Non-isothermal kinetics of thermal degradation of chitin

Thermogravimetric studies of chitin in air atmosphere were carried out at six rates of linear increase of the temperature. The kinetics and mechanism of the thermal decomposition reaction were evaluated from the TG data by iso-conversional calculation procedure of Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose recommended from ICTAC kinetics committee, as well as 27 mechanism functions. The comparison of the results obtained showed that they strongly depend on the selection of proper mechanism function for the process. Therefore, it is very important to determine the most probable mechanism function. In this respect, the iso-conversion calculation procedure turned out to be the most appropriate one. In the present work, the values of the apparent activation energy E, pre-exponential factor A in Arrhenius equation, as well as the changes of entropy ΔS ^≠, enthalpy ΔH ^≠, and Gibbs free energy ΔG ^≠ for the formation of the activated complex from the reagent are calculated. All the calculations were performed using programs compiled by ourselves.     

Non-isothermal kinetics of dyeing

This paper aims to present an essay to use the non-isothermal kinetic method in order to obtain the kinetic parameters of dyeing in a certain dye-fibre system. Some limitations of the model are discussed.     

Non-isothermal kinetics of CoOOH decomposition

The non-isothermal 'kinetics of the decomposition of CoOOH powder has been studied derivatographically in a temperature range of 20–450 °C in air. The reaction proceeds in two stages: up to about 280°C with an activation energy E₁ = 38–50 kcal mol^?1 and above that temperature with E₂ = 20–25 kcal mol^?1, depending on the kinetic equations which are employed. The results have been critically discussed on the basis of certain current concepts.     

Non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of diosgenin

The thermal stability and kinetics of isothermal decomposition of diosgenin were studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The activation energy of the thermal decomposition process was determined from the analysis of TG curves by the methods of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Doyle, ?atava-?esták and Kissinger, respectively. The mechanism of thermal decomposition was determined to be Avrami-Erofeev equation (n = 1/3, n is the reaction order) with integral form G(α) = [?ln(1 ? α)]^1/3 (α = 0.10–0.80). E _a and logA [s^?1] were determined to be 44.10 kJ mol^?1 and 3.12, respectively. Moreover, the thermodynamics properties of ΔH ^≠, ΔS ^≠, and ΔG ^≠ of this reaction were 38.18 kJ mol^?1, ?199.76 J mol^?1 K^?1, and 164.36 kJ mol^?1 in the stage of thermal decomposition.     

Non-isothermal analysis of the kinetics of the combustion of carbonaceous materials

Non-isothermal thermogravimetric data were used to evaluate the Arrhenius parameters (activation energy and the pre-exponential factor) of the combustion of two carbonaceous materials, selected as diesel soot surrogates. The paper reports on the application of model-free isoconversional methods (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger methods) for evaluating the activation energy of the combustion process. On the other hand, by means of the compensation relation between E and lnA, which was established by the model-dependent Coats-Redfern method, the value of the pre-exponential factor was estimated from the known value of the model-independent activation energy.     

竹材非等温热解动力学

利用热重分析技术对竹材在高纯N2条件下,从室温至1273K进行了非等温热解分析,研究了升温速率(5、10、20和40K/min)对热解过程的影响,探讨了其热解机理。研究表明,竹材非等温热解过程主要分为失水干燥、快速热解和缓慢分解三个阶段组成,其中第二阶段是整个过程的主要阶段,析出大量挥发分造成明显失重。升温速率对热解过程有显著影响,随着升温速率的增加,最大热解速度增大,对应的峰值温度升高,热滞后现象加重,热解各阶段向高温侧移动。热解机理满足一维扩散Parabolic法则,反应机理函数为g(α)=α2。不同升温速率下活化能为75.32-82.99kJ.mol-1,指前因子为1.17×105-1.12×106min-1。     

Application of thermal analysis to study smelting reduction kinetics

A thermal analysis study on the reduction of iron oxide rich slags under different conditions is presented in this paper. The effects of important process variables such as time, temperature, lime-silica ratio, FeO level in slag etc. are discussed. It is shown that the mechanism of reduction by externally added graphite is different from that by a carbon saturated bath although the activation energy values are similar.     

Reaction kinetics by thermal analysis

The application of thermal analysis in the study of reaction kinetics and reaction mechanisms in combination with presently available powerful analytical tools, in the sphere of materials with particular reference to high energy materials is presented and discussed. Also an attempt has been made to correlate the kinetic data obtained by TA with the performance characteristics, for some important materials.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird die Anwendung der Thermoanalyse bei der Untersuchung der Reaktionskinetik und des Reaktionsmechanismus in Zusammenwirkung mit den gegenwärtig zur Verfügung stehenden leistungsfähigen analytischen Werkzeugen auf dem Gebiet von Materialien mit speziellem Bezug auf energiereiche Stoffe dargestellt Und besprochen. Es wurde auch versucht, die durch TA erhaltenen kinetischen Daten einiger wichtiger Stoffe mit deren Leistungskenndaten in Beziehung zu stellen.

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Non-isothermal thermal analysis: A critical examination of some recent theories

A critical examination is made of the theories and recommendations of MacCallum and Tanner, Prime, Draper, and Ingraham and Marier concerning the applicability of the Arrhenius equation to the kinetic analysis of data obtained by non-isothermal thermal analysis. Except for the last mentioned, these theories are found to be of questionable validity. It is suggested that a number of factors related to the experimental procedure and the assumptions made about the decomposition processes studied, require more extensive investigation before the theoretical limitations of the Arrhenius equation can be adequately assessed.     

Using thermal analysis and kinetics calculation method to assess the thermal stability of azobisdimethylvaleronitrile

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Azo compounds used in catalytic reactions often exhibit self-reactivity and high exothermicity. Severe fires and explosions can occur if the stage of...     

Non-isothermal kinetic applied to thermal decomposition of commercial alkyd varnish

Summary PHB polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) is an interesting biodegradable polymer and intensively investigated as cast and sheet films with applications in food industry or in medicine. The films obtained are typically brittle and many scientists have attempted to reduce this brittleness by blending with other polymers. PHB from Usina da Pedra was blended with PEG poly(ethyleneglycol) 300 resulting in blend 1 and blend 2. The two mixtures were melted at 200 and quenched at 0°C. TG curves showed that the thermal stability of the blends and the PHB are identical. For these blends the crystallization temperature decreased compared to the pure PHB, which is probably due to the lower nucleation density.     

Non-isothermal kinetics of dehydration of some selenite hexahydrates

The kinetics of dehydration of Al₂(SeO₃)₃·6H₂O, Ga₂(SeO₃)₃·6H₂O and In₂(SeO₃)₃·6H₂O were studied under non-isothermal heating on a derivatograph. The method of Coats-Redfern was used with different kinetics models. The values of the kinetics parameters characterizing the process were calculated. The dependencies observed were interpreted according to the generalized perturbation theory of chemical reactivity. Kinetic compensation effect was found.     

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of some aventurine decorative glaze

Thermal and structural properties of three clays (sepiolite and two kaolinites) from Turkey were studied by thermal analysis (TG–DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and surface area measurement techniques The adsorption of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) gas by these clays was also investigated. SO₂ adsorption values of K1, K2, and S clay samples were measured at 20 °C and pressures up to 106 kPa. Sepiolite sample (S) primarily consists of pure sepiolite, only dolomite present as accompanying mineral. Both kaolinite samples, K1 and K2, mainly contain kaolinite as the major clay mineral and quartz as impurity. In K2 sample, muscovite phase is also present. Simultaneous TG–DTA curves of all clay samples were obtained at three different heating rates 10, 15, and 20 °C min⁻¹ over the temperature range 30–1200 °C. It was found that the retention value of SO₂ by S clay (2.744 mmol/g) was higher than those of K1 (0.144 mmol/g) and K2 (0.164 mmol/g) samples.     

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of hot drawn polyester films

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of hot drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) films were studied using the Kissinger and Ozawa equations. The influence of the initial drawing on the crystallization kinetics was investigated. The values of the apparent activation energy and of the Avrami exponent indicates that the nucleation and growth of crystallites depend greatly on the stress submitted to the samples.