蜗壳非轴对称性对离心压缩机内部非定常流动影响的数值研究

本文采用非定常数值模拟方法研究了蜗壳几何非轴对称性对离心压缩机内部非定常流场的影响。结果表明:流场的非定常波动主要受叶轮影响。远离蜗壳设计工况时,蜗壳非对称性的影响可传播至叶轮主叶片前缘。蜗壳非对称性对扩压器叶片压力面瞬时压力的影响在小流量和设计流量工况下主要体现叶轮主叶片与分流叶片通过频率的影响,而在大流量工况下叶轮主轴旋转频率也占一定比重。叶轮主叶片压力面的非定常压力波动主要受叶轮主轴旋转频率及其倍频与扩压器叶片通过频率及其倍频的影响。     

旋转离心叶轮与叶片扩压器间耦合流动的数值分析

以离心压气机内部动静部件耦合的非定常流场为研究对象，本文提出了动静耦合统一正命题型式，采用κ－ε紊流模型、同步计算动静耦合流场的方法，分别对下同流量工况下离心叶轮与叶片扩压器内部非定常流动进行了数值计算。计算结果与激光多普勒测量结果进行了比较：在设计工况下，离心叶轮与叶片扩压器相互匹配较好，而在非设计工况下，流道内流动趋向恶化。说明计算结果是有一定的可信度；计算结果同时说明，只有采用非定常算法，才有可能较好地描述动静部件耦合的流场。     

使用确定应力模型研究离心压气机叶片相互作用

离心压气机叶轮和扩压器叶片间空隙很小,在无叶区和半有叶区的流动非定常特性十分明显。特别是离心叶轮出口通常的射流／尾迹流动使得有叶扩压器进口在时间、空间两个尺度上都存在十分强烈的不均匀性。叶轮和扩压器叶片间的相互作用,历来都被认为是影响离心压气机效率和稳定工作范围的重要因素。本文引入确定应力模型和改进的计算域延伸方法,计算了Ｋｒａｉｎ离心压气机组的流场,着重分析了叶轮出口无叶区、半无叶区等叶片间相互作用最强烈的区域的复杂流动现象。     

离心压气机叶排间涡脱落及气流脉动行为研究

对某一带叶片扩压器跨声速离心压气机内部三维非定常流场进行了数值模拟,依据计算结果描述了叶轮叶片尾缘尾迹涡脱落行为,给出了叶轮尾缘脉动压力频谱特性图和叶轮出口位置脉动速度动能分布图。研究结果表明,主叶片与分流叶片尾缘尾迹涡脱落过程交替进行;转静干涉和转子叶片尾缘的涡脱落行为是造成叶轮尾缘气流脉动行为的主要原因,随着时间的...     

多级环境下基于非定常/定常流混合分析的叶片颤振预报方法

发展了多级叶轮机环境下应用于叶片颤振预报的非定常流/定常流混合分析方法。对于叶片颤振预报,采用了基于能量法的单向耦合方法。非定常流计算采用了高效的频域谐波方法,定常流计算采用了时间推进方法。在非定常流和定常流交界面,发展了基于滤波技术的无反射混合平面方法。本文发展的叶片颤振预报方法,忽略了叶排干涉非定常流对叶片颤振稳定性的非线性影响,但包含了多级定常基础流动效应。通过对某二级风扇的颤振预测验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于非线性谐波法的离心压气机确定应力场分析

本文采用非线性谐波法与定常计算方法,对离心压气机的内部流场进行了数值模拟,对比了时均流场与定常流场的差别,研究了离心压气机确定应力分布的特点。结果表明,采用非线性谐波方法所得到的压气机内部流场宏观结构与定常结果基本一致,但流场参数分布细节存在较明显差别,且这种差别与对应的确定应力场的分布特征吻合,验证了确定应力是引起时均流场与定常流场差别的原因。对确定应力的分布特征分析表明,离心压气机内确定应力在流向上呈现为从叶轮出口向上下游逐渐递减的趋势,在叶高方向上表现为从叶根到叶顶逐渐递增趋势;且在整体上,确定应力的空间不均匀特性在叶轮出口处最为强烈,表明离心压气机内部最强非定常效应同样位于叶轮出口。     

叶片开缝的离心风机流场研究

本文提出在离心叶轮轮盖与叶片之间开缝,使得叶片压力面侧的高压气体射流到吸力面侧的低速尾迹区,从而直接给叶轮内的低速流体提供能量,减弱了叶轮内由于二次流所导致的射流-尾迹结构,并可用于消除或解决部分负荷时常发生的离心叶轮积灰问题.对某离心风机整机的数值模拟表明,在设计流量和小流量情况下,叶轮开缝后使叶片表面分离区域减小,整个流道速度分布更为均匀,改善了叶轮内部流场的流动状况,提高了离心叶轮性能和整机性能.研究表明,本方法对于提高离心式流体机械性能是有效的.     

不同型线离心风机叶轮的性能对比研究

本文分别对采用常规单圆弧叶片和等减速叶片两种不同型线叶轮的离心风机进行了试验研究,并做了整机全工况数值模拟计算.流场分析表明:应用等减速流型设计的离心风机,其叶轮内部的流动损失小,压力梯度变化更规律,叶轮出口的射流-尾迹结构较弱,出口速度场均匀且最大速度值较低.所以,等减速流型设计的叶轮,其流动损失、扩压损失、出口混合损失以及出口截面突变损失均比较小,效率较高.     

含分流叶片离心压气机时轮内部流场全三元数值模拟

本文使用Ｓ＿１／Ｓ＿２全三元送代计算和三元Ｎ－Ｓ方程解两种方法对含有分流叶片的Ｅｃｋａｒｄ离心叶轮内部三元流场进行了数值分析，并与激光测量值进行了比较。侧重分析了叶轮内部分离流动和射流尾迹区的形成和特点。     

一个跨音风扇级转/静干扰流动的时间精确模拟

本文采用双时间步法,较为方便地将孤立叶排定常流场求解拓广为转／静干扰非定常流场时间精确求解,而且该流场时间精确求解方法收敛速度较作者最初工作有较大提高．文章通过对一跨音风扇级非定常流场时间精确模拟,对叶轮机非定常流动建立了一定理解．     

压气机级间尾迹非定常流动的分析与利用途径探索

在真实轴流压气机中,上游静子叶排尾迹经由静止/旋转两套坐标系转换,对下游转子叶排流场进口气流产生准周期性扰动.对尾迹干扰下的转子非定常流场进行数值模拟,与传统设计定常流动假设下均匀进气的流场对比分析了尾迹干扰的影响.结果表明,在适当条件下,上游静子叶排尾迹运动对下游转子分离流旋涡运动能够产生有益的影响,改善叶背分离旋涡运动与转子叶片静压分布,提高转子流动效率与压比.     

非设计工况下低比速泵叶轮内不稳定流动和湍流度试验

采用两维激光流速仪，在非设计工况下对三种泵叶轮不稳定流动和湍流度进行了测试，结果表明：叶轮内不稳定流动和湍流度受旋转和曲率及入流状态的综合影响，呈十分复杂的空间分布，偏离设计点时湍流强度和流动脉动与叶轮内流场相互关联，相对于设计工况都更要高些。     

多级离心泵内叶轮出口压力脉动研究

为研究瞬态工况下离心泵叶轮出口处的压力脉动情况,为离心泵泄漏流道流动提供边界条件,建立了包含叶轮和导叶流道的离心泵模型,基于CFD方法计算得到了其在不同工况下的性能参数,利用测试数据对结果进行了验证。分析了瞬态工况下叶轮出口处压力的变化趋势,比较了不同工况对叶轮出口压力脉动的影响,发现叶轮出口压力随叶轮旋转呈周期性变化,压力脉动频率与转速及叶轮数量有关;偏工况时叶轮出口压力脉动趋势与额定工况基本一致,但脉动频率及脉动幅值有较大区别;随离心泵转速增加,叶轮出口处压力脉动的最大值和最小值均呈减小趋势,但幅值随转速增加而增加,且增幅明显。     

Unsteady flow visualization at part-load conditions of a radial diffuser pump: by PIV and CFD

The present study provides flow visualization on complex internal flows in a radial diffuser pump under part-load conditions by using the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes code CFX-10 with Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) turbulence model. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements have been conducted to validate numerical results. The CFD results show good agreements with experimental ones on both the phase-averaged velocity fields and turbulence field. The detailed flow analysis shows that no separation occurs at 0.75Q_des although a low-velocity zone develops on the rear impeller suction side. Steady flow separations are observed on the impeller suction sides at 0.5Qdes but with different onsets and amounts. When reducing the flow rate to 0.25Q_des, CFD predicts different types of back flows in the impeller region, including steady leading edge separations, rotating vortex in the impeller wake region, and back flow on the impeller pressure side.     

离心压气机叶轮内部流动的数值研究:分流叶片的作用

本文对一台单级压比为4/1的离心压气机叶轮内部流动,进行了数值模拟的研究。计算方法基于Jameson格式,湍流模型选择Baldwin-Lomax模型。计算结果为分析叶轮流道内二次流的形成与发展,提供了详细的流动结构。通过对不同通流截面速度分布的比较,发现分流叶片可以延缓横向二次流的发展,降低叶片吸力面扩压程度,减小叶轮出口尾迹的强度与范围,对提高叶轮效率起到决定性的作用。     

压缩理想气体和实际气体的离心式叶轮流场分析

本文对压缩理想气体和实际气体的离心式叶轮作了流场分析。分析使用流线曲率法。实际气体的热力学是基于作者提出的通用状态方程和Ｓｃｈｕｌｅｓ的多变分析。对一个压缩理想气体的叶轮作了实验测量。分析结果比较表明，压缩理想气体和实际气体时叶轮中速度分布是不同的，且压缩实际气体时，叶轮出口参数不同于压缩理想气体时的计算和实测结果。     

Use of a plane jet for flow-induced noise reduction of tandem rods

Unsteady wake from upstream components of landing gear impinging on downstream components could be a strong noise source.The use of a plane jet is proposed to reduce this flow-induced noise.Tandem rods with different gap widths were utilized as the test body.Both acoustic and aerodynamic tests were conducted in order to validate this technique.Acoustic test results proved that overall noise emission from tandem rods could be lowered and tonal noise could be removed with use of the plane jet.However,when the plane jet was turned on,in some frequency range it could be the subsequent main contributor instead of tandem rods to total noise emission whilst in some frequency range rods could still be the main contributor.Moreover,aerodynamic tests fundamentally studied explanations for the noise reduction.Specifically,not only impinging speed to rods but speed and turbulence level to the top edge of the rear rod could be diminished by the upstream plane jet.Consequently,the vortex shedding induced by the rear rod was reduced,which was confirmed by the speed,Reynolds stress as well as the velocity fluctuation spectral measured in its wake.This study confirmed the potential use of a plane jet towards landing gear noise reduction.     

On the presence of spectral shortcut in the energy budget of an asymmetric jet–wake flow in a forward-curved centrifugal turbomachine as deduced from SPIV measurements

Viscous dissipation and its contribution to turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget are investigated in the asymmetric jet–wake flow of a forward-curved centrifugal turbomachine. Single-plane three-dimensional turbulent data are obtained using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV). Viscous dissipation is indirectly estimated from subgrid-scale (SGS) dissipation (SGS energy flux) by filtering velocity field using a top-hat filter. The filter scale should be within the inertial sub-range and this is ensured by spectral analysis of the measured field. Reduction of turbulent energy flux for smaller filter scales plus underestimation of viscous dissipation as compared with other TKE terms both suggest the presence of spectral shortcut. This bypass energy transfer (from intermediate scales towards dissipative scales) works in parallel with direct SGS energy transfer and affects the classical energy cascade. Analysis of TKE budget in the rotor exit region shows significant radial/circumferential variations in the contributing terms. These variations are mainly due to jet–wake–volute interactions, circumferential asymmetry of volute area and expansion of flow toward the fan outlet.     

自由射流缩流机理研究

与喷到水中的水喷流(潜喷流 submerged jet)不同,喷到大气中水的喷流(自由喷流 free jet)从喷嘴喷出后会发生缩流,然后再渐渐扩散,但这种缩流的流动机理迄今都没有被非常清楚的描述。本文对喷管喷出的射流进行了详细的非定常粘性流动解析,究明了产生缩流时准自由射流区域内压能转化为动能的机理,并用数值计算方法对自由射流的缩流直径进行了预测。     

Flow measurement in a transonic centrifugal impeller Using a PIV

Laser velocimetries, such as LDV or laser-2-focus (L2F) velocimetry, have been widely used for a flow measurement in a high-speed rotating impeller. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) is one of the popular velocity measurement techniques for the ability to measure a velocity field. And a PIV offers an extensive velocity field in an extremely shorter measurement time than the laser velocimetries. In the present experiment, a PIV was applied to a flow measurement in a transonic centrifugal impeller. A phase locked measurement technique every 20% blade pitch was performed to obtain a velocity field over one blade pitch of the inducer. The measured velocity field at the inducer of impeller clearly showed a shock wave generated on the suction surface of a blade. The validity of the present technique was also discussed.