共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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本文报道过氧化丁酰(2)、过氧化己酰(3)和过氧化辛酰(4)在苯中于30~70℃的分解动力学以及4在苯中于50℃分解产物的鉴定.2~4与过氧化月桂酰(1)一样,起始浓度较低时分解动力学为一级,当过氧化物浓度高于发生诱导分解所需的最低浓度[P_0]_(cr)时为一级加二分之三级.测定了2~4的[P_0]_(cr)值,该值随分解温度升高而下降.估算了诱导分解的速率和活化焓,速率常数为10~4~10~5mol~(-1)·h~(-1)活化焓为40.9~47.7 kJ·mol~(-1),后者约为相应的酰基过氧化物自发分解的活化焓的三分之一. 相似文献
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本文对过氧化3,5,5-三甲基己酰(1)在30,40,50℃苯中的分解动力学、笼效应、分解主要产物及用galvinoxyl(3)捕获的产物进行了测定。结果表明,当起始浓度在0.04到0.43mol.L~(-1)范围内时,1在苯中的分解符合一级加二分之三级动力学;笼效应为0.6;也基本上符合作者以前提出的过氧化月桂酰(2)在苯中的分解机理。与2相比,1在同样温度下的自发分解有较大的速率、较大的笼效应以及较少的诱导分解,这应归因于1分子内的枝化,尤其是β-甲基的存在,引起的分解反应物与过渡态之间的较大熵增。 相似文献
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过氧化月桂酰(1)在苯中50℃分解的主要产物经鉴定为廿二烷、十一烷(烯)、正十二酸十一酯、十二酸及十一烷基苯等.其中廿二烷及酯的生成量不受1的起始浓度的变化及加入的捕获剂galvinoxyl(2)的影响,表明为笼反应产物.十一烷、十二酸及十一烷基苯的生成量随1的起始浓度的变化而有不同程度的变化.加入2后十一烷的量显著减少;十一烷基苯基本消失.有2存在时,1在苯中分解而得到的捕获产物经水解后生成3,5-二叔厂基-4-羟基苯甲醛(3)和2,6-二叔丁基-4-十一烷基苯酚(4).这些结果表明,诱导分解由十一烷基对溶剂分子加成而形成的十一烷基环己二烯自由基所引起,该自由基的偶合和歧化为主要链终止方式.结合动力学实验结果,提出1在苯中分解反应的机理. 相似文献
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测定了过氧化月桂酰(1),过氧化辛酰(2),过氧化己酰(3)和过氧化3,5,5-三甲基己酰(4)在热分解过程中生成的羧基转化产物[RC(O)OC(O)OR,R=正十一烷基(5),正庚基(6),正戊基(7),2,4,4-三甲基戊基(8)]的含。在同样条件小,4生成的羧基转化产物比1,2和3的多。羧基转化反应受溶剂极性和粘度的影响,但温度的影响较小。转化产物的分解受体系中相应脂肪酸的催化。直接光照可生成少量转化产物,二苯酮光敏化不产生羧基转化产物,文中对反应机理进行了讨论。 相似文献
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金属离子与卟啉的嵌入反应动力学研究 4: Cu(II)Tβ-N-EAESPyP^4^+生成反应中的动力学盐效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在不同离子强度的高氯酸钠水溶液中, 用分光光度法测量自由卟啉H2Ts-n-EAESPyPBr4(简记为H2P^4^+)与Cu(II)离子的配位反应动力学, 探讨高氯酸钠对Cu(II)离子嵌入自由卟啉反应的催化本质。在给定条件下, 高氯酸根与自由卟啉的缔合数n为1; 缔合平衡常数Ko=3.70±0.42dm^3.mol^-^1。配位反应实验动力学方程为d[Cu(II)P^4^+/dt=5.55×10^5γCu^2^+γH2P^4^+γ^8ClO4^-[ClO4^-]^3[Cu^2^+][H2P]总/(1.00+10^2^.^0^2{H^+}+10^4^.^3^6{H^+}^2, 反应的活化能E=53.30kJ.mol^-^1,活化焓变△H≠=50.31kJ.mol^-^1, 活化熵变△S≠=-77.65J.mol^-^1.K^-^1。提出了金属卟啉生成反应中的ClO4^-催化卟啉环变形的反应机理。 相似文献
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在不同离子强度的高氯酸钠水溶液中, 用分光光度法测量自由卟啉H2Ts-n-EAESPyPBr4(简记为H2P^4^+)与Cu(II)离子的配位反应动力学, 探讨高氯酸钠对Cu(II)离子嵌入自由卟啉反应的催化本质。在给定条件下, 高氯酸根与自由卟啉的缔合数n为1; 缔合平衡常数Ko=3.70±0.42dm^3.mol^-^1。配位反应实验动力学方程为d[Cu(II)P^4^+/dt=5.55×10^5γCu^2^+γH2P^4^+γ^8ClO4^-[ClO4^-]^3[Cu^2^+][H2P]总/(1.00+10^2^.^0^2{H^+}+10^4^.^3^6{H^+}^2, 反应的活化能E=53.30kJ.mol^-^1,活化焓变△H≠=50.31kJ.mol^-^1, 活化熵变△S≠=-77.65J.mol^-^1.K^-^1。提出了金属卟啉生成反应中的ClO4^-催化卟啉环变形的反应机理。 相似文献
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The kinetics of decomposition of 3, 5, 5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide (1) in benzene has been studied at 30, 40 and 50`C and the cage effect of decomposition has been determined by scavenging method. The relative amounts of the main products of decomposition of 1 at 50`C with change of initial concentration have been determined. The results showed that the decomposition of 1 followed first plus three halves order kinetics as reported for lauroyl peroxide (2), but had a larger cage effect of 0.6. The mechanism of decomposition of 1 is practically the same as what we have proposed for 2. The faster rate and larger cage effect but less induced decomposition of 1 than that of 2 are attributed to the branching of the molecule of 1, especially to the presence of β-methyl group, which causes a larger entropy increase in the transition state. 相似文献
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程序升温分解对PEEK热分解动力学及其机理的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文以程序升温分解法为主要手段,讨论了PEEK的热分解动力学特征,计算了热分解动力学参数;并辅以红外光谱法,探讨了PEEK样品的热分解交联机理。结果发现:PEEK的热分解并不是简单过程,而是分三个阶段进行;相应阶段的活化能分别为296.0kJ/mol,123.7kJ/mol,153.4kJ/mol,反应级数均为一级;第一阶段与第二阶段具有连串反应的动力学特征,而第二阶段与第三阶段具有平行反应的动力学特征。PEEK的热分解由芳醚键的断裂开始,形成自由基,尔后同时发生分解和交联过程,形成小分子化合物及交联结构。 相似文献
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本文将胶束液相色谱用于α-BW~12O~40^5-溶液中降解反应的研究。首次发现α-BW~12O~40^5-降解存在两个过程。第一步为α-BW~12O~40^5-向其异构体转化的快速平衡反应, 第二步为该异构体的缓慢降解。实验测定了杂多酸离子浓度、pH值、无机盐逍度、温度对降解反应的影响, 得到第一步反应的平衡表达式和第二步反应的速率方程式, 推断了α-BW~12O~40^5-降解反应的机理。 相似文献
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Zhen-li Qi Duan-feng Zhang Fei-xiong Chen Jun-yan Miao Bao-zeng Ren 《Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Focus on Chemistry》2014,88(13):2308-2313
The thermal stability and kinetics of isothermal decomposition of carbamazepine were studied under isothermal conditions by thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at three heating rates. Particularly, transformation of crystal forms occurs at 153.75°C. The activation energy of this thermal decomposition process was calculated from the analysis of TG curves by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Doyle, distributed activation energy model, ?atava-?esták and Kissinger methods. There were two different stages of thermal decomposition process. For the first stage, E and logA [s?1] were determined to be 42.51 kJ mol?1 and 3.45, respectively. In the second stage, E and logA [s?1] were 47.75 kJ mol?1 and 3.80. The mechanism of thermal decomposition was Avrami-Erofeev (the reaction order, n = 1/3), with integral form G(α) = [?ln(1 ? α)]1/3 (α = ~0.1–0.8) in the first stage and Avrami-Erofeev (the reaction order, n = 1) with integral form G(α) = ?ln(1 ? α) (α = ~0.9–0.99) in the second stage. Moreover, ΔH ≠, ΔS ≠, ΔG ≠ values were 37.84 kJ mol?1, ?192.41 J mol?1 K?1, 146.32 kJ mol?1 and 42.68 kJ mol?1, ?186.41 J mol?1 K?1, 156.26 kJ mol?1 for the first and second stage, respectively. 相似文献
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While the decomposition kinetics of the benzyl radical has been studied in depth both from the experimental and the theoretical standpoint, much less is known about the reactivity of what is likely to be its main decomposition product, fulvenallene. In this work the high temperature reactivity of fulvenallene was investigated on a Potential Energy Surface (PES) consisting of 10 wells interconnected through 11 transition states using a 1 D Master Equation (ME). Rate constants were calculated using RRKM theory and the ME was integrated using a stochastic kinetic Monte Carlo code. It was found that two main decomposition channels are possible, the first is active on the singlet PES and leads to the formation of the fulvenallenyl radical and atomic hydrogen. The second requires intersystem crossing to the triplet PES and leads to acetylene and cyclopentadienylidene. ME simulations were performed calculating the microcanonical intersystem crossing frequency using Landau-Zener theory convoluting the crossing probability with RRKM rates evaluated at the conical intersection. It was found that the reaction channel leading to the cyclopentadienylidene diradical is only slightly faster than that leading to the fulvenallenyl radical, so that it can be concluded that both reactions are likely to be active in the investigated temperature (1500-2000 K) and pressure (0.05-50 bar) ranges. However, the simulations show that intersystem crossing is rate limiting for the first reaction channel, as the removal of this barrier leads to an increase of the rate constant by a factor of 2-3. Channel specific rate constants are reported as a function of temperature and pressure. 相似文献