A Morita equivalence theorem for Hecke algebra ℋq(Dn) when n is even

 In this paper we prove a Morita equivalence theorem for Hecke algebras of type D _n when n is even, which generalize a similar result obtained by C. Pallikaros ([P, (3.7)]) when n is odd. As a consequence, we construct all the irreducible ℋ _q (D _n )-modules when f _n (q)≠ 0 (see [P, (2.12)] for definition of f _n (q)) and show that ℋ _q (D _n ) is split in this case. Received: 19 February 2001 / Revised version: 26 January 2002     

On simple modules of Hecke algebras of type Dn

This is a continuation of our previous work. We classify all the simple ?_q(D _n )-modules via an automorphismh defined on the set { λ | D^λ ≠ 0}. Whenf _n(q) ≠ 0, this yields a classification of all the simple ? ^q (D _n)- modules for arbitrary n. In general ( i. e., q arbitrary), if λ⁽¹⁾ = λ⁽²⁾,wegivea necessary and sufficient condition ( in terms of some polynomials ) to ensure that the irreducible ?_q,1(B _n )- module D^λ remains irreducible on restriction to ?_q(D _n ).     

Random matrix products and applications to cellular automata

Let λ be the upper Lyapunov exponent corresponding to a product of i.i.d. randomm×m matrices (X _i) _i ^0/∞ over ℂ. Assume that theX _i's are chosen from a finite set {D ₀,D ₁...,D _t-1(ℂ), withP(X _i=D_j)>0, and that the monoid generated byD ₀, D₁,…, D_q−1 contains a matrix of rank 1. We obtain an explicit formula for λ as a sum of a convergent series. We also consider the case where theX _i's are chosen according to a Markov process and thus generalize a result of Lima and Rahibe [22]. Our results on λ enable us to provide an approximation for the numberN _≠0(F(x)ⁿ,r) of nonzero coefficients inF(x) ⁿ.(modr), whereF(x) ∈ ℤ[x] andr≥2. We prove the existence of and supply a formula for a constant α (<1) such thatN _≠0(F(x)ⁿ,r) ≈n ^α for “almost” everyn. Supported in part by FWF Project P16004-N05     

Adjacency Preserving Bijection Maps of Hermitian Matrices over any Division Ring with an Involution

Let D be any division ring with an involution,Hn （D） be the space of all n × n hermitian matrices over D. Two hermitian matrices A and B are said to be adjacent if rank（A - B） = 1. It is proved that if φ is a bijective map from Hn（D）（n ≥ 2） to itself such that φ preserves the adjacency, then φ^-1 also preserves the adjacency. Moreover, if Hn（D） ≠J3（F2）, then φ preserves the arithmetic distance. Thus, an open problem posed by Wan Zhe-Xian is answered for geometry of symmetric and hermitian matrices.     

Certain asymptotic expansions for laguerre polynomials and Charlier polynomials

Here proposed are certain asympotic expansion formulas for L _n ^(∞-1) (λz) and C _n ^(∞) (λz) in which 0<w=0(λ) and C_n/(^w)(λz), z being a complex number. Also presented are certain estimates for the remainders (error bounds) of the asymptotic expansions within the regions D₁(-∞<R_ez<=1/2(ω/λ) and D₂(1/2(ω/λ)<=Re_z<∞), respectively. Supported by NSERC (Canada) and also by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Maximum degree and fractional matchings in uniform hypergraphs

Let ℋ be a family ofr-subsets of a finite setX. SetD(ℋ)= |{E:x∈E∈ℋ}|, (maximum degree). We say that ℋ is intersecting if for anyH,H′ ∈ ℋ we haveH ∩H′ ≠ 0. In this case, obviously,D(ℋ)≧|ℋ|/r. According to a well-known conjectureD(ℋ)≧|ℋ|/(r−1+1/r). We prove a slightly stronger result. Let ℋ be anr-uniform, intersecting hypergraph. Then either it is a projective plane of orderr−1, consequentlyD(ℋ)=|ℋ|/(r−1+1/r), orD(ℋ)≧|ℋ|/(r−1). This is a corollary to a more general theorem on not necessarily intersecting hypergraphs.     

Zeros in Tables of Characters for the Groups <Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis><Subscript>n</Subscript> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis><Subscript>n</Subscript>. II

Let P(n) be the set of all partitions of a natural number n. In the representation theory of symmetric groups, for every partition α ∈ P(n), the partition h(α) ∈ P(n) is defined so as to produce a certain set of zeros in the character table for S_n. Previously, the analog f(α) of h(α) was obtained pointing out an extra set of zeros in the table mentioned. Namely, h(α) is greatest (under the lexicographic ordering ≤) of the partitions β of n such that χ^α(g_β) ≠ 0, and f(α) is greatest of the partitions γ of n that are opposite in sign to h(α) and are such that χ^α(g_γ) ≠ 0, where χ^α is an irreducible character of S_n, indexed by α, and g_β is an element in the conjugacy class of S_n, indexed by β. For α ∈ P(n), under some natural restrictions, here, we construct new partitions h′(α) and f′(α) of n possessing the following properties. (A) Let α ∈ P(n) and n ⩾ 3. Then h′(α) is identical is sign to h(α), χ^α(g_h′(α)) ≠ 0, but χ^α(g_γ) = 0 for all γ ∈ P(n) such that the sign of γ coincides with one of h(α), and h′(α) < γ < h(α). (B) Let α ∈ P(n), α ≠ α′, and n ⩾ 4. Then f′(α) is identical in sign to f(α), χ^α(g_f′(α)) ≠ 0, but χ^α(g_γ) = 0 for all γ ∈ P(n) such that the sign of γ coincides with one of f(α), and f′(α) < γ < f(α). The results obtained are then applied to study pairs of semiproportional irreducible characters in A_n. Supported by RFBR grant No. 04-01-00463. __________ Translated from Algebra i Logika, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 643–663, November–December, 2005.     

Parity patterns associated with lifts of Hecke groups

Let q be an odd prime, m a positive integer, and let Γ _m (q) be the group generated by two elements x and y subject to the relations x ^2m =y ^qm =1 and x ²=y ^q ; that is, Γ _m (q) is the free product of two cyclic groups of orders 2m respectively qm, amalgamated along their subgroups of order m. Our main result determines the parity behaviour of the generalized subgroup numbers of Γ _m (q) which were defined in Müller (Adv. Math. 153:118–154, 2000), and which count all the homomorphisms of index n subgroups of Γ _m (q) into a given finite group H, in the case when gcd (m,| H |)=1. This computation depends upon the solution of three counting problems in the Hecke group ℋ(q)=C ₂*C _q : (i) determination of the parity of the subgroup numbers of ℋ(q); (ii) determination of the parity of the number of index n subgroups of ℋ(q) which are isomorphic to a free product of copies of C ₂ and of C _∞; (iii) determination of the parity of the number of index n subgroups in ℋ(q) which are isomorphic to a free product of copies of C _q . The first problem has already been solved in Müller (Groups: Topological, Combinatorial and Arithmetic Aspects, LMS Lecture Notes Series, vol. 311, pp. 327–374, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004). The bulk of our paper deals with the solution of Problems (ii) and (iii). Research of C. Krattenthaler partially supported by the Austrian Science Foundation FWF, grant S9607-N13, in the framework of the National Research Network “Analytic Combinatorics and Probabilistic Number Theory”.     

Extremal probabilities for Gaussian quadratic forms

 Denote by Q an arbitrary positive semidefinite quadratic form in centered Gaussian random variables such that E(Q)=1. We prove that for an arbitrary x>0, inf _Q P(Q≤x)=P(χ² _n /n≤x), where χ _n ² is a chi-square distributed rv with n=n(x) degrees of freedom, n(x) is a non-increasing function of x, n=1 iff x>x(1)=1.5364…, n=2 iff x[x(2),x(1)], where x(2)=1.2989…, etc., n(x)≤rank(Q). A similar statement is not true for the supremum: if 1<x<2 and Z ₁ ,Z ₂ are independent standard Gaussian rv's, then sup_0≤λ≤1/2 P{λZ ₁ ² +(1−λ)Z ₂ ² ≤x} is taken not at λ=0 or at λ=1/2 but at 0<λ=λ(x)<1/2, where λ(x) is a continuous, increasing function from λ(1)=0 to λ(2)=1/2, e.g. λ(1.5)=.15…. Applications of our theorems include asymptotic quantiles of U and V-statistics, signal detection, and stochastic orderings of integrals of squared Gaussian processes. Received: 24 June 2002 / Revised version: 26 January 2003 Published online: 15 April 2003 Research supported by NSA Grant MDA904-02-1-0091 Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): Primary 60E15, 60G15; Secondary 62G10     

Tensor products and dimensions of simple modules for symmetric groups

LetK be an algebraically closed field of characteristic,p>0 and letD ^λ be the simple modules of the symmetric groupS _r overK where λ is a p-regular partition ofr. The dimensions ofD ^λ for λ with at mostn parts are the same as the multiplicities of direct summands ofD ^⊗r whereE is the natural module for the groupGL _n (K). Whenn=2 we determine generating functions for these multiplicities and hence for the dimensions ofD ^λ for all partitions λ with two parts. These can be expressed as rational functions of Chebyshev polynomials; and we obtain explicit formulae for the coefficients.     

The Maximal Operator Associated to a Nonsymmetric Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Semigroup

Let (ℋ _t ) _t≥0 be the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck semigroup on ℝ ^d with covariance matrix I and drift matrix λ(R−I), where λ>0 and R is a skew-adjoint matrix, and denote by γ _∞ the invariant measure for (ℋ _t ) _t≥0. Semigroups of this form are the basic building blocks of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck semigroups which are normal on L ²(γ _∞). We prove that if the matrix R generates a one-parameter group of periodic rotations, then the maximal operator ℋ_* f(x)=sup  _t≥o |ℋ _t f(x)| is of weak type 1 with respect to the invariant measure γ _∞. We also prove that the maximal operator associated to an arbitrary normal Ornstein–Uhlenbeck semigroup is bounded on L ^p (γ _∞) if and only if 1<p≤∞.      

Life span of solutions of a weakly coupled parabolic system

We consider the Cauchy problem for the weakly coupled parabolic system ∂ _t w _λ−Δ w _λ = F(w _λ) in R ^N , where λ > 0, w _λ = (u _λ, v _λ), F(w _λ) = (v _λ ^p , u _λ ^q ) for some p, q ≥ 1, pq > 1, and w_l(0) = (lj₁, l^\fracq+1p+1j₂)w_{\lambda}(0) = ({\lambda}{\varphi}_1, {\lambda}^{\frac{q+1}{p+1}}{\varphi}_2), for some nonnegative functions φ₁, φ₂ ?\in C ₀(R ^N ). If (p, q) is sub-critical or either φ₁ or φ₂ has slow decay at ∞, w _λ blows up for all λ > 0. Under these conditions, we study the blowup of w _λ for λ small.     

On m-regular systems on ℋ(5,q 2)

The notion of m-regular system on the Hermitian variety ℋ(n,q ²) was introduced by B. Segre (Ann. Math. Pura Appl. 70:1–201, 1965). Here, three infinite families of hemisystems on ℋ(5,q ²), q odd, are constructed.     

Compactness of the complex Green operator on CR-manifolds of hypersurface type

The purpose of this article is to study compactness of the complex Green operator on CR manifolds of hypersurface type. We introduce (CR-P _q ), a potential theoretic condition on (0, q)-forms that generalizes Catlin’s property (P _q ) to CR manifolds of arbitrary codimension. We prove that if an embedded CR-manifold of hypersurface type of real dimension at least five satisfies (CR-P _q ) and (CR-P _n-1-q ), then the complex Green operator is a compact operator on the Sobolev spaces H^s_0,q(M){H^s_{0,q}(M)} and H^s_0,n-1-q(M){H^s_{0,n-1-q}(M)} , if 1 ≤  q ≤  n−2 and s ≥  0. We use CR-plurisubharmonic functions to build a microlocal norm that controls the totally real direction of the tangent bundle.     

A congruence for the Fourier coefficients of a modular form and its application to quadratic forms

Let F(z)=∑ _n=1^∞ A(n)q ⁿ denote the unique weight 6 normalized cuspidal eigenform on Γ₀(4). We prove that A(p)≡0,2,−1(mod 11) when p≠11 is a prime. We then use this congruence to give an application to the number of representations of an integer by quadratic form of level 4.      

Counting models in universal Horn classes

Definen _K (λ) to be either ω, or the number of non-isomorphic models inK having cardinality α, whichever cardinal is larger. This paper contains a proof that for a congruence modular variety ⋎ of algebras of countable similarity type, there are only six possible functionsn _⋎. It is also proved that ifn _K (λ)≠2^λ for some λ, andK is a universal Horn class of models for a countable language, thenK must satisfy two conditions, one of which is quite restrictive and requires that the members ofK are all in a certain sense Abelian. Presented by B. Jonsson.     

Invariant sets for a class of perturbed differential equations of retarded type

LetX be a Banach space and leta, b, q be real numbers such thata<b,q>0. Denote byD a locally closed subset ofX. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a mild solutionu∈C([a−q, b ₁],X),a<b ₁<b, to the differential equationdu(t)/dt=Au(t)+f(t, u _t), such thatu:[a,b ₁]→D, u _a=ϕ is given. The linear operatorA is the generator of aC ₀ semigroupT(t), t≧0, withT(t) compact fort>0,f: [a, b)×C([−q,0],D _λ)→X is continuous and ϕ∈C([−q,0],D _λ) with ϕ(0)∈D. D _λ is a neighbourhood ofD. Applications to parabolic partial differential equations with retarded argument are given.     

Life span of solutions of a weakly coupled parabolic system

We consider the Cauchy problem for the weakly coupled parabolic system ∂ _t w _λ−Δ w _λ = F(w _λ) in R ^N , where λ > 0, w _λ = (u _λ, v _λ), F(w _λ) = (v _λ ^p , u _λ ^q ) for some p, q ≥ 1, pq > 1, and , for some nonnegative functions φ₁, φ₂ C ₀(R ^N ). If (p, q) is sub-critical or either φ₁ or φ₂ has slow decay at ∞, w _λ blows up for all λ > 0. Under these conditions, we study the blowup of w _λ for λ small.      

Strongly approximative similarity of operators

Two operators A, B ∈ B（H） are said to be strongly approximatively similar, denoted by A -sas B, if （i） given ε 〉 0, there exist Ki ∈ B（H） compact with ｜｜Ki｜｜ 〈ε（i = 1,2） such that A＋K1 and B ＋ K2 are similar; （ii） σ0（A） = σ0（B） and dim H（λ; A） = dim H（λ; B） for each λ ∈ σ0（A）. In this paper, we prove the following result. Let S,T ∈ B（H） be quasitriangular satisfying： （i） σ（T） = σ（S） = σw（S） is connected and σe（S） = σlre（S）; （ii） ρs-F（S） ∩ σ（S） consists of at most finite components and each component Ω satisfies that Ω = int Ω, where int Ω is the interior of Ω. Then, S -sas T if and only if S and T are essentially similar.     

A trace formula for hecke operators on L2(S2) and modular forms on Γ0(4)

To any finite symmetric subsetR ⊂ O₃ corresponds a Hecke operatorT _R on L²(S ²) which leaves the eigenspaces ℋ_n (n ≥ 0) of the Laplacian invariant. We compute the trace ofT _R | ℋ_n and prove that the sum of the positive eigenvalues ofT _R on ⊕_k=0 ^n-1ℋ_k prevails over the modulus of the sum of the negative eigenvalues. For anym ∈ ℕ the integral quaternions of normm define such a Hecke operator , and renormalizing the traces ofT _{R m} | ℋ _n slightly, we obtain sequences of Fourier coefficients of modular forms on Γ₀(4). Dedicated to R. Remmert on the occasion of his seventieth birthday