提取的方法,并结合石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)对其检测.结果表明,双频超声辅助酶解提取方法的最佳酶解条件为:0.1 mLα-淀粉酶+0.1 g中性蛋白酶+0.2 g木瓜蛋白酶、2.5 mL提取剂(pH 5.0)和60℃的提取温度.最佳超声参数...     

马鲛鱼抗氧化肽的纳流液相色谱法分离与筛选

在海洋天然产物中,马鲛鱼是一种重要的高活性抗氧化肽生物源,具有极高的加工附加值。由于鱼体组织的复杂性,活性抗氧化肽成分的提取和筛选对样品制备和分离技术提出了挑战。使用不同蛋白酶对鱼体组织进行酶解时,所获得的活性肽结构及功能活性会有显著的差别。为了获得高活性的抗氧化肽,该研究分别考察了风味蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶5种蛋白酶的酶解效果。以二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH·)、羟自由基(·OH)清除率和水解度(DH)为指标,筛选最优水解酶。结果表明,胰蛋白酶酶解液清除DPPH·和·OH能力最强,清除率分别达到88.93%±0.82%和53.09%±0.73%。在单因素试验的基础上,以DPPH·清除率为响应值,以加酶量、酶解温度和时间为函数,进行了三因素三水平响应面试验,获得水解度23.66%、DPPH·清除率93.78%以及·OH清除率62.59%的最优制备条件。纳流液相色谱具有低样品量、低溶剂消耗和高效等优势。为筛选出适合于马鲛鱼内脏抗氧化肽分离分析的固定相,该研究使用1∶1000分流比的纳流液相平台,分别使用反相C18柱(15 cm×100 μm, 5 μm, 30 nm)和强阳离子交换柱(15 cm×100 μm, 5 μm, 100 nm)进行分离,收集、冻干并评测了各组分的抗氧化能力。结果表明,强阳离子交换固定相更适合于马鲛鱼内脏抗氧化肽的分离纯化,并筛选出1个强活性抗氧化肽组分。该组分DPPH·清除力的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)为0.672±0.051 mg/mL,与纯化前相比提高了13.6倍。该研究报道了纳流液相色谱在海洋天然产物源抗氧化肽分离分析中的应用,并证明了其在活性抗氧化肽成分筛选中的有效性和良好的应用前景。     

双水相萃取法从风干香肠中分离提取蛋白酶

双水相萃取(ATPS)是近年来发展起来的蛋白纯化方法。为了扩展该方法适应领域,同时为风干香肠形成过程酶系的研究提供具体方法。本实验研究了运用双水相技术分离提取风干香肠中蛋白酶,对构成双水相体系中的PEG分子量、浓度和类型以及盐浓度的影响进行了分析。确定了双水相组成体系为20%PEG1000(m/m)和25%MgSO4(m/m),在此体系中风干香肠的蛋白酶主要分布在上相,最高酶活12.37U/μg;纯化倍数为4.61;回收率为85%。通过分子筛层析对比,表明风干香肠经过双水相分离提取杂蛋白峰被除去,而蛋白酶峰几乎未受到影响,说明该双水相体系萃取香肠中蛋白酶具有良好的专一性。调解双水相pH值对蛋白酶的萃取没有影响,而添加电解质NaCl反而产生不利影响。     

灵芝发酵液中蛋白酶抑制剂GLPIA2的纯化及其特性

采用乙醇分级沉淀、凝胶色谱纯化、阴离子交换色谱分离等步骤从灵芝深层发酵液中提取得到蛋白酶抑制剂GLPIA1 与GLPIA2。其中GLPIA2仅在215 nm处有紫外吸收,经十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定为单一条带,相对分子质 量为15000。由其氨基酸组成分析谱图可看出,其酸性氨基酸含量较高,碱性氨基酸及芳香族氨基酸含量较低。GLPIA2抑 制剂的底物特异性研究表明,它对天冬氨酸族的胃蛋白酶和酵母蛋白酶A有相对较强的抑制作用。     

α，ω─二羧基聚乙二醇磁性毫微粒固定化碱性蛋白酶的研究

本文用共沉淀法制备了平均直径为３８４纳米的α，ω─二羧基聚乙二醇磁性毫微粒．碱性蛋白酶通过吸附交联法被固定于磁性毫微粒．研究了制备过程中的吸附时间、给酶量、戊二醛浓度、ｐＨ和离子强度对磁性固定化酶活力及酶固定化率的影响．比较了磁性蛋白酶磁性固定化酶与自由酶的酶学性质，磁性固定化酶的最适温度有改变，但热稳定性显著提高；磁性固定化酶的最适ｐＨ向酸性方向移动了１．０个ＰＨ单位。     

Two-parameter determination in vinegar by a flow injection-pervaporation system

A flow injection method (FI) for the sequential determination of ethanol and acetic acid in vinegar is reported. The determination of ethanol is based on the oxidation of the pervaporated ethanol by K2Cr2O7. The acetic acid is determined by an acid-base reaction with Thymol Blue as the indicator. Both reactions are monitored photometrically at 600 nm using a single detector. Optimisation studies and assessment of the sequential Fl method are also reported. The linear determination range is 0-12% v/v for ethanol and 0-10% (grams of acetic acid in 100 ml) for acetic acid. The sample throughput of the sequential manifold is seven per hour. The new method was applied to vinegar samples and the results obtained were in excellent agreement with those from reference methods used in Spain.     

Monitoring of melamine contamination in fat watery milk by the photoluminescence analysis

A photoluminescence method to detect the toxic melamine contamination in fat watery milk has been proposed. Despite the quite different luminescence origins of milk and melamine patterns, their wide emission spectra under UV excitation are similar and in the range of 2.2-3.5 eV. The complex milk photoluminescence spectrum composed of riboflavin, furosine, lactulose, Vitamin E and tryptophan emitting species can be modified if milk pattern is undergone by acid treatment (for example, in vinegar). At the same time the melamine emission is not subjected to any modification in vinegar. It allows quantitatively discriminating the melamine contamination in milk in linear range, at least, 0.05-7 g/l from different photoluminescence spectra of milk (water) with and without melamine. Limit of melamine detection achieves 0.01 g/l.     

平头pH电极-流动注射联用技术快速滴定食醋中醋酸的方法研究

采用一种具有平头结构的pH电极作为流动注射分析(FIA)的检测器,构建了流动注射自动化酸度滴定系统.优化了样品进样量、流速、载液浓度和反应管长度等参数.用NaOH溶液作为载液,在4.639×10-4～0.212 mol·L-1范围内醋酸浓度的对数与FIA峰的峰面积成正比,该方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于0.5%.采用...     

The equivalent potential of water for electronic structure of aspartic acid

The equivalent potential of water for the electronic structure of aspartic acid (Asp(-)) in solution is constructed by the first-principles, all-electrons, ab initio calculations. Aspartic acid is a hydrophilic amino acid which is negatively charged in neutral water solution. The main process of calculation consists of three steps. Firstly, the geometric structure of the cluster containing Asp(-) and water molecules is calculated by the free cluster calculation. Then, based on the obtained geometric structure, the electronic structure of Asp(-) with the potential of water molecules is calculated using the self-consistent cluster-embedding method. Finally, the electronic structure of Asp(-) with the potential of dipoles is calculated. The results show that the major effect of water on Asp(-)'s electronic structure is lowering the occupied molecular orbitals by about 0.02 Ry on average, and narrowing energy gap by 10.8%. The effect of water on the electronic structure of Asp(-) can be simulated by dipoles potential.     

Structure-activity relationships of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) analogs: role of charged groups in alpha-hANP.

To determine whether the addition of a methylene unit in the side chain of the Asp or Arg residue in alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) influences its biological activity, analogs of alpha-hANP, [Glu13]-alpha-hANP (7-28) (1), [Aad13]-alpha-hANP (7-28) (2), and [Harn]-alpha-hANP(7-28) (where n is any possible combination of 11, 14 and 27) (3-9), where the original Asp or Arg residue was replaced by a homo-amino acid, were synthesized by the solid-phase synthesis method. All the analogs were evaluated for their receptor binding, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) accumulation activity in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and for vasorelaxant activity employing rat aorta. 1 and 2 were 0.9 and 0.03 times as potent as alpha-hANP (7-28), respectively, in binding. Har-containing analogs (3-9) were as potent as alpha-hANP (7-28) in binding. Among the Har-containing analogs, [Har11,14]-alpha-hANP (7-28) (6) and [Har11,27]-alpha-hANP (7-28) (7) were remarkably vasorelaxant active, being 4.2 and 5.3 times potent than alpha-hANP (7-28), respectively, in spite of relatively lower cGMP accumulation activity in the case of 7. The roles of the chargeable amino acid residues in biological activity are discussed.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Biodegradable Copolymer,Poly(aspartic acid‐co‐lactic acid)

An amphiphilic biodegradable polymer, poly(aspartic acid‐co‐lactic acid) (PAL), was synthesized by simply heating a mixture of aspartic acid (Asp) and L ‐lactide without additional catalysts or solvents. The unique branched architecture comprising succinimide units and lactic acid units was confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy. A copolymer of sodium aspartate and lactic acid (PALNa) was prepared by reacting PAL with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The PAL was soluble in many organic solvents, while the PALNa was soluble in methanol and water. The hydrolytic degradation behavior of PAL varied with the copolymer composition. A higher Asp content resulted in a faster molecular weight decrease, and introducing glycolic acid units accelerated the degradation rate.

Microphotograph of microsphere of PAL‐1/5.     

Fruits Vinegar: Quality Characteristics,Phytochemistry, and Functionality

The popularity of fruits vinegar (FsV) has been increased recently as a healthy drink wealthy in bioactive compounds that provide several beneficial properties. This review was designed in the frame of valorization of fruits vinegar as a by-product with high value added by providing overall information on its biochemical constituents and beneficial potencies. It contains a cocktail of bioactive ingredients including polyphenolic acids, organic acids, tetramethylperazine, and melanoidins. Acetic acid is the most abundant organic acid and chlorogenic acid is the major phenol in apple vinegar. The administration of fruits vinegar could prevent diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, oxidative stress, cancer, and boost immunity as well as provide a remarkable antioxidant ability. The production techniques influence the quality of vinegar, and consequently, its health benefits.     

A facile and sensitive chemiluminescence detection of amino acids in biological samples after capillary electrophoretic separation

It was found that native amino acids enhanced the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction between luminol and BrO(-) in an alkaline aqueous solution. This has led to the development of a facile and highly sensitive CL detection scheme for the determination of amino acids in biological samples after capillary electrophoretic (CE) separation. The CE-CL conditions were optimized. An electrophoretic buffer of 2.5 x 10(-2) M sodium borate (pH 9.4) containing 1 x 10(-4) M luminol was used. The oxidizer solution of 8 x 10(-4) M NaBrO in 0.1 M sodium carbonate buffer solution (pH 12.5) was introduced post-column. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limits were 1.0 x 10(-7) M for glutamic acid (Glu) and 1.3 x 10(-7) M (S/N = 3) for aspartic acid (Asp). The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of peak area and migration time were in the ranges of 3.8-4.3% and 1.4-1.6%, respectively. The present method was applied to the determination of excitatory amino acids (i.e., Asp and Glu) in rat brain tissue and monkey plasma. The levels of these major excitatory amino acids in monkey plasma were quantified for the first time and found to be 1.17 +/- 0.17 x 10(-5) M (mean +/- SD, n = 6) for Glu and 1.64 +/- 0.19 x 10(-6) M for Asp, which were comparable with the levels in human plasma.     

Novel chiral selectors anchored on polydimethylsiloxane as stationary phases for separation of derivatized amino acid enantiomers by capillary gas chromatography

Six chiral selectors of S-(-)-t-Leu-cyclopropylamide, S-(-)-t-Leu-cyclopentylamide, S-(-)-t-Leu-cyclohexylamide, S-(-)-t-Leu-cycloheptylamide, S-(-)-t-Leu-cyclooctylamide, S-(-)-t-Leu-cyclododecylamide have been prepared and anchored individually through amide bonding to a polydimethylsiloxane functionalized with 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ester groups by way of nucleophilic displacement reaction. The resulting chiral polysiloxanes have been provided as stationary phases for the separation of amino acid enantiomers by capillary GC. Amino acids were derivatized into N(O)-trifluoroacetyl isopropyl esters. Especially, polydimethylsiloxane anchored with S-(-)-t-Leu-cyclooctylamide was found to be efficient for the separation of aspartic acid (Asp) enantiomers. The method was applied to the estimation of ages from the extent of Asp racemization in human dentines.     

Simultaneous determination of preservatives in beverages,vinegar, aqueous sauces,and quasi-drug drinks by stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and thermal desorption GC-MS

A method for the simultaneous determination of seven preservatives - sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, isobutyl, and butyl esters - in beverages, vinegar, aqueous sauces, and quasi-drug drinks has been developed using the stir-bar sorptive extraction technique then thermal desorption GC-MS analysis. The extraction conditions - pH, sample volume, extraction temperature, salt addition, and extraction time - were examined. d5-Benzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid sec-butyl ester were added as surrogate internal standards to compensate for the effect of sample matrix and coexisting analytes on the sorptive extraction. The linearity of the method was good over the concentration range from 1 to 1000 microg mL(-1) for sorbic acid, 10-1000 microg mL(-1) for benzoic acid, and 0.1-100 microg mL(-1) for p-hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, isobutyl, and butyl esters, and the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.9984. The limit of detection ranged from 0.015 to 3.3 microg mL(-1). The recoveries (95-105%) and precision (RSD: 0.86-6.0%) of the method were examined by analyzing a sparkling soft drink, white wine, red wine, balsamic vinegar, soy sauce, and quasi-drug drink samples fortified at the 5 to 50 microg mL(-1) level.