尾式亮氨酸四苯基卟啉锌与嘧啶轴配反应光谱和热力学

研究了 5 - (4′ -亮氨酸丁氧苯基 ) - 10 ,15 ,2 0 -三苯基卟啉锌 (Zn[Leu -TPP])与嘧啶 (L)在氯仿溶液中轴配反应光谱和热力学性质 .用紫外 -可见分光光度法确定了轴向配位反应体系的配位数 (n)和平衡常数K .用温度系数法求得了轴配反应的标准摩尔焓变ΔrH m 和标准摩尔熵变ΔrS m .探讨了温度对轴向配位反应反应的影响 .     

光谱法研究硝基苯基卟啉锌与咪唑类的轴向配位反应

采用紫外-可见光谱滴定法和荧光光谱法,考察了5-对硝基苯基-10,15,20-三苯基锌卟啉和5-邻硝基苯基-10,15,20-三苯基锌卟啉与3种咪唑类客体小分子进行轴向配位反应的光谱性质,并探讨取代基团在不同位置时的锌卟啉及具有不同结构特点的客体对该类轴配反应进行的影响。 实验结果表明,2种锌卟啉与咪唑类客体之间的轴配反应是按摩尔比1∶1进行,轴配反应的平衡常数均按K(2-MeIm)＞K(N-MeIm)＞K(Im)顺序依次减弱,其中5-邻硝基苯基-10,15,20-三苯基锌卟啉与2-甲基咪唑间的轴配反应有最大的平衡常数5.85×10⁵ L/mol。 轴配反应的平衡常数均随温度的升高而降低,温度升高不利于平衡反应的进行。 热力学参数表明,这类反应的驱动力是焓驱动,是自发进行的配位反应。 随客体浓度的增加,5-对硝基苯基-10,15,20-三苯基锌卟啉(荧光峰位：592.9、634.2 nm)与咪唑类客体的轴配体系具有荧光增强的效应,5-邻硝基苯基-10,15,20-三苯基锌卟啉(荧光峰位：583.6、629.8 nm)与咪唑类客体的轴配体系具有荧光猝灭的效应。 轴配体系的荧光效应是由锌卟啉中硝基基团的位置所决定的,而与客体的结构特点无关。     

堆积图——堆积模型在镧系元素萃取中的应用

目前,在萃取化学中,配位数饱和原理的应用较普遍.但是,由于它只考虑配位电子数而忽略了配体的空间因素,这一原理在 f -电子组(镧、锕系)的应用就受到了很大限制.十分关键的一个问题是:“饱和配位数”对于镧系本身就没有严格定义.在已经测定的结构中,镧系元素配合物的配位数自3变化至12,人们很难从中选一配位数作为判别依据.研究配位体对中心     

八乙基卟啉及其锌配合物的分子和晶体结构

测定了中位(meso)取代八乙基卟啉和无轴向配位卟啉锌(II)配合物的结构, 讨论了锌离子配位前后卟啉环的平面性, 并比较了有锌和无锌配位卟啉阴离子的几何构型。研究结果表明卟啉骨架的构型不仅决定于卟啉骨架中央孔穴的大小, 配位离子的尺寸和电子结构, 而且还决定于骨架上的取代基团。本文还分析了在卟啉骨架上取代硝基的几何构型以及它们在卟啉共轭效应中的作用。     

尾式缬氨酸四苯基卟啉锌(Ⅱ)与咪唑轴配反应的光谱和热力学

用金属卟啉化合物来模拟血红素、细胞色素等天然卟啉化合物的生理过程一直是配位化学重要的研究课题。人们发现 ,血红蛋白中的血红素是通过铁与组氨酸残基的侧链咪唑配位于蛋白质上 ,因此 ,人们对金属卟啉与咪唑类配体的轴向配位反应研究产生了极大兴趣 [1] 。有关取代四苯基卟啉金属配合物的合成和轴配反应热力学研究已有很多报道 ,但人们的研究尚处在对称且苯环上连有较小取代基的四苯基卟啉锌、钴、铁等模拟化合物的合成、结构表征及光谱和配位反应热力学的研究阶段 [2 -4 ]。对于结构不对称且卟啉中苯环上连有氨基酸的四苯基卟啉配合物…     

Fe/ZrO2气胶超细粒子催化剂的XAFS研究

采用XAFS方法对Fe/ZrO2气凝胶超细粒子催化剂中Fe的近邻结构进行研究。随着催化剂粒减小, Fe/ZrO2远程结构逐渐无序, Fe最近邻Fe-O配位数不变, Fe-O键长略有下降, 次近邻Fe-O配 数和键长均减小, 对于高配位层, 配位数下降更快,Fe的配位环境的影响与催化剂活性和选择性的规律有较好的关联。     

Fe/ZrO2气胶超细粒子催化剂的XAFS研究

采用XAFS方法对Fe/ZrO2气凝胶超细粒子催化剂中Fe的近邻结构进行研究。随着催化剂粒减小, Fe/ZrO2远程结构逐渐无序, Fe最近邻Fe-O配位数不变, Fe-O键长略有下降, 次近邻Fe-O配 数和键长均减小, 对于高配位层, 配位数下降更快,Fe的配位环境的影响与催化剂活性和选择性的规律有较好的关联。     

离聚体的结构表征——Ⅳ.径向分布函数法测定含氟锌离聚体的微观结构

本文报道用径向分布函数法对含氟的锌离聚体微现结构进行分析。从所测得的干涉函数、双体相关函数及径向分布函数等结构参量可知,锌离聚体的离子微区是由四配位锌氧四面体结构单元构成,配位数为4,Zn~(2+)-O键长2.24A,离子微区尺寸约为10.47A,其可能结构模式如图6所示。     

金属—血清白蛋白的结构研究（Ⅷ）：HSA和BSA中锌离子中心的…

荧光ＥＸＡＦＳ数据证实，在ＨＳＡ和ＢＳＡ中，锌离子与第一配位层原子的核间距分别为０．２０１ｊｍ和０．２０３ｎｍ，配位数近似为４，很可能为４个氮原子配位，胱氨酸硫原子参与配位的可能性基本排除。     

锌酶的计算模拟:挑战与最新进展

锌酶在人体中分布非常广泛,种类繁多,是当前最受关注的金属酶之一。由于在锌配位结构上的多样性以及Zn²⁺饱和的d轨道带来的“光谱寂静”性,导致许多实验研究手段受限。计算模拟在锌酶的研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用,已经成为不可或缺的研究工具。现代量子化学计算模拟方法,特别是被视为研究生物大分子体系非常有效的QM/MM组合方法,目前已经被广泛应用于探讨复杂多变的锌配位结构以及锌酶催化反应机理。通过在QM/MM水平下开展的分子动力学模拟,可以揭示锌酶体系中结构与功能间的相互关系。此外,分子力场方法在锌酶研究中同样发挥了不可替代的作用,由于传统力场普遍无法正确描述锌配位结构,因此,锌酶分子力场的开发具有迫切的现实意义。本文总结了近年来锌酶计算模拟领域的最新进展,提出了锌酶计算研究中还有待解决的一些问题。     

Dynamics of closure of zinc bis-porphyrin molecular tweezers with copper(II) ions and electron transfer

Zinc bis-porphyrin molecular tweezers composed of a N(4) spacer bound through pyridyl units to the meso position of porphyrins were synthesized, and the tweezers are closed by the coordination of a copper(II) ion inside the spacer ligand. The effect of the π-π interaction between the porphyrin rings in the closed conformation on the absorption spectra of multi-electron oxidized species and the reduction potentials were clarified by chemical and electrochemical oxidation of the closed form of the zinc bis-porphyrin molecular tweezers in comparison with the open form without copper(II) ion and the corresponding porphyrin monomer. The shifts in redox potentials and absorption spectrum of the porphyrin dication indicate a strong electronic interaction between the two oxidized porphyrins in the closed form, whereas there is little interaction between them in the neutral form. The dynamics of copper(II) ion coordination and subsequent electron transfer was examined by using a stopped-flow UV/Vis spectroscopic technique. It was confirmed that coordination of copper(II) occurs prior to electron-transfer oxidation of the closed form of the zinc bis-porphyrin molecular tweezers.     

Coordination number of zinc ions in the phosphotriesterase active site by molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics

We have run several molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on zinc-containing phosphotriesterase (PTE) with two bound substrates, sarin and paraoxon, and with the substrate analog diethyl 4-methylbenzylphosphonate. A standard nonbonded model was employed to treat the zinc ions with the commonly used charge of +2. In all the trajectories, we observed a tightly bound water (TBW) molecule in the active site that was coordinated to the less buried zinc ion. The phosphoryl oxygen of the substrate/inhibitor was found to be coordinated to the same zinc ion so that, considering all ligands, the less buried zinc was hexa-coordinated. The hexa-coordination of this zinc ion was not seen in the deposited X-ray pdb files for PTE. Several additional MD simulations were then performed using different charges (+1, +1.5) on the zinc ions, along with ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, to evaluate the following possibilities: the crystal diffraction data were not correctly interpreted; the hexa-coordinated zinc ion in PTE is only present in solution and not in the crystal; and the hexa-coordinated zinc ion in PTE is an artifact of the force field used. A charge of +1.5 leads to a coordination number (CN) of 5 on both zinc ions, which is consistent with the results from ab initio and DFT calculations and with the latest high resolution X-ray crystal structure. The commonly used charge of +2 produces a CN of 6 on the less buried zinc. The CN on the more buried zinc ion is 5 when the substrate/inhibitor is present in the simulation, and increases to 6 when the substrate/inhibitor is removed prior to the simulation. The results of both of the MD and quantum mechanical calculations lead to the conclusion that the zinc ions in the PTE active site are both penta-coordinated, and that the MD simulations performed with the charge of +2 overestimate the CN of the zinc ions in the PTE active site. The overall protein structures in the simulations remain unaffected by the change in zinc charge from +2 to +1.5. The results also suggest that the charge +1.5 is the most appropriate for the molecular dynamics simulations on zinc-containing PTE when a nonbonded model is used and no global thermodynamic conclusion is sought. We also show that the standard nonbonded model is not able to properly treat the CN and energy at the same time. A preliminary, promising charge-transfer model is discussed with the use of the zinc charge of +1.5.     

Intradiffusion coefficients for perchlorate ions in zinc perchlorate and zinc chloride solutions at 25°C: Comparing transport properties of zinc chloride and zinc perchlorate systems

Intradiffusion coefficients for³⁶ClO ₄ ^– have been measured in solutions of zinc perchlorate of concentration 0.1 to 3 mol dm^–3 at 25°C by the diaphragm cell technique. In addition, intradiffusion coefficients for perchlorate ions in zinc chloride solutions have been measured over a concentration range at 25°C. The results confirm previous work on the effect of complexation on diffusion in zinc chloride solutions above a salt concentration of 0.1M. The present data, together with literature data for diffusion coefficients of the other species present in the zinc perchlorate electrolyte system, have enabled a simple analysis of the hydration around the zinc ions to be carried out. This indicates that the water diffusion data are consistent with the zinc ions having an effective hydration sphere of 11 (±2) water molecules. This is in keeping with values obtained for other simple divalent electrolytes using the same model. The model is extended here to allow analysis of water diffusion in zinc chloride solutions taking into account the presence of complexed chloro-zinc species. The experimental data are consistent with the effective hydration of the chloro-zinc complexes being independent of the number of chloride ligands and equal to 18±3 over a concentration range of 0 tol mol-dm^–3. This postulate is discussed in terms of its consequences on the water ligand dynamics for the complex equilibria.     

Structurally diverse coordination compounds of zinc as effective precursors of zinc oxide nanoparticles with various morphologies

The structurally diverse coordination compounds of zinc were designed and synthesized using two types of building blocks: short‐chain carboxylate ions and hexamethylenetetraamine. They were characterized by X‐ray crystallography, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The studied compounds were used as precursors for production (via controlled thermal conversion) of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The conversion process was optimized in terms of two parameters (heating rate and maximum temperature). Such an approach, combined with proper design of the precursor structure, allows fabrication of various zinc oxide micro‐ and nanoparticles. The influence of a precursor structure and modifications of conversion parameters on size and morphology of ZnO particles were studied and discussed.     

Nanostructural analysis of mirror-bright zinc coatings

The zinc coatings electrode posited from solution containing dextrin/salicyl aldehyde mixture are examined by the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). It is shown that mirror brightness of these zinc deposits is associated with flat and mutually parallel hexagonal zinc crystals which are smooth at the atomic level. The mechanism of zinc electrodeposition with these additives is examined by the use of a possibility of STM soft-ware measurements based on root-mean-square roughness analysis of metal surfaces and known as scaling analysis. It is proposed that the zinc growth in the presence of these additives follows the Edwards-Wilkinson model. Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2006, Vol. 42, No. 10, pp. 1245–1251. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

EDTA滴定法测定再生锌原料中的锌含量

采用氟化铵-盐酸-硝酸-硫酸分解样品,氨水沉淀分离铁、锰、铅等共存元素,滤液中加入掩蔽剂掩蔽少量干扰元素,在pH=5～6的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,以二甲酚橙为指示剂,用EDTA标准滴定溶液滴定。测得结果为锌、镉合量,扣除镉量,即为锌量。方法用于测定再生锌原料中锌,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.15%～1.0%。按照实验方法对再生锌原料样品进行加标回收实验,回收率为99.1%～102%。能满足日常对再生锌原料中锌含量的检测要求。     

Contribution of individual zinc ligands to metal binding and peptide folding of zinc finger peptides

Little is known about the contribution of individual zinc-ligating amino acid residues for coupling between zinc binding and protein folding in zinc finger domains. To understand such roles of each zinc ligand, four zinc finger mutant peptides corresponding to the second zinc finger domain of Sp1 were synthesized. In the mutant peptides, glycine was substituted for one of four zinc ligands. Their metal binding and folding properties were spectroscopically characterized and compared to those of the native zinc finger peptide. In particular, the electronic charge-transfer and d-d bands of the Co(II)-substituted peptide complexes were used to examine the metal coordination number and geometry. Fluorescence emission studies revealed that the mutant peptides are capable of binding zinc despite removing one ligand. Circular dichroism results clearly showed the induction of an alpha-helix by zinc binding. In addition, the structures of certain mutant zinc finger peptides were simulated by molecular dynamics calculation. The information indicates that His23 and the hydrophobic core formed between the alpha-helix and the beta-sheet play an essential role in alpha-helix induction. This report demonstrates that each ligand does not contribute equally to alpha-helix formation and coordination geometry in the zinc finger peptide.     

New fluorescent compounds based on zinc thiocyanate: influence of structure on spectral properties

New coordination compounds based on zinc thiocyanate, namely (acetone thiosemicarbazone‐κ²N ¹,S )bis(isothiocyanato‐κN )zinc(II) monohydrate, [Zn(NCS)₂(C₄H₉N₃S)]·H₂O, (I), and diaquatetrakis(urea‐κO )zinc(II) tetrakis(isothiocyanato‐κN )zinc(II), [Zn(CH₄N₂O)₄(H₂O)₂][Zn(NCS)₄], (II), were synthesized and studied by UV–Vis, fluorescence and IR spectroscopy. Coordination salt (II) forms a rare system composed of two different coordination units of the same metal and it is the first example of a compound with two completely different zinc coordination units, of which one contains a tetrakis(urea)zinc unit. Both (I) and (II) possess fluorescence properties and produce blue and green emissions, respectively, upon irradiation with violet light. The spectral properties were correlated with the observed molecular and supramolecular structures. The acetone thiosemicarbazone ligand of (I) exhibits (upon coordination) red shifts of bands corresponding to N=C and C=S stretching vibration frequencies, which is not typical for chelating molecules.     

Crystallographic report: (4,4′‐Bipyridine)bis[bis(N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamato)zinc(II)]

The structure of [Zn(S₂CNEt₂)₂]₂(4,4′‐bipy) shows two independent dimeric molecules, one located about a centre of inversion, the other lying on a two fold axis containing the zinc atoms. Bidentate coordination by the dithiocarbamate ligands and a distorted square pyramidal geometry are found for two of zinc atoms whereas for the third zinc atom, the geometry is intermediate between square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal, a result that underscores the flexibility of coordination in these systems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

粗锌中镉的测定方法研究

样品用硝酸-盐酸分解,采用扣除背景的方式消除高含量的锌对低含量镉测定的影响。优化了镉测定的仪器条件,建立了粗锌中镉含量的测定方法。用于测定粗锌中镉,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.95%～6.3%。按照实验方法对粗锌样品进行加标回收实验,加标回收率为98.0%～102%。与ICP-AES法测定结果基本一致,能满足日常对粗锌中镉含量的测定要求。