献身祖国核科技事业的一代先驱——纪念王淦昌诞辰100周年

王淦昌先生是我国著名核物理学家、中国科学院资深院士、“两弹一星”功勋奖章获得者、我国实验原子核物理、宇宙射线及粒子物理研究的主要奠基人和开拓者，在国际上享有很高的声誉．在70年的科研和教学生涯中，他始终活跃在科学前沿，孜孜以求，奋力攀登，取得了多项令世界瞩目的科学成就．     

献身祖国核科技事业的一代先驱——纪念王淦昌先生诞辰100周年

王淦昌先生是我国著名核物理学家、中国科学院资深院士、“两弹一星”功勋奖章获得者、我国实验原子核物理、宇宙射线及粒子物理研究的主要奠基人和开拓者，享有国际盛誉。在70年科研生涯中，他始终活跃在科学前沿，孜孜以求、奋力攀登，取得了多项令世界瞩目的科学成就。     

王淦昌和国家"八六三"计划——为王淦昌先生百年诞辰而作

20世纪80年代，中国从“文化大革命”的恶梦中醒来，国家的经济、教育、文化、科技都遭到“文革”灾难性的破坏．改革开放刚拉来序幕，邓小平登高一呼：“发展是硬道理”，道出了亿万人民的心愿．“科学技术是第一生产力”的思想开始深入人心，加快发展我国科学技术事业有了现实的可能性．同时，我国科学技术与世界先进水平的差距十分明显，国力不强，家底薄弱．而国际上，从80年代初开始，一波新技术革命的浪潮迅猛发展，其中最具标志性的是，美国总统里根1983年宣布的《战略防御倡仪》（SDI）计划，具有明显的实现一超独霸的战略意图．相继出笼的欧洲的《尤里卡计划》及日本、苏联的高技术计划，在国际高技术领域掀起了不甘落后的竞争热潮．     

核工业人爱国奉献的楷模——纪念王淦昌同志诞辰100周年

我国核工业是在党中央几代领导集体的亲切关怀和正确领导下创建发展起来的．五十多年的奋斗历程所取得的辉煌成就，源于全国人民和各行各业的大力支持，源于几十万核工业人的顽强拼搏和无私奉献．老一辈科学家和广大核科技工作者为发展我国核事业作出了巨大贡献，王淦昌同志就是他们当中最杰出的代表之一．     

学称一代宗 德为百年师——纪念王淦昌老师

 去年十二月十日晚,王淦昌教授在宁谧的氛围中告别了他九十一年的人生历程,安祥地离开了他挚爱的科学世界,带着他对人类掌握核聚变能、在实验室内创造“人工小太阳”的科学追求。     

广岛长崎原子弹爆炸在中国备受关注——纪念世界第一颗原子弹爆炸成功70周年

今年是世界反法西斯战争暨中国抗日战争胜利70周年。从1942年到1945年,在第二次世界大战中,为了赶在纳粹德国之前造出原子弹,打赢第二次世界大战,美国集中了几乎全世界最优秀的科学家,使用了巨额军费,历时4年,成功研制了原子弹。     

江汉以濯之秋阳以曝之——纪念我的父亲钱临照

父亲生于20世纪初(1906年),到他去世(1999年),他几乎走过了整整一个世纪.这是一个中国近代科学萌芽、发展、壮大的世纪;这是一个中国从受到列强欺侮,国内战乱到解放后迎来了科学春天的世纪.父亲和老一辈的科学家们经过了艰苦卓绝的奋斗,终于在这一个世纪中为我国科教事业的高速发展奠定了坚实的基础.     

要重视物理教学中板书(画)的设计与使用

最近，笔者参加了几次听课活动，讲课者分别是市教坛新秀、骨干教师和省特级教师的竞争者，可谓是一次次精彩纷呈的物理教学技能大展示．这些教师在现代教育技术的运用、实验技术的展示、对教材的处理等诸方面都有许多值得学习的地方．     

Wick-Ordered Entire Functions of the Indefinite Metric Free Field

We present a simple and general method for constructing Wick-ordered entire functions of free fields with an indefinite metric, based on using an appropriate generalization of the Paley–Wiener–Schwartz theorem.     

Fluctuations of the Increment of the Argument for the Gaussian Entire Function

The Gaussian entire function is a random entire function, characterised by a certain invariance with respect to isometries of the plane. We study the fluctuations of the increment of the argument of the Gaussian entire function along planar curves. We introduce an inner product on finite formal linear combinations of curves (with real coefficients), that we call the signed length, which describes the limiting covariance of the increment. We also establish asymptotic normality of fluctuations.     

Responses of "lower-spontaneous-rate" auditory-nerve fibers to speech syllables presented in noise. I: General characteristics.

Responses of auditory-nerve fibers in anesthetized cats to nine different spoken stop- and nasal-consonant/vowel syllables presented at 70 dB SPL in various levels of speech-shaped noise [signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of 30, 20, 10, and 0 dB] are reported. The temporal aspects of speech encoding were analyzed using spectrograms. The responses of the "lower-spontaneous-rate" fibers (less than 20/s) were found to be more limited than those of the high-spontaneous-rate fibers. The lower-spontaneous-rate fibers did not encode noise-only portions of the stimulus at the lowest noise level (S/N = 30 dB) and only responded to the consonant if there was a formant or major spectral peak near its characteristic frequency. The fibers' responses at the higher noise levels were compared to those obtained at the lowest noise level using the covariance as a quantitative measure of signal degradation. The lower-spontaneous-rate fibers were found to preserve more of their initial temporal encoding than high-spontaneous-rate fibers of the same characteristic frequency. The auditory-nerve fibers' responses were also analyzed for rate-place encoding of the stimuli. The results are similar to those found for temporal encoding.     

The trail of my studies on glycoproteins from enterokinase to tumor markers

This review describes the results of the author’s studies on glycoproteins which have been carried out for more than 50 years. Starting from the elucidation of basic structures of glycoproteins, i.e. the structure of the linkage between an amino acid and a sugar and the occurrence of the β-mannosidic linkage as the common structure of glycoproteins, the author became interested in the cell membrane glycoproteins focused on the comparison of cancer cells versus normal cells. These studies were then extended to the establishment of sugar-directed and cancer-associated monoclonal antibodies. Some of the monoclonal antibodies are useful for cancer diagnosis.     

Contributions to the field of neurotransmitters by Japanese scientists,and reflections on my own research

Part I describes important contributions made by some Japanese pioneers in the field of neurotransmitters: (their achievements in parentheses) J. Takamine (isolation and crystallization of adrenaline); K. Shimidzu (early hint for acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter); F. Kanematsu (donation of the Kanematsu Memorial Institute in Sydney); T. Hayashi (discovery of the excitatory action of glutamate and the inhibitory action of GABA); and I. Sano (discovery of a high concentration of dopamine in striatum, its reduction in a patient with Parkinson’s disease and the treatment with DOPA). In Part II, I present some of my reflections on my research on neurotransmitters. The work of my colleagues and myself has made some significant contributions to the establishment of neurotransmitter roles played by GABA and substance P, the first amino acid and the first peptide neurotransmitters, respectively. By the early 1960s, 3 substances, i.e., acetylcholine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline, had been established as neurotransmitters. Now the number of neurotransmitters is believed to be as many as 50 or even more mainly due to the inclusion of several amino acids and a large number of peptide transmitters.     

Formalising the Pathways to Life Using Assembly Spaces

Assembly theory (referred to in prior works as pathway assembly) has been developed to explore the extrinsic information required to distinguish a given object from a random ensemble. In prior work, we explored the key concepts relating to deconstructing an object into its irreducible parts and then evaluating the minimum number of steps required to rebuild it, allowing for the reuse of constructed sub-objects. We have also explored the application of this approach to molecules, as molecular assembly, and how molecular assembly can be inferred experimentally and used for life detection. In this article, we formalise the core assembly concepts mathematically in terms of assembly spaces and related concepts and determine bounds on the assembly index. We explore examples of constructing assembly spaces for mathematical and physical objects and propose that objects with a high assembly index can be uniquely identified as those that must have been produced using directed biological or technological processes rather than purely random processes, thereby defining a new scale of aliveness. We think this approach is needed to help identify the new physical and chemical laws needed to understand what life is, by quantifying what life does.