ALE动网格法在流固耦合数值模拟中的应用

为了解决流固耦合问题中的物体大幅度运动带来的困难,采用ALE(Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler)动网格方法跟踪自由表面上浮体的运动.计算表明:浮体在无粘流体中的垂荡与弹簧-物体的振动模型理论解符合得较好;浮体在粘性流体中的自由横摇为阻尼运动,其横摇角度随时间的增加而减小,且在不同初始角度下运动系统的固有周期相当.在有外力力矩激励时,外力力矩的周期与系统的固有周期相当时浮体横摇运动趋于共振状态,运动幅度最大.计算结果验证了计算程序的可靠性与精度.本文方法为ALE方法应用于流体-多浮体耦合运动分析奠定了基础.     

耦合船体横摇的减摇水舱流体运动和减摇效果预测

减摇水舱用于减小船体的横摇运动。由于水舱内部结构复杂,导致流体晃荡呈非线性。为了降低预测水舱特性和减摇效果的难度,采用计算流体力学VOF模型来分析水舱中流体的晃荡,在时域内,运用数值方法完成船体非线性横摇运动的实时仿真,其中耦合了水舱中流体和船体的运动。船体随机横摇时,进行水舱流体流量和力矩的功率谱分析,得到减摇频率范围及减摇前后的效果。结果表明,在其减摇频率范围内,减摇水舱具有良好的减摇能力,验证了此方法的可行性。     

耦合船体横摇的减摇水舱流体运动和减摇效果预测Fluid motion and stabilization effect prediction of anti-rolling tank coupled ship rolling

减摇水舱用于减小船体的横摇运动。由于水舱内部结构复杂,导致流体晃荡呈非线性。为了降低预测水舱特性和减摇效果的难度,采用计算流体力学VOF模型来分析水舱中流体的晃荡,在时域内,运用数值方法完成船体非线性横摇运动的实时仿真,其中耦合了水舱中流体和船体的运动。船体随机横摇时,进行水舱流体流量和力矩的功率谱分析,得到减摇频率范围及减摇前后的效果。结果表明,在其减摇频率范围内,减摇水舱具有良好的减摇能力,验证了此方法的可行性。     

船舶甲板上浪的非线性横摇响应

考虑甲板上浪引起的横倾力矩、非线性阻尼和非线性恢复力矩,建立了规则横浪中船舶横摇运动方程;基于伯努利方程,推导了船舶甲板上浪水质量的计算公式.以66.01米长的拖网渔船为例,计算了不同波浪扰动力矩作用下的横摇响应,并构造了响应的分岔图和庞加莱截面.结果表明:甲板上浪后船舶横摇运动包括混沌运动和周期二、周期三、周期四等多周期运动;随着波浪扰动力矩幅值的增大,横摇响应发生从周期运动到混沌运动或从混沌运动到周期运动的阵发性分岔、正向及反向倍周期分岔.     

索-梁耦合系统解的稳定性分析

研究了在惯性参考系中弹性斜拉索与悬臂梁耦合结构的非线性动力学问题,利用Hamilton原理建立了索-梁耦合系统的非线性动力学方程,利用Galerkin方法将索-梁耦合系统的非线性运动偏微分方程离散为一组常微分方程,然后利用多尺度法分析研究索-梁耦合动力学系统的非线性振动,对耦合系统解的稳定性进行了分析,用Runge-Kutta法对数学模型进行数值计算,并提出对工程有实际意义的结论.     

滚装船-滑动车辆浮基多体系统的横摇研究

波浪和内部滑动车辆共同作用,使滚装船的横摇加剧。这是许多滚装船发生倾覆的重要原因之一。本文对由滚装船和滑动车辆组成的浮基多体系统中,取滚装船的横摇角和车辆在甲板上的横向位移为此系统的两个自由度。考虑非线性恢复力矩和非线性阻尼力矩的影响,运用浮基多体系统动力学方法,建立了系统的动力学方程。以某型海峡滚装渡轮为例,对在若干车辆同步滑动和波浪共同作用下的滚装船非线性横摇响应和车辆位移响应进行了数值计算,并与线性响应进行了比较,得出了考虑非线性时横摇角显著偏大的结论。     

NON-CONSERVATIVE NONLINEAR RIGID-ELASTIC-LIQUID- CONTROL COUPLING ANALYTICAL DYNAMICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS$^{\bf 1)}$

非保守非线性刚-弹-液-控耦合分析动力学是与航天动力学和多体动力学相关的重要研究课题之一, 研究这一理论和应用课题具有重要理论意义和实际应用价值. 本研究建立了非保守非线性两类变量的刚-弹-液-控耦合分析动力学的Hamilton型拟变分原理, 并以该Hamilton型拟变分原理的泛函为依据, 分析了刚-弹-液-控耦合中的刚-弹耦合、刚-液耦合与弹-液耦合、控-刚耦合的特点. 借助于Lagrange-Hamilton体系, 从Hamilton型拟变分原理出发推导出非保守非线性刚-弹-液-控耦合系统的Lagrange方程, 并应用该Lagrange方程推导出系统的控制方程. 进一步以该控制方程为依据, 分析了刚-弹-液-控耦合中的刚-弹耦合、刚-液耦合与弹-液耦合、控-刚耦合的机理. 从两个方面概要地研究了非保守非线性刚-弹-液-控耦合系统的Lagrange方程的应用: 一方面, 应用该Lagrange方程建立了相应的有限元计算模型, 分析了这类计算模型的优越性; 另一方面, 应用系统的控制方程对实际问题进行解析的分析讨论, 说明了应用解析的分析讨论来研究问题与应用数值的、定量的分析方法来研究问题的互补特性. 最后, 讨论了几个相关的问题.     

非保守非线性刚-弹-液-控耦合分析动力学及其应用研究

非保守非线性刚-弹-液-控耦合分析动力学是与航天动力学和多体动力学相关的重要研究课题之一, 研究这一理论和应用课题具有重要理论意义和实际应用价值. 本研究建立了非保守非线性两类变量的刚-弹-液-控耦合分析动力学的Hamilton型拟变分原理, 并以该Hamilton型拟变分原理的泛函为依据, 分析了刚-弹-液-控耦合中的刚-弹耦合、刚-液耦合与弹-液耦合、控-刚耦合的特点. 借助于Lagrange-Hamilton体系, 从Hamilton型拟变分原理出发推导出非保守非线性刚-弹-液-控耦合系统的Lagrange方程, 并应用该Lagrange方程推导出系统的控制方程. 进一步以该控制方程为依据, 分析了刚-弹-液-控耦合中的刚-弹耦合、刚-液耦合与弹-液耦合、控-刚耦合的机理. 从两个方面概要地研究了非保守非线性刚-弹-液-控耦合系统的Lagrange方程的应用: 一方面, 应用该Lagrange方程建立了相应的有限元计算模型, 分析了这类计算模型的优越性; 另一方面, 应用系统的控制方程对实际问题进行解析的分析讨论, 说明了应用解析的分析讨论来研究问题与应用数值的、定量的分析方法来研究问题的互补特性. 最后, 讨论了几个相关的问题.      

船模强迫横摇及其跳跃现象

本文使用小参数法研究非线性强迫横摇及其跳跃现象。得出与文献[1,4]的不同附加转动惯量表达式,并获得出现跳跃现象的一些判据。理论跳跃频率与实验值较吻合。     

结构横风向非平稳随机振动的矩分析

将双方向脉动风速引入到气动力中，从而得到结构横风向运动的非平稳随机振动方程．运用随机微分理论和矩方程理论，得到结构截面横风向运动时的一阶矩和二阶矩的微分方程．通过数值方法，得到结构截面横风向随机振动的时程曲线．通过研究不同地貌和不同方向脉动风速对结构响应的影响，得出脉动风速及其非线性耦合项对结构横向振动具有不可忽视的影响的结论。     

Asymmetric Surging of Ships in Following Seas and its Repercussions for Safety

A comprehensive investigation of an asymmetric longitudinal motion of ships displayed in long and steep following waves is presented. The focus is on the strongly nonlinear response, on the verge of the so called surf-riding condition, where a ship could be performing large-amplitude longitudinal oscillations around a mean forward speed. Expressions, in closed form, describing transient surge motion on the phase-plane are derived. For steady-state in particular, is shown that it is possible to determine an explicit analytical solution in the time-domain. Simple prediction formulae for the higher limit of asymmetric surging (threshold of global surf-riding) are derived on the basis of two alternative methods. Also, we investigate the effect of asymmetric surging on a ship's tendency for capsize in the neighborhood of wave crests where restoring capability is often reduced. The paper includes, as an Appendix, a review of types of ship instability and a summary of the historical roots of the field. For a better introduction to the subject we include, as Appendix A, a historical note on the evolution of the theory ship stability together with a summary of known types of ship instability distinguished on the basis of the angle of encounter between ship and waves.     

Nonlinear heave-roll coupling and ship rolling

A nonlinear model for simulating the heave-roll motions of ships in following waves is presented. The parametric excitation is modeled by a Hill's type equation, instead of the conventional Mathieu's equation. The model includes not only the linear but also the quadratic coupling term. Instability conditions for parametrically excited rolling motions are derived using the harmonic balance method. The results are verified by numerical analyses. The effects of including the quadratic coupling term on the instability conditions and nonlinear responses are studied. The complex dynamic behaviour of the coupled system in the various instability regions is also investigated. Bifurcations of the flip, fold and pitchfork types are observed in the Poincaré mapping of the numerically simulated responses. Chaotic motions leading to boundary crises and inevitable capsize are also reported.     

SYNCHRONOUS EFFECT OF SLIPPING HEAVY LOADS ON RO-RO SHIP ROLLING IN WAVES

Common effect of wave and slip of internal vehicles will make rolling of the roll-on ship serious. This is one of the important reasons for overturn of ro-ro ships. The multibody system with a floating base is composed of ro-ro ship and slipping vehicles. Takes the rolling angle of the ship and the transverse displacements of the slipping vehicles on desk as freedoms. Making use of the analysis of apparent gravitation and apparent buoyancy, the wave rolling moment is derived. By means of dynamic method of multibody system, dynamic equations of the system are established. Taking a certain channel ferry as an example, a set of numerical calculation have been carried out for rolling response of the multibody system with a floating base of a ro-ro ship and displacements response of the slipping vehicles under common effect of free slipping vehicles and wave, and a conclusion has been drawn that the motion of the numerous free slipping heavy loads will trend to be synchronous under restraining of the side-wall bulkhead with time because of repeated collision.     

Computation of turbulent free‐surface flows around modern ships

This paper presents the calculated results for three classes of typical modern ships in modelling of ship‐generated waves. Simulations of turbulent free‐surface flows around ships are performed in a numerical water tank, based on the FINFLO‐RANS SHIP solver developed at Helsinki University of Technology. The Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the artificial compressibility and the non‐linear free‐surface boundary conditions are discretized by means of a cell‐centred finite‐volume scheme. The convergence performance is improved with the multigrid method. A free surface is tracked using a moving mesh technology, in which the non‐linear free‐surface boundary conditions are given on the actual location of the free surface. Test cases recommended are a container ship, a US Navy combatant and a tanker. The calculated results are compared with the experimental data available in the literature in terms of the wave profiles, wave pattern, and turbulent flow fields for two turbulence models, Chien's low Reynolds number k–εmodel and Baldwin–Lomax's model. Furthermore, the convergence performance, the grid refinement study and the effect of turbulence models on the waves have been investigated. Additionally, comparison of two types of the dynamic free‐surface boundary conditions is made. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley& Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical study on wave loads and motions of two ships advancing in waves by using three-dimensional translating-pulsating source

A frequency domain analysis method based on the three-dimensional translating-pulsating (3DTP) source Green function is developed to investigate wave loads and free motions of two ships advancing on parallel course in waves. Two experiments are carried out respectively to measure the wave loads and the free motions for a pair of side-byside arranged ship models advancing with an identical speed in head regular waves. For comparison, each model is also tested alone. Predictions obtained by the present solution are found in favorable agreement with the model tests and are more accurate than the traditional method based on the three dimensional pulsating (3DP) source Green function. Numerical resonances and peak shift can be found in the 3DP predictions, which result from the wave energy trapped in the gap between two ships and the extremely inhomogeneous wave load distribution on each hull. However, they can be eliminated by 3DTP, in which the speed affects the free surface and most of the wave energy can be escaped from the gap. Both the experiment and the present prediction show that hydrodynamic interaction effects on wave loads and free motions are significant. The present solver may serve as a validated tool to predict wave loads and motions of two vessels under replenishment at sea, and may help to evaluate the hydrodynamic interaction effects on the ships safety in replenishment operation.     

船舶声弹性力学理论及其应用

船舶结构与水介质耦合动力学在改善船舶运动性能与结构安全性,控制船舶振动噪声与提高水下声隐身性能,进行船舶综合性能的优化设计等一系列工程问题中有广泛的应用需求与发展前景.本文综述了船舶水弹性力学、声弹性力学的理论方法、试验技术与应用技术的国内外研究进展;介绍了在带航速三维水弹性力学理论(Wu 1984)基础上,作者所在课题组近年来发展的船舶三维声弹性理论、计算技术及工程应用的概况.简述了船舶三维声弹性理论的部分应用情况及发展方向.     

Advances in sono-elasticity of ships and the related applications

船舶结构与水介质耦合动力学在改善船舶运动性能与结构安全性,控制船舶振动噪声与提高水下声隐身性能,进行船舶综合性能的优化设计等一系列工程问题中有广泛的应用需求与发展前景.本文综述了船舶水弹性力学、声弹性力学的理论方法、试验技术与应用技术的国内外研究进展;介绍了在带航速三维水弹性力学理论(Wu 1984)基础上,作者所在课题组近年来发展的船舶三维声弹性理论、计算技术及工程应用的概况.简述了船舶三维声弹性理论的部分应用情况及发展方向.     

直立码头前船波浪力耦合计算模型

建立了外域用Boussinesq方程、内域用刚体运动方程的直立码头前二维船剖面波浪力的时 域计算耦合模型,内域与外域在交界面的匹配条件是流量连续和压力相等. 进行了相关模型 实验,并把计算结果与实验结果进行了对比. 推导了船体与水底和直立码头之间间隙内流体 运动的自振频率,研究了间隙内流体运动的共振现象.     

冰区航行中船舶结构冰载荷的现场测量与反演方法研究进展

冰载荷是影响极地船舶航行安全的重要环境因素,而对船舶结构的现场监测是获取冰载荷的可靠途径.鉴于船-冰相互作用的复杂性, 目前还难以直接测量冰载荷,一般通过结构应变、六自由度运动参数等船舶结构局部或总体响应的测量数据间接反演冰载荷.根据冰载荷的作用范围,本文将船舶结构冰载荷现场监测划分为局部冰载荷现场监测与总体冰载荷现场监测两大类.对国内外18艘极地船舶冰载荷现场测量试验的开展时间、试验海域、测量方案等信息进行了系统的总结和分析.从基本原理、适用范围、应用现状和发展前景等方面全面地介绍了船舶结构冰载荷反演的影响系数矩阵法、支持向量机法、格林函数法、运动参数法和功能关系法,并重点分析了"MV Timofey Guzhenko"极地穿梭油轮与"IBRV Araon"破冰考察船的冰载荷测量结果.在此基础上对船体局部冰压、冰力峰值、冰载荷概率分布和冰激振动加速度等相关研究进展进行了深入的讨论.最后从测量技术、反演方法、冰载荷特性等方面剖析了当前船舶结构冰载荷现场监测中存在的问题,并探讨了相应的研究方向.本文对国内外极地船舶冰载荷现场测量与反演方法的论述可为后续研究与工程应用提供科学参考,从而更好地促进我国极地船舶的抗冰结构设计与冰区航行技术的发展.