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以高比表面积碳化硅为载体,通过液相还原法制备出Pd/SiC催化剂,并用于催化碘代芳烃和芳基硼酸羰化Suzuki偶联反应.利用X射线衍射、电感耦合等离子体质谱和高分辨透射电子显微镜等对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明, SiC表面的Pd纳米颗粒分散均匀,平均粒径约为2.8 nm.在优化溶剂、碱、压力和温度等反应条件后,发现以3 mmol的K2CO3和10 mL苯甲醚分别为碱和溶剂,1.0 mmol碘苯和1.5 mmol苯硼酸在3 wt% Pd/SiC催化剂存在的条件下,在CO压力为1.0 MPa和100oC下反应8 h即可实现羰化偶联,碘苯转化率为90%,二苯甲酮选择性为99%.并且, Pd/SiC对含有不同官能团的碘代芳烃和芳基硼酸羰化Suzuki偶联反应具有较好的普适性.同时, Pd/SiC也具有较好的稳定性,经5次循环反应后,碘苯转化率从90%降至76%;催化剂活性降低的主要原因是活性组分Pd在有机反应体系中的流失. 相似文献
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《催化学报》2015,(3)
以高比表面积碳化硅为载体,通过液相还原法制备出Pd/Si C催化剂,并用于催化碘代芳烃和芳基硼酸羰化Suzuki偶联反应.利用X射线衍射、电感耦合等离子体质谱和高分辨透射电子显微镜等对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,Si C表面的Pd纳米颗粒分散均匀,平均粒径约为2.8 nm.在优化溶剂、碱、压力和温度等反应条件后,发现以3 mmol的K2CO3和10 m L苯甲醚分别为碱和溶剂,1.0 mmol碘苯和1.5 mmol苯硼酸在3 wt%Pd/Si C催化剂存在的条件下,在CO压力为1.0 MPa和100 oC下反应8 h即可实现羰化偶联,碘苯转化率为90%,二苯甲酮选择性为99%.并且,Pd/Si C对含有不同官能团的碘代芳烃和芳基硼酸羰化Suzuki偶联反应具有较好的普适性.同时,Pd/Si C也具有较好的稳定性,经5次循环反应后,碘苯转化率从90%降至76%;催化剂活性降低的主要原因是活性组分Pd在有机反应体系中的流失. 相似文献
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通过研究不同种类钯催化剂[Pd(dppf)2Cl2,Pd(OAc)2,Pd(PPh3)4]、碱(Na2CO3,Na HCO3,K2CO3,K3PO4,Cs2CO3,Cs F)、溶剂(DME/H2O,DMF/H2O,Dioxane/H2O)及温度(70,80,100℃)对5-溴-3-叔丁基水杨醛与吡啶-4-硼酸制备5-(4-吡啶)-3-叔丁基水杨醛化合物的Suzuki偶联反应的影响,开发出一种高效催化吸或供电子基取代的芳基硼酸与吸电子基取代的溴代芳烃的偶联反应的方法,该反应在Pd(PPh3)4,K2CO3,Dioxane/H2O(V∶V=4∶1)、80℃的条件下产率达到97%,且具有分离简单、重现性好的特征;但对供电子基取代的溴代芳烃参与的反应催化效果一般. 相似文献
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卤代苯与酚类化合物反应制取二芳基醚是现代有机合成中的一个重要反应.传统的二苯醚合成方法是铜催化卤代苯与酚类化合物的Ullmann型C-O偶联反应,但是这种方法需要苛刻的反应条件.后来,人们发现了Pd(0)和Cu(Ⅰ)基催化剂,但是前者成本较高,且需要使用昂贵的配体,因此其应用受到了限制,而铜作为一种成本较低的催化剂受到了越来越多的关注.铜催化剂可以分为均相和非均相两大类.均相铜催化剂使用的是铜盐,并且需要加入配体,成本较高,且不易分离和循环利用.非均相铜催化剂研究较多的是CuO,Cu2O及Cu纳米颗粒,其中Cu2O纳米颗粒催化剂对Ullmann型C-O偶联反应具有很高的催化活性,但是它在潮湿的空气中容易被氧化,因此需要寻找一种合适的载体防止Cu2O纳米颗粒被氧化.SiC具有优良的化学稳定性及导电导热性能,并且作为载体己经成功应用到很多热催化及光催化反应中.本文以高比表面积的SiC为载体,以二乙二醇作为溶剂和还原剂,采用传统的两步液相还原法制备了Cu2O/SiC催化剂,并通过X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和H2程序升温还原等方法对Cu2O/SiC催化剂进行了表征.SEM和TEM结果表明,Cu2O纳米颗粒均匀分散在SiC表面,同时上述表征结果都表明Cu在SiC上主要以Cu2O的形式存在.将制备的Cu2O/SiC催化剂用于催化卤代芳烃与酚类的Ullmann C-O偶联反应中.以碘苯和苯酚的Ullmann C-O偶联反应为模型实验,考察了反应温度、反应时间、溶剂、碱的种类及用量和催化剂用量等条件的影响,得到了碘苯与苯酚UllmannC-O偶联反应的最优反应条件为:卤代芳烃14 mmol,酚类14 mmol,1.0当量的Cs2CO3,Cu2O/SiC(5 wt%) 10 mg,四氢呋喃10mL,在Ar气氛下150℃反应3h.在该条件下,二苯醚收率达到97%,转化频率(TOF)高达1136 h-1.Cu2O/SiC催化剂对Ullmann C-O偶联反应具有很好的普适性,并且对Ullmann C-S偶联反应也表现出很高的活性,TOF高达1186h-1.以碘苯和苯酚的Ullmann C-O偶联反应为基准实验,对催化剂的循环稳定性进行了考察.Cu2O/SiC催化剂五次循环后二苯醚的收率从97%降低至64%,这主要是由于活性组分Cu2O的流失所致. 相似文献
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《催化学报》2017,(4)
卤代苯与酚类化合物反应制取二芳基醚是现代有机合成中的一个重要反应.传统的二苯醚合成方法是铜催化卤代苯与酚类化合物的Ullmann型C-O偶联反应,但是这种方法需要苛刻的反应条件.后来,人们发现了Pd(0)和Cu(Ⅰ)基催化剂,但是前者成本较高,且需要使用昂贵的配体,因此其应用受到了限制,而铜作为一种成本较低的催化剂受到了越来越多的关注.铜催化剂可以分为均相和非均相两大类.均相铜催化剂使用的是铜盐,并且需要加入配体,成本较高,且不易分离和循环利用.非均相铜催化剂研究较多的是CuO,Cu_2O及Cu纳米颗粒,其中Cu_2O纳米颗粒催化剂对Ullmami型C-O偶联反应具有很高的催化活性,但是它在潮湿的空气中容易被氧化,因此需要寻找一种合适的载体防止Cu_2O纳米颗粒被氧化.SiC具有优良的化学稳定性及导电导热性能,并且作为载体已经成功应用到很多热催化及光催化反应中.本文以高比表面积的SiC为载体,以二乙二醇作为溶剂和还原剂,采用传统的两步液相还原法制备了Cu_2O/SiC催化剂,并通过X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和H_2程序升温还原等方法对Cu_2O/SiC催化剂进行了表征.SEM和TEM结果表明,Cu_2O纳米颗粒均匀分散在SiC表面,同时上述表征结果都表明Cu在SiC上主要以Cu_2O的形式存在.将制备的Cu_2O/SiC催化剂用于催化卤代芳烃与酚类的Ullmami C-O偶联反应中.以碘苯和苯酚的Ullmami C-O偶联反应为模型实验,考察了反应温度、反应时间、溶剂、碱的种类及用量和催化剂用量等条件的影响,得到了碘苯与苯酚Ullmami C-O偶联反应的最优反应条件为:卤代芳烃14 mmol,酚类14 mmol,1.0当量的Cs_2CO_3,Cu_2O/SiC(5 wt%)10 mg,四氢呋喃10 mL,在Ar气氛下150℃反应3h.在该条件下,二苯醚收率达到97%,转化频率(TOF)高达1136 h~(-1).Cu_2O/SiC催化剂对Ullmann C-O偶联反应具有很好的普适性,并且对Ullmann C-S偶联反应也表现出很高的活性,TOF高达1186 h~(-1).以碘苯和苯酚的Ullmami C-O偶联反应为基准实验,对催化剂的循环稳定性进行了考察.Cu_2O/SiC催化剂五次循环后二苯醚的收率从97%降低至64%,这主要是由于活性组分Cu_2O的流失所致. 相似文献
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在甲苯溶剂中,以价廉易得的Pd2(dba)3作为催化剂,以三乙胺作为碱,在无膦体系中成功实现了碘代芳烃和端位炔烃的Sonogashira羰化偶联反应,最高收率达95%,且该催化体系具有较好的底物适应性.该研究发展了α,β-不饱和炔酮类化合物的高效合成方法. 相似文献
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用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%. 相似文献
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Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields. 相似文献
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Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction
Laurent Gavara Thomas Boisse Jean-Pierre Hénichart Adam Daïch Philippe Gautret 《Tetrahedron》2010,66(38):7544-5571
In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments. 相似文献
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The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula. 相似文献
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Rebecca J. Burton Mandy L. CrowtherNeal J. Fazakerley Shaun M. FilleryBarry M. Hayter Jason G. KettleCaroline A. McMillan Paula PerkinsPeter Robins Peter M. SmithEmma J. Williams Gail L. Wrigley 《Tetrahedron letters》2013
The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines. 相似文献
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KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields. 相似文献
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N. A. Nedolya 《Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds》2008,44(10):1165-1219
The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff
at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry
of Heterocyclic Compounds.
Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee.
Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008. 相似文献
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Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp3)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products. 相似文献
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A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL. 相似文献
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A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions. 相似文献