Magnetic anisotropy of the antiferroquadrupole phase in Ce0.50La0.50B6

Magnetic phase diagrams for antiferroquadrupole (AFQ) phase II and antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase III in Ce0.50La0.50B6 with a Gamma(8) ground state have been investigated by ultrasonic measurements. The hybrid magnet (Gama) in the National Institute for Materials Science was employed for high-field measurements up to 30 T and a 3He-4He dilution refrigerator was used for low-temperature experiments down to 20 mK. The phase boundary from paramagnetic phase I to AFQ phase II under [001] magnetic fields closes at H(I-II) approximately 29 T, while the boundary is still open under fields along the [110] and [111] directions even up to 30 T. This anisotropic character of phase II in fields is consistent with the theoretical calculation based on the O(xy)-type AFQ ordering. We also found that AFM phase III reduces considerably in fields turning from the [001] to [110] and [111] directions.     

Magnetic-field induced quantum critical point in YbRh(2)Si(2)

We report low-temperature calorimetric, magnetic, and resistivity measurements on the antiferromagnetic (AF) heavy-fermion metal YbRh(2)Si(2) ( T(N)=70 mK) as a function of magnetic field B. While for fields exceeding the critical value B(c0) at which T(N)-->0 the low-temperature resistivity shows an AT2 dependence, a 1/(B-B(c0)) divergence of A(B) upon reducing B to B(c0) suggests singular scattering at the whole Fermi surface and a divergence of the heavy quasiparticle mass. The observations are interpreted in terms of a new type of quantum critical point separating a weakly AF ordered from a weakly polarized heavy Landau-Fermi liquid state.     

Interface biquadratic coupling and magnon scattering in exchange-biased ferromagnetic thin films grown on epitaxial FeF2

The magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic (FM) Ni, Co, and Fe polycrystalline thin films grown on antiferromagnetic (AF) FeF(2)(110) epitaxial layers was studied, as a function of temperature, using ferromagnetic resonance. In addition to an in-plane anisotropy in the FM induced by fluctuations in the AF short-range order, a perpendicular (biquadratic) magnetic anisotropy, with an out-of-plane component, was found which increased with decreasing temperature above the AF Neél temperature (T(N) = 78.4 K). This is a surprising result given that the AF's uniaxial anisotropy axis was in the plane of the sample, but is consistent with prior experimental and theoretical work. The resonance linewidth had a strong dependence on the direction of the external magnetic field with respect to in-plane FeF(2) crystallographic directions, consistent with interface magnon scattering due to defect-induced demagnetizing fields. Below T(N), the exchange bias field H(E) measured via FMR for the Ni sample was in good agreement with H(E) determined from magnetization measurements if the perpendicular out-of-plane anisotropy was taken into account. A low field resonance line normally observed at H ≈ 0, associated with domain formation during magnetization in ferromagnets, coincided with the exchange bias field for T < T(N), indicating domain formation with the in-plane FM magnetization perpendicular to the AF easy axis. Thus, biquadratic FM-AF coupling is important at temperatures below and above T(N).     

Pressure and field induced magnetic order in the spin liquid Tb2Ti2O7 as studied by single crystal neutron diffraction

We have studied the spin liquid Tb2Ti2O7 by single crystal neutron diffraction under high pressure up to 2.8 GPa, together with uniaxial stress, down to 0.1 K, in zero and high magnetic fields up to 7 T. In zero magnetic field, a long-range ordered antiferromagnetic structure is induced by pressure. The Néel temperature and ordered magnetic moment can be tuned by the anisotropic pressure component. Under magnetic field, the antiferromagnetic structure transforms into a canted ferromagnetic one at 0.6 T. Spin canting persists even at 7 T. The magnetic phase diagram under pressure shows a strong increase of the Néel temperature with the field.     

Entanglement detection in the mixed-spin Ising–XY model

In the present work, we initially verify anisotropy effect on the heat capacity of a mixed-three-spin(1/2,1,1/2) system(where spins(1/2,1/2) have XY interaction and spins(1,1/2) have Ising interaction together) at finite temperatures, then,the pairwise entanglement for spins(1/2,1/2), by means of negativity(as a measure of entanglement) as a function of the temperature T, homogeneous magnetic field B, and anisotropy parameter γ is investigated. In addition, we show that one can find magnetic phase transition points for the spins(1/2,1/2) at finite temperatures and understand properly their behavior with respect to the magnetic field and the anisotropy parameter, via the negativity function. An interval of the magnetic field from the negativity diagram of the spins(1/2,1/2) is presented in which quantum phase transition occurs for the tripartite mixed-three-spin system. Finally, some new interesting entanglement witnesses are introduced by using non-degenerate perturbation theory for the mixed-three-spin system.     

Magnetic ordering in semiconducting Tl0.53K0.47Fe1.64Se2 single crystals studied by M?ssbauer spectroscopy

The results of a 57Fe M?ssbauer spectroscopy study between 4.5 and 523.2 K and in external magnetic fields (up to 90 kOe) of semiconducting Tl0.53K0.47Fe1.64Se2 single crystals are reported. Evidence is provided for a possible phase separation into the magnetic majority and minority phases. It is demonstrated that the magnetic moments of the divalent Fe atoms located at the 16i site (space group I4/m) of the majority phase and of the minority phase are antiferromagnetically ordered, with the Néel temperature T(N) = 518.0(3.6) K. The magnetic moments at 5.0 K of 2.09(1) and 2.28(2) μ(B) in these two phases are tilted from the crystallographic c axis by 18(1)° and 32(2)°, respectively. The Debye temperature of Tl0.53K0.47Fe1.64Se2 is found to be 228(4) K.     

Magnetic anomalies in CeIn(2)

The magnetic behavior of binary compound CeIn(2) has been reported to be unusual in the sense that this compound appears to exhibit a first-order ferromagnetic transition at a rather high temperature of (T(C)=)22 K, which is not so common for Ce systems. In order to throw more light on the magnetic behavior of this compound, we have carried out detailed magnetization, and electrical resistivity studies as a function of temperature, magnetic field and external pressure, in addition to heat-capacity measurements. The plots of H/M versus M(2) at low fields are interestingly characterized by negative slopes, not only near T(C), but also at lower temperatures, a source of which could be attributed to magnetic-field-induced transitions at much lower temperatures. The sign of magnetoresistance tends to change from positive to negative with increasing temperature, as though there is a gradual change in the magnetic character. Finally, the magnetic ordering temperature increases with increasing pressure (until 20 kbar), as though this compound lies at the left-hand side of the peak in Doniach’s magnetic phase diagram.     

Magnetic field effect on the static antiferromagnetism of the electron-doped superconductor Pr1-xLaCexCuO4 (x=0.11 and 0.15)

Effects of magnetic fields (applied along the c axis) on static spin correlation were studied for the electron-doped superconductors Pr1-xLaCexCuO4 with x=0.11 (T(c)=25 K) and x=0.15 (T(c)=16 K) by neutron-scattering measurements. In the x=0.11 sample, which is located near the antiferromagnetic (AF) and superconducting phase boundary, a commensurate magnetic order develops below around T(c) at zero field. Upon applying a magnetic field up to 9 T both the magnetic intensity and the onset temperature of the order increase with the maximum field effect at approximately 5 T. In contrast, in the overdoped x=0.15 sample any static AF order is neither observed at zero field nor induced by the field up to 8.5 T. Difference and similarity of the field effect between the hole- and electron-doped high-T(c) cuprates are discussed.     

Magnetic order in lightly doped La2-xSrxCuO4

We study long wavelength magnetic excitations in lightly doped La2-xSrxCuO4 (x相似文献   

Influence of high magnetic fields on the low temperature heat capacity of the itinerant electron ferromagnet Sc3In

The low temperature (1.3–20 K) heat capacity of the weak itinerant electron ferromagnet Sc₃In was measured in magnetic fields up to 10 T. The measurements were made on three different samples containing 24.1, 24.3 and 24.4 at.% In with Curie temperatures at H = 0 of 5.5, 6.0 and 6.3 K, respectively. The heat capacity peak at T_c becomes smaller with increasing fields and at 9.98 T the magnetic entropies are only 11 to 19% of the zero field value. Above T_c the spin fluctuation contribution to heat capacity, which is enhanced by the magnetic field at low fields (<≈ 5 T), is quenched at high fields ( ≈ 5 T). Our results show that the spin fluctuations in Sc₃In are almost completely quenched by the magnetic fields of ≈ 10 T, and that the characteristics spin fluctuation temperature, T_s, of this itinerant electron ferromagnet is about the same as T_c.     

Novel ordering of an S = 1/2 quasi-1d Ising-like antiferromagnet in magnetic field

High-field specific heat measurements on BaCo(2)V(2)O(8), which is a good realization of an S=1/2 quasi-one-dimensional (1D) Ising-like antifferomagnet, have been performed in magnetic fields up to 12 T along the chain and at temperature down to 200 mK. We have found a new magnetic ordered state in the field-induced phase above H(c) approximately 3.9 T. We suggest that a novel type of the incommensurate order, which is caused by the quantum effect inherent in the S=1/2 quasi-1D Ising-like antiferromagnet, appears in the field-induced phase.     

The magnetic phases of NdCu2

The magnetic phase diagram of a NdCu₂ single crystal is investigated by means of specific-heat measurements and neutron diffraction as a function of temperature and external magnetic field applied along the crystallographic b-direction. In the low temperature region we observe three commensurate phases AF1, F1, and F2. Their magnetic structures all consist of ferromagnetic (bc)-planes with different stacking sequences along the a-direction comprising 5, 3 and 8 chemical unit cells, respectively. Above 2.8 T the system is in a ferromagnetically aligned state (F3). Furthermore, there is an incommensurate phase AF3 between the low temperature commensurate phases and the paramagnetic state and, in a very narrow temperature region of only 0.2 K, an intermediate phase AF2 between AF1 and AF3. The Nd-moments are oriented along the b-direction in all phases.     

Magnetic behavior of Ba3Cu3Sc4O12

The chain-like system Ba(3)Cu(3)Sc(4)O(12) has potentially interesting magnetic properties due to the presence of Cu(2+) and a structure-suggested low dimensionality. We present magnetization M versus magnetic field H and temperature T, T- and H-dependent heat-capacity C(p), (45)Sc nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), muon spin rotation (μSR), neutron diffraction measurements and electronic structure calculations for Ba(3)Cu(3)Sc(4)O(12). The onset of magnetic long-range antiferromagnetic (AF) order at T(N) ～ 16 K is consistently evidenced from the whole gamut of our data. A significant sensitivity of T(N) to the applied magnetic field H (T(N) ～ 0 K for H = 70 kOe) is also reported. Coupled with a ferromagnetic Curie-Weiss temperature (θ(CW) ～ 65 K) in the susceptibility (from a 100 to 300 K fit), it is indicative of competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. These indications are corroborated by our density functional theory based electronic structure calculations, where we find the presence of significant ferromagnetic couplings between some copper ions whereas AF couplings were present between some others. Our experimental data, backed by our theoretical calculations, rule out the one-dimensional magnetic behavior suggested by the structure and the observed long-range order is due to the presence of non-negligible magnetic interactions between adjacent as well as next-nearest chains.     

Magnetization processes in nanocrystalline gadolinium

The thermal decline in magnetization, M(T), at fixed magnetic field (H) under 'zero-field-cooled' (ZFC) and 'field-cooled' (FC) conditions, the time evolution of ZFC magnetization, M(ZFC)(t), at fixed temperature and field, M(H) hysteresis loops/isotherms, and ac susceptibility have been measured on polycrystalline Gd samples with average grain sizes of d = 12 and 18 nm. The irreversibility in magnetization, M(irr), occurring below a characteristic temperature that reduces with increasing H, is completely suppressed above a grain-size-dependent threshold field, H*. At low fields (H ≤ 100 Oe), M(irr)(T), like the coercive field, H(c)(T), exhibits a minimum at ～16 K and a broad peak at ～50 K before going to zero at T ? T(C) (Curie temperature). At fixed temperature (T < T(C)) and field (H ? H*), where M(irr) is finite, M(ZFC) has a logarithmic dependence on time. The magnetic viscosity (S) at H = 1 Oe and T ≤ 290 K is independent of the measurement time above ～2 ms but for t < 2 ms it is strongly time-dependent. S(T) peaks at T ? T(C) for H = 1 Oe. A magnetic field reduces the peak height and shifts the peak in S(T) to lower temperatures. All the above observations are put on a consistent theoretical footing within the framework of a model in which the intra-grain magnetizations overcome the energy barriers (brought about by the intra-grain and grain-boundary/interfacial magnetic anisotropies) by the thermal activation process. These field- and temperature-dependent energy barriers, that separate the high-energy metastable (ZFC) state from the stable minimum-energy (FC) state, are independent of time for t ? 2 ms and have a very broad distribution. We show that the shape anisotropy plays a decisive role in the magnetization reversal process, and that the magnetocrystalline and magnetostatic fluctuations, prevalent in the grain-boundary and interfacial regions, govern the approach-to-saturation of magnetization in nanocrystalline Gd.     

Field-induced order and spin waves in the pyrochlore antiferromagnet Tb2Ti207

High resolution time-of-flight neutron scattering measurements on Tb(2)Ti(2)0(7) reveal a rich low temperature phase diagram in the presence of a magnetic field applied along [110]. In zero field at T = 0.4 K, Tb(2)Ti(2)0(7) is a highly correlated cooperative paramagnet with disordered spins residing on a pyrochlore lattice of corner-sharing tetrahedra. Application of a small field condenses much of the magnetic diffuse scattering, characteristic of the disordered spins, into a new Bragg peak characteristic of a polarized paramagnet. At higher fields, a magnetically ordered phase is induced, which supports spin wave excitations indicative of continuous, rather than Ising-like, spin degrees of freedom.     

Magnetism and giant magnetocaloric effect in rare-earth-based compounds R_3BWO_9(R = Gd,Dy, Ho)

The magnetism and magnetocaloric effect(MCE) of rare-earth-based tungstate compounds R_3 BWO_9(R=Gd,Dy,Ho) have been studied by magnetic susceptibility,isothermal magnetization,and specific heat measurements.No obvious long-range magnetic ordering can be found down to 2 K.The Curie-Weiss fitting and magnetic susceptibilities under different applied fields reveal the existence of weak short-range antiferromagnetic couplings at low temperature in these systems.The calculations of isothermal magnetization exhibit a giant MCE with the maximum changes of magnetic entropy being 54.80 J/kg-K at 2 K for Gd_3 BWO_9,28.5 J/kg-K at 6 K for Dy_3 BWO_9,and 29.76 J/kg-K at 4 K for Ho_3 BWO_9,respectively,under a field change of 0-7 T.Especially for Gd_3 BWO_9,the maximum value of magnetic entropy change(-ΔS_M~(max)) and adiabatic temperature change(-ΔT_(ad)~(max)) are 36.75 J/kg·K and 5.56 K for a low field change of 0-3 T,indicating a promising application for low temperature magnetic refrigeration.     

Thermal studies of the spin liquid state and analog to the He melting curve in a geometrically frustrated magnet

Gadolinium gallium garnet, Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂ (GGG) has an extraordinary low-temperature phase diagram. Although the Curie–Weiss temperature of GGG is −2 K, GGG shows no long-range order down to T0.4 K. At low temperatures GGG has a spin glass phase at low fields (0.1 T), a field-induced long-range ordered antiferromagnetic state at fields of between 0.7 and 1.3 T, and, at intermediate fields, an apparent spin-liquid state without long-range order. We have characterized the intermediate field (IF) state through heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and magnetocaloric measurements. Our results show a sharp high-field phase boundary of the thermal irreversibility of the spin glass phase of GGG implying that the intermediate field phase is distinct from the spin glass. The lower field boundary of the AFM phase is shown to have distinct minimum at T0.2 K, in analogy to the minimum in the melting curve of ⁴He. The existence of such a minimum is confirmed by measurements of the latent heat of the transition below that temperature.     

Magnetic behavior of Eu(3)Ni(4)Ga(4): antiferromagnetic order and large magnetoresistance

The results of the magnetic susceptibility, isothermal magnetization, heat capacity, electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance measurements on polycrystalline Eu(3)Ni(4)Ga(4) are presented. Eu(3)Ni(4)Ga(4) forms in Na(3)Pt(4)Ge(4)-type cubic crystal structure (space group [Formula: see text]). The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of Eu(3)Ni(4)Ga(4) confirms the divalent state (Eu(2+)) of Eu ions with an effective magnetic moment μ(eff)?=?7.98?μ(B). At low fields, e.g.?at 0.01?T, a magnetic phase transition to an antiferromagnetically ordered state occurs at T(N)?=?10.9?K, which is further confirmed by the temperature dependence of the heat capacity and electrical resistivity. The field dependence of isothermal magnetization at 2?K reveals the presence of two field induced metamagnetic transitions at H(c1) and H(c2)?=?0.55 and 1.2?T, respectively and a polarized phase above H(PO)?=?1.7?T. The reduced jump in the heat capacity at the transition temperature, ΔC|(T(N))?=?13.48?J/mol-Eu?K would indicate an amplitude modulated (AM) antiferromagnetic structure. An interesting feature is that a large negative magnetoresistance, MR?=?[ρ(H)?-?ρ(0)]/ρ(0), is observed in the vicinity of magnetic transition even up to 2T(N). Similar large magnetoresistance has been observed in the paramagnetic state in some Gd and Eu based alloys and has been attributed to the magneto-polaronic effect.     

Localized excitation in the hybridization gap in YbAl3

The intermediate valence compound YbAl3 exhibits a broad magnetic excitation in the inelastic neutron scattering spectrum with characteristic energy E1 approximately 50 meV, equal to the Kondo energy (T(K) approximately 600-700 K). In the low temperature (T < T(coh) approximately 40 K) Fermi liquid state, however, a new peak in the scattering occurs at E2 approximately 33 meV, which lies in the hybridization gap that exists in this compound. We report inelastic neutron scattering results for a single-crystal sample. The scattering at energies near E1 qualitatively has the momentum (Q) dependence expected for interband scattering across the indirect gap. The scattering near E2 has a very different Q dependence: it is a weak function of Q over a large fraction of the Brillouin zone and is smallest near (1/2,1/2, 1/2). A possibility is that the peak at E2 arises from a spatially localized excitation in the hybridization gap.     

A Mössbauer effect study of Y(57Fe:Mn)12

The intermetallic compound, YMn₁₂, doped with 0.5at.%⁵⁷Fe has been investigated using the⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer resonance. The data show that the Fe impurities occupy preferentially the f-site at the expense of the i- and j-sites. Whereas the i- and j-sites are expected to carry identical local magnetic moments in the ordered state, low temperature hyperfine fields of 50.08(±0.05)T and 2.90(±0.03)T are measured for the i- and j-sites respectively. It is proposed that large transferred hyperfine fields are responsible for this disparity.