受拉钢筋混凝土构件破坏过程的数值模拟

采用三维材料破坏过程分析MFPA3D系统,对钢筋混凝土构件轴心受拉条件下的受力、变形与内部裂纹萌生、扩展及最终破坏全过程进行了数值试验研究。数值模型中引入统计分布函数反映了混凝土的非均匀性影响,并采用具有残余强度的弹性损伤本构模型及其破坏单元材料性质退化方法,利用位移加载方式对钢筋混凝土构件实施拉伸加载。通过对钢筋、素混凝土方形体以及钢筋混凝土方形柱体构件在拉伸作用下破坏过程的数值试验,分析了钢筋与混凝土两种材料之间的相互作用、约束机理和破坏机理。数值试验成果对于深入了解钢筋和混凝土的联合受力规律和钢筋在开裂前后对整体钢筋混凝土结构的作用机制有参考价值。     

细观混凝土靶抗侵彻数值模拟及侵彻深度模型

为研究细观混凝土靶的侵彻规律,采用LS-DYNA软件对刚性弹丸侵彻两相混凝土靶进行了数值模拟。结果表明,影响靶板抗侵彻能力的主要因素是砂浆种类、粗骨料种类和粗骨料体积分数;混凝土靶中的砂浆与对应的砂浆靶中的砂浆产生的阻力接近;混凝土靶中的粗骨料产生的阻力远低于对应的岩石靶中的岩石。通过扩展Forrestal阻力方程,建立了细观混凝土侵彻深度模型,模型和数值模拟一致性很好。

     

弹体贯穿钢筋混凝土数值模拟

详细描述了依据损伤原理建立的连续损伤模型,并对该模型进行了改进。在LS DYNA程序用户自定义材料模型中加入改进的连续损伤模型,并对弹体侵彻钢筋混凝土的穿孔过程进行了数值模拟,其结果与实验结果相吻合,模型可以用于钢筋混凝土的动态破坏预报。     

Experimental testing of the fracture of concrete and reinforced concrete plates under impact

This paper describes the results of experimental studies on penetration of cylindrical projectiles into concrete and reinforced concrete at impact velocities reaching 0.5 km/s. An algorithm is proposed for calculating the depth of penetration of a projectile, making it possible to find the depth of penetration of high-strength steel projectiles with a mass of up to 13.5 kg into concrete on the basis of measurements of the specific work required to remove concrete using projectiles with a mass of up to 8 g.     

基于分离式共结点模型的钢筋混凝土结构爆破拆除数值模拟

通过大型有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,充分考虑钢筋和混凝土在结构倒塌时各自的受力状态和强度差异,运用分离式共节点模型模拟钢筋混凝土结构建筑物的爆破拆除倒塌过程.通过对倒塌过程中钢筋混凝土支撑立柱内侧和外侧的钢筋单元、混凝土单元的承载失效过程分析研究,对数值模拟效果与实际爆破效果对比分析得出:分离式共结点模型...     

钢筋混凝土梁冲击动力响应和破坏模式转化试验研究

随着结构配置和冲击能量等主要影响因素的变化,钢筋混凝土梁的冲击动力响应和破坏模式会发生转化。开展不同配置的钢筋混凝土梁的落锤冲击试验,综合测量获得冲击力、支座反力、钢筋与混凝土应变、冲击局部与结构整体变形等参数,重点分析不同混凝土强度、不同纵筋/箍筋配置以及不同冲击速度对钢筋混凝土梁的动力响应以及破坏模式的影响规律。试验表明：低速撞击下钢筋混凝土梁的位移峰值、残余位移随冲击速度的提高而增大,均与冲击动能与极限静承载力之比存在近似线性关系;混凝土强度越高、纵筋配筋率越高,相同冲击条件下梁所受的撞击力峰值越大,但整体位移响应越小;配箍率的变化对结构的局部响应和整体响应的影响均较小;结构受到撞击时剪切效应在前,弯曲效应在后,斜裂缝先于垂直裂缝出现;依据结构的破坏极限状态,判断梁在冲击作用下存在的弯曲破坏、弯剪破坏、剪切破坏和冲切破坏等4种破坏模式,结果表明：相同结构配置条件下,随冲击速度的不断提高,钢筋混凝土梁由弯曲破坏向弯剪破坏、剪切破坏和冲切破坏转化;冲击速度相同时,提高混凝土强度、配箍率或降低纵向钢筋配筋率,梁的破坏模式逐步由冲切、剪切破坏向弯曲破坏模式转化。结构的冲击破坏模式及其转化规律能够为结构的抗撞设计与防护提供参考。

     

Calculation of the strength of reinforced concrete columns under repeated longitudinal impact

This paper reports the results of experiments with reinforced concrete column models subjected to repeated longitudinal impact loading using a pile driver. The strength of the column models is analyzed by comparing experimental data with results of mathematical modeling. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 181–190, January–February, 2008.     

Homogenised constitutive model coupling damage and debonding for reinforced concrete structures under cyclic solicitations

A new stress resultant constitutive model for reinforced concrete plates under cyclic solicitations is presented. This model is built by the periodic homogenisation approach using the averaging method and couples damage of concrete and periodic debonding between concrete and steel rebar. In one-dimensional situations, we derive a closed-form solution of the local problem useful to verify and set up the plate problem. The one dimensional macroscopic constitutive model involves a limited number of parameters, the sensibility of which is studied. Comparison to experimental results underlines the pertinence of the model by considering internal debonding in order to properly represent the mechanical dissipation occurring during cyclic loadings on reinforced concrete panels.     

The use of pseudo-dynamic method in the evaluation of damping characteristics in reinforced concrete beams having variable bending stiffness

The objective of this work is to determine experimentally the damping properties of concrete reinforced beams under mechanical vibrations. This is a very important property in earthquake engineering once damping provides structure energy dissipation during moderate or strong earthquake motions. The experimental campaign used the pseudo-dynamic (PsD) method to analyse the beam dynamic behaviour. Essentially the PsD test method is a hybrid computer-driven testing procedure where a numerical algorithm and experimental step are used and combined on-line in order to solve a dynamic problem. The implementation of the method is not expensive and has the leading advantage of offering the operator a total control of any intermediate structure state during the test still keeping the realism of a real dynamic testing. In this analysis the dynamic model was assumed as single degree-of-freedom system (SDOF). For the calculation of the structural damping factor, the structure stiffness was determined prior the set-up of the time integration algorithm; thereafter a pseudo-dynamic process dealing with a free and a forced vibration scheme, where this last was achieved with an external harmonic load, led to the definition of the structure response where the dissipative effect of the damping properties of reinforced concrete beams was evidenced.     

强动载荷下钢筋混凝土结构计算模型简评

针对侵彻、爆炸等强动载作用下混凝土类结构计算中涉及的状态方程、变形破坏弹塑性本构关系与强度准则等关键问题,根据混凝土多组分特征,简述考虑介质中孔隙压缩的状态模型及弹塑性变形破坏中动态损伤演化模型,并在计算实验方法的基础上,给出需要进一步研究的建议。     

侧向撞击荷载作用下内八边形空心钢筋混凝土柱的动力响应

相比于实心钢筋混凝土柱,空心钢筋混凝土柱具有自重轻和截面扩展好等优点,被广泛地用作桥墩,由此其不可避免地会受到船舶的撞击。本文中进行6根内八边形空心钢筋混凝土柱和4根内衬八边形钢管空心钢筋混凝土柱的动力响应的实验。在实验中记录了构件破坏形态、撞击力时程曲线和跨中位移时程曲线,并从撞击高度、边界条件和钢板厚度等方面分析了构件的耐撞性能。结果表明:内八边形钢筋混凝土柱和内衬八边形钢管空心钢筋混凝土柱在撞击荷载作用下的破坏形态主要分为两种破坏类型,分别为局部型破坏和整体型破坏;撞击高度越大构件破坏越严重;两端固定对构件的耐撞击性能有提升作用;钢管厚度对构件的耐撞击性能有较明显的提升作用。     

钢筋混凝土穿甲的数值模拟

比较了LS-DYNA中关于钢筋和混凝土相互作用的不同处理方式（即接触方法和耦合方法）对钢筋混凝土穿甲结果的影响。数值模拟S.J.Hanchak 等关于钢筋混凝土靶的穿甲实验,给出了弹靶的变形破坏过程。讨论了穿甲钢筋混凝土靶的撞击位置对终点弹道性能的影响,加深了钢筋对侵彻作用的认识。所确定的数值模拟方法可用于进一步讨论钢筋结构与尺寸、配筋率等参数对侵彻影响等问题的研究。     

A model of fracture in reinforced concrete arches based on lumped damage mechanics

A simplified model of cracking and damage in RC circular elements is proposed. The model can be used for the structural assessment of arches and rings. The constitutive equations are based on lumped damage mechanics which is an adaptation of fracture and continuum damage mechanics to the theory of frames with plastic hinges. An arch element is assumed to be the assemblage of an elastic circular component and two inelastic hinges where the main inelastic effects, plastic yielding of the longitudinal reinforcement and concrete cracking, are concentrated. Deformations in the elastic part are assumed to be small but the model may include some geometrically nonlinear effects due to large displacements or rotations of the hinges. The numerical examples presented in the paper show that the model describes correctly the global behavior of two structures including the softening phase.     

Dynamic response of a reinforced concrete slab subjected to air blast load

Reinforced concrete is the principal material for military engineering and nuclear power plant containment. However, impacts and explosions could completely destroy such structures, causing tremendous casualties and property loss. Hence, this study conducts an analysis on the propagation law of a blast pressure wave and the dynamic response of reinforced concrete structures under explosive pressure wave effects. This study uses proper state material parameters and equations and then applies the nonlinear finite element analysis software LS-DYNA to conduct a numerical simulation of a free-field explosion model. After comparison with the computed results from empirical equations and validating the reliability of the numerical analysis model, the destruction and influencing factors on reinforced concrete slabs, under the effects of a blast pressure wave, are investigated. The results can serve as a reference for future analysis and design.     

Numerical modeling of the dynamic behavior of reinforced shells of revolution under nonsteady loads

Institute of Mechanics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 28, No. 11, pp. 38–44, November, 1992.     

混凝土材料冲击特性的研究

基于混凝土材料强冲击加载下的试验研究,提出了两种损伤型动态本构模型： 损伤型黏弹性本构模型和损伤与塑性耦合的本构模型. 通过模型计算结果与冲击试验结果的 比较可发现,随着冲击速度的提高,混凝土材料内部产生了显著的塑性变形,由此 损伤型黏弹性本构模型的应用就存在一些不足. 而损伤与塑性耦合的本构模型由于考虑了裂 纹扩展引起的材料强度和刚度的弱化,以及微空洞缺陷塌陷引起的塑性变形,因而能更好地 用于模拟强冲击载荷作用下混凝土材料的冲击响应特性.     

弹体攻角侵彻混凝土数值模拟

利用LS-DYNA程序的用户自定义模型功能,在LS-DYNA程序中嵌入了用于描述混凝土及钢筋混凝土侵彻贯穿的动态损伤模型。模型拉伸部分用Taylor-Chen-Kuszmaul(TCK)模型描述,体现了应变率对拉伸作用的敏感性;压缩部分则采用Holmquist-Johnson-Cook(HJC) 强度模型。模型中考虑了拉伸损伤、压缩损伤、应变软化、静水压力效应以及应变率效应。利用该方法对弹体攻角非正侵彻混凝土靶过程中的弹体变形、混凝土靶的损伤破坏、弹体的速度变化规律及弹体的变形进行了计算,并将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,结果表明,采用该模型可以较好地模拟弹体非正侵彻混凝土过程。     

冲击荷载作用下滤波混凝土的动态响应与层裂损伤数值研究

借鉴局域共振材料的工作机制,通过在混凝土基体中嵌入滤波单元,设计出具有应力波衰减特性的滤波混凝土。通过将滤波混凝土结构简化为质量弹簧力学系统来分析滤波混凝土对应力波的衰减机制。采用数值模拟方法,对比研究了冲击荷载作用下普通混凝土模型和滤波混凝土模型中应力波的传播特性和层裂破坏模式。通过参数分析,研究了滤波单元的材料和几何属性对其储能效果的影响。研究结果表明：滤波单元有效降低了混凝土基体中应力波的传播速度和应力峰值;滤波单元的储能机制有效降低了混凝土基体中的能量;金属球的质量越大,滤波单元的储能效果越好,但弹性层的弹性模量和厚度需要通过适当分析进行设计以实现滤波单元的储能最大化;滤波混凝土基体的局部损伤耗散了荷载中的大量能量,有效降低了结构自由面附近的破坏程度。     

柱形装药爆炸破坏混凝土的数值模拟分析

利用LS-DYNA有限元程序建立计算模型,对有无预制孔的半无限混凝土介质中柱形装药的爆炸破坏过程进行了数值模拟研究,得出了不同埋深时的爆腔半径和爆破漏斗半径以及毁伤混凝土的最佳埋深范围,结果与理论计算吻合较好。同时,计算分析了在一定埋深处正向起爆与反向起爆的破坏状态,并对计算结果进行理论分析,结果表明反向起爆更有利于混凝土的破坏。     

充满液体弹塑性圆柱壳轴向冲击屈曲的数值模拟

基于对充满液体的弹塑性圆柱壳轴向冲击屈曲的实验观察 ,建立了相应的计算模型 ,借用 LS-DYNA软件包 ,在 HP-C36 0工作站上完成了数值模拟 ,得到了动画显示 ,给出的屈曲模态及一些特征量的时程曲线与实验结果相当一致。文中对壳的几何、物理参数对屈曲性能的影响进行了较详细的讨论