相对论电子束在离子通道中的聚焦与输运

 基于单粒子理论,描述了相对论电子束在离子通道中的聚焦输运过程,讨论了离子-电子密度比、相对论因子、束加速电压和入射电流等系统参数对电子束的聚焦半径、纵向聚焦位置的影响。研究表明,离子通道对电子束具有强烈的聚焦效应,束流在离子通道内的传输是类周期波动传输,随传输距离增加,聚焦点处的半径逐渐增加,束流的波动幅度逐渐减小。选择适当的系统参数,可调节束聚焦点位置和聚焦点半径的大小,实现电子束的长距传输并且减少电子束的耗散。     

超声分子束注入密度和宽度对托克马克装置加料深度的影响

基于HL-2A托卡马克装置的真实磁场位形,应用大型边缘等离子体湍流模拟程序BOUT++中的子程序模块trans-neut对不同的超声分子束注入(SMBI)密度和宽度进行模拟.在SMBI过程中,保持单位时间内分子注入个数和注入速度恒定,在恒定通量情况下,通过调整注入分子束密度和宽度来研究SMBI注入深度的变化.研究结果表明:在注入密度较小、注入宽度较大时,SMBI的注入深度更深,分子和原子的分解率和电离率的时空区域较宽.分子分解局域化会抑制全局分解率的增长,而分解局域化又会引发局域分解率的加速增长,进而促进全局分解率的增长,促进效果占优导致在注入速度一定的情况下,恒定通量的分子注入发散角越小,分子注入深度越浅.     

Effect of relativistic elliptical beam modulation on excitation of surface plasma waves in a magnetized dusty plasma column with elliptical cross section

Abstract

The excitation of surface plasma waves due to the interaction of an elliptical relativistic density modulated electron beam with the magnetized dusty plasma column with elliptical cross-section has been studied. The dispersion relation of surface plasma waves has been retrieved from the derived dispersion relation by considering that the beam is absent and there is no dust in the plasma elliptical cylinder. It is shown that the Cherenkov and fast cyclotron interactions appear between the beam and eigen-modes of plasma column. The growth rate of the instability increases with the beam density and modulation index as one-third power of the beam density in Cherenkov interaction and is proportional to the square root of beam density in fast cyclotron interaction. The numerical results and graphs are presented, too.     

Angular momentum density of a Gaussian vortex beam

The Gaussian vortex beam is assumed to be linearly polarized.The analytical expression of the electric field of a linearly polarized Gaussian vortex beam propagating in free space is derived by using the vectorial Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral formulae.The propagating magnetic field of the linearly polarized Gaussian vortex beam is presented by taking the curl of the electric field.By employing the electromagnetic field of the linearly polarized Gaussian vortex beam beyond the paraxial approximation,the analytical expression of the angular momentum density of the linearly polarized Gaussian vortex beam is derived.The three components of the angular momentum density of a linearly polarized Gaussian vortex beam are demonstrated in the reference plane.The effects of the linearly polarized angle and the topological charge on the three components of the angular momentum density are investigated.To acquire the more longitudinal angular momentum density requires such an optimal choice that the linearly polarized angle is set to be zero and the topological charge increases.This research is useful to the optical trapping,the optical guiding,and the optical manipulation.     

非理想氢原子束真空环境长程传输模拟研究

模拟研究了非理想氢原子束在真空环境下的长程传输效应。根据中性化程度的不同,将非理想束分为欠中性束和过中性束。通过建立束流传输的准电磁模型,研究了束流密度、中性化因子、空间磁场和弹性散射等因素对非理想氢原子束的影响。结果表明:对于欠中性束,负氢离子的存在对氢原子的传输几乎没有影响,因此欠中性束的发射装置可以考虑去除偏置磁场,以减小设备体积和质量;对于过中性束,束流损失率与束流密度和中性化因子有关,即束流密度越大,束流损失越大;中性化因子越高,束流损失就越高;而无论是欠中性束还是过中性束,空间磁场和粒子间的弹性散射对其传输都没有影响。     

无箔二极管强流电子束空间密度分布初步研究

通过在强磁场条件下,利用环形刀口石墨阴极(刀口尺寸38~39mm)开展电子束轰击收集极内表面铜箔和垂直轰击金属靶片实验,对无箔二极管中电子束的空间密度分布进行了初步研究,并对其产生原因进行了分析。研究结果表明,电子束径向分布在37.2~40.2mm,存在密度较高区域(38.8~39.4mm)和密度最大值点(39.2mm),且均偏向于阴极外侧。无箔二极管环形阴极爆炸发射产生电子束的径向密度分布可用偏态分布近似。     

氢原子束在大气长程传输中的剥离效应

考虑到中性粒子束对近地轨道太空垃圾的清理作用以及在太空探索中的潜在应用前景,研究了中性粒子束在亚轨道空间长程传输过程中影响束流能量和密度损失的主要物理机制,重点分析了剥离效应对束流损耗的影响。中性束剥离效应包括束流粒子之间碰撞导致的自剥离效应和其与大气粒子碰撞导致的剥离效应。以束密度随传播距离变化的方程为基础,通过引用几何因子来表征束流的自剥离效应强度,建立了剥离效应机制下束流的传输模型,由此评估了束流自剥离效应在中性束长程传输中对传输距离的影响关系。研究结果表明,在固定的高度,当中性束密度大于空气粒子密度时,自剥离效应的影响将非常突出,随着传输高度的升高,即使束密度和空气密度同时降低维持量级一致,自剥离效应对传输距离的影响在大几何因子的情况下仍会增强。     

电子束产生大尺度等离子体过程的数值模拟研究

建立了一个四组分一维混合模型，对电子束注入大气产生大尺度等离子体的过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明了能量为140keV、流强为50mA/cm²的注入电子束，可以产生线度为0.5m，密度为10¹²cm^-3量级的大气环境下等离子体.电子束所伴随的空间电荷效应由于等离子体的产生会很快消失，不影响后续的等离子体产生过程.电子束注入流强主要影响产生等离子体的密度，而电子束能量则同时影响其空间线度和密度. 关键词： 电子束 碰撞 电离     

两级喇曼压缩系统配偏振干涉仪诊断等离子体电子密度

 在星光Ⅱ铷玻璃激光装置上,采用两级喇曼压缩系统产生的波长为308 nm的紫外光作为探针束,配合Nomarski偏振干涉仪对金平面靶冕区激光等离子体进行诊断。308 nm光具有波长短、亮度高、脉冲时间短、相干性好的优点,作为探针束诊断冕区产生的等离子体电子密度,可以与高功率激光装置打靶激光同步,实现有效地脉冲压缩,同时避免等离子体中谐波分量的干扰。实验获得了308 nm紫外探针光偏振干涉条纹图,在研究Abel反演算法的基础上,利用自行研制的基于Windows操作系统的实验数据处理软件,对实验数据进行了处理和分析,得到了冕区等离子体电子密度的空间分布。结果表明：两级喇曼压缩系统配偏振干涉能有效抑制主束谐波影响,以更高时间分辨测量等离子体的更高密度区域。     

Nd:YAG薄片激光器热致波前畸变

 理论分析了激光二极管端面泵浦薄片Nd:YAG 激光器的激光介质热效应对波前相位分布的影响,给出了薄片激光器波前热畸变的计算公式。数值模拟了理想均匀泵浦及4阶超高斯泵浦下的波前分布,分析了介质厚度和泵浦均匀性与波前畸变量的关系。研究表明,介质越薄,激光泵浦光均匀性越好,泵浦功率密度越小,激光波前畸变越小;与介质厚度、泵浦功率密度相比,泵浦光光强分布对波前的影响更为显著。     

带状电子束的空间电荷场

 利用理论分析和数值计算的方法研究了矩形波导内均匀电流密度的带状电子束模型的空间电荷场,给出了该带状电子束模型的空间电荷场的解析表达式,并研究了空间电荷场随带状电子束的几何参数和物理参数的变化规律。研究表明：在不改变电流密度的前提下,更宽的电子束可以传输更强的束流,而空间电荷场并不随束宽度的增大而增大,但是增加电子束厚度会使空间电荷场显著增强,从而不利于高流强电子束的传输;对于相同电流的带状电子束,保持电子束厚度不变,增大电子束宽度,相应地降低电流密度是降低空间电荷场的一个很好的途径,而保持电子束的宽度不变,增大束厚度,相应地降低电流密度只会使沿着电子束截面宽度方向的电场减小,而沿着电子束截面厚度方向的电场基本不变;对于相同电流和电流密度的带状电子束,更宽、更薄的电子束横截面尺寸能使沿着电子束截面宽度方向的电场降到更低,而沿着电子束截面厚度方向的电场只是略有减小。     

Beam-shaping technique for improving the beam quality of a high-power laser-diode stack

We report a beam-shaping technique that reconfigures the beams to improve the beam quality and enhance the power density for a ten-array high-power laser-diode stack by using two optical rectangular cubes and two stripe-mirror plates. The reshaped beam has threefold improvement in beam quality, and its power density is effectively enhanced. On the basis of this technique, we focus the beam of the high-power laser-diode stack to effectively end pump a high-power fiber laser.     

High-frequency emissions during the propagation of an electron beamin high-density plasma

A relativistic annular electron beam passing through a high-density plasma excites Langmuir waves via Cerenkov interaction. The Langmuir waves are backscattered off ions via nonlinear ion Landau damping. At moderately high amplitudes these waves are parametrically up-converted by the beam into high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, as observed in some recent experiments. A nonlocal theory of this process is developed in a cylindrical geometry. It is seen that the growth rate of the Langmuir wave scales as one-third the power of beam density. The growth rate of parametric instability scales as one-fourth the power of beam density and the square root of beam thickness     

Statistical properties of correlated radial stochastic electromagnetic array beams on propagation

A kind of array beam named the correlated radial stochastic electromagnetic array beam that is generated by an electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model source is introduced by use of tensor method. The analytical expression for the cross-spectral density matrix of this array beam propagating through the turbulent atmosphere and in free space is obtained after performing vector integration. Some typical numerical calculations are illustrated for the changes in the spectral density, spectral degree of polarization, and spectral degree of coherence of the beam on propagation. We find that the atmospheric turbulence can destroy the correlated effect among the beamlets.     

Plasma-wakefield acceleration of an intense positron beam

Plasma wakefields are both excited and probed by propagating an intense 28.5 GeV positron beam through a 1.4 m long lithium plasma. The main body of the beam loses energy in exciting this wakefield while positrons in the back of the same beam can be accelerated by the same wakefield as it changes sign. The scaling of energy loss with plasma density as well as the energy gain seen at the highest plasma density is in excellent agreement with simulations.     

X-ray beam hardening correction for measuring density in linear accelerator industrial computed tomography

Due to X-ray attenuation being approximately proportional to material density, it is possible to measure the inner density through Industrial Computed Tomography (ICT) images accurately. In practice, however, a number of factors including the non-linear effects of beam hardening and diffuse scattered radia-tion complicate the quantitative measurement of density variations in materials. This paper is based on the linearization method of beam hardening correction, and uses polynomial fitting coefficient which is obtained by the curvature of iron polychromatic beam data to fit other materials. Through theoretical deduction, the paper proves that the density measure error is less than 2% if using pre-filters to make the spectrum of linear accelerator range mainly 0.3 MeV to 3 MeV. Experiment had been set up at an ICT system with a 9 MeV electron linear accelerator. The result is satisfactory. This technique makes the beam hardening correction easy and simple, and it is valuable for measuring the ICT density and making use of the CT images to recognize materials.     

Nonlinear Interaction of Elliptical Laser Beam with Collisional Plasma:Effect of Linear Absorption

In the present work,nonlinear interaction of elliptical laser beam with collisional plasma is studied by using paraxial ray approximation.Nonlinear differential equations for the beam width parameters of semi-major axis and semi-minor axis of elliptical laser beam have been set up and solved numerically to study the variation of beam width parameters with normalized distance of propagation.Effects of variation in absorption coefficient and plasma density on the beam width parameters are also analyzed.It is observed from the analysis that extent of self-focusing of beam increases with increase/decrease in plasma density/absorption coefficient.     

Control of gigawatt REB pulse duration using gas injection

A technique for controlling the voltage and current pulse duration of a gigawatt relativistic electron beam (REB) was investigated. The pulse duration of a beam of 250 keV and 10 kA was controlled from 60 ns to 10 ns by injecting gases (air,, argon, and hydrogen) into the diode gap at a pressure ranging from 10^-5 torr to 10^-1. The observed dependence of the pulse duration on the nature and pressure of the gas is explained in terms of volume ionization of the gas by beam electrons. It is concluded that the pulse duration is governed by the time at which the plasma density created by the beam reaches a critical value of the order of beam electron number density     

利用超快电子探针诊断受激拉曼散射静电波的数值模拟

利用二维粒子模拟程序EPOCH验证了超快电子束探针诊断受激拉曼散射产生的静电波的可行性。结果表明,电子束探针穿过静电波电场后会在电子束探针的横向上产生密度调制,密度调制呈周期性分布且沿静电波的传播方向移动,密度调制的波数对应静电波的波数且移动速度对应静电波的相速度,因此特定条件下可用于反推电子的温度、密度等信息。在诊断静电波的过程中,电子束探针的束长必须小于静电波的波长或者诊断设备的曝光时间必须小于静电波的周期。本研究提供了一种新型的直接诊断静电波和电子温度、密度的方法,对于推动受激拉曼散射等激光等离子体不稳定性的实验研究具有重要意义。