Functional Liquid‐Crystalline Assemblies: Self‐Organized Soft Materials

In the 21st century, soft materials will become more important as functional materials because of their dynamic nature. Although soft materials are not as highly durable as hard materials, such as metals, ceramics, and engineering plastics, they can respond well to stimuli and the environment. The introduction of order into soft materials induces new dynamic functions. Liquid crystals are ordered soft materials consisting of self‐organized molecules and can potentially be used as new functional materials for electron, ion, or molecular transporting, sensory, catalytic, optical, and bio‐active materials. For this functionalization, unconventional materials design is required. Herein, we describe new approaches to the functionalization of liquid crystals and show how the design of liquid crystals formed by supramolecular assembly and nano‐segregation leads to the formation of a variety of new self‐organized functional materials.     

Functional liquid-crystalline assemblies: self-organized soft materials

In the 21st century, soft materials will become more important as functional materials because of their dynamic nature. Although soft materials are not as highly durable as hard materials, such as metals, ceramics, and engineering plastics, they can respond well to stimuli and the environment. The introduction of order into soft materials induces new dynamic functions. Liquid crystals are ordered soft materials consisting of self-organized molecules and can potentially be used as new functional materials for electron, ion, or molecular transporting, sensory, catalytic, optical, and bio-active materials. For this functionalization, unconventional materials design is required. Herein, we describe new approaches to the functionalization of liquid crystals and show how the design of liquid crystals formed by supramolecular assembly and nano-segregation leads to the formation of a variety of new self-organized functional materials.     

SYNTHESIS AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF VINYL POLYMERINORGANIC HYBRID AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS

We describe the sol-gel synthesis of a new family of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, in which various vinylpolymers are covalently bonded to and uniformly distributed in inorganic oxide matrices. The materials can be tailored tohave both good toughness and hardness while maintaining excellent optical transparency. Doping the sol-gel metal oxideswith optically active compounds such as D-glucose results in new optical rotatory composite materials. Removal of thedopant compounds from the composites affords mesoporous oxide materials, which represents a new, nonsurfactant-templated route to mesoporous molecular sieves. We have successfully immobilized a series of enzymes and other bioactiveagents in mesoporous materials. Catalytical activities of the enzyme encapsulated in mesoporous materials were found to bemuch higher than those encapsulated in microporous materials.     

Development of phosphopeptide enrichment techniques for phosphoproteome analysis

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most biologically relevant and ubiquitous post-translational modifications. The analysis of protein phosphorylation is very challenging due to its highly dynamic nature and low stoichiometry. In this article, recent techniques developed for phosphoproteome analysis are reviewed with an emphasis on the new developments in this field in China. To improve the performance of phosphoproteome analysis, many novel methods, either by application of new separation mechanisms or by adoption of new separation materials, were developed to specifically enrich phosphopeptides from complex protein digests. A series of new materials, including nanostructure materials, magnetic materials, and monolithic materials, were applied to prepare immobilized affinity chromatography or metal oxide affinity chromatography to improve the performance of phosphopeptide enrichment. Besides, new software tools were also developed to validate phosphopeptide identification and predict kinase specific phosphorylation sites.     

Recent Progresses of UV Nonlinear Optical Materials

Ultraviolet(UV) nonlinear optical(NLO) crystal materials are hailed as the "chip" of the optoelectronic industry for they play a unique and crucial role in many newly developed scientific and technological applications. At present, due to the relatively single frequency doubling gene types of traditional NLO materials, the service performance of UV NLO materials is fundamentally restricted. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new synthesis methods, search for novel functional groups, expand new UV NLO materials systems, screen new high-performance crystals, and then break through performance bottlenecks. Herein, we review the recent progresses on UV NLO crystal materials. Furthermore, we prospect that these recently developed approaches will continuously extend their advantages in developing superior UV NLO materials in the near future.     

木质素改性高分子材料研究进展

木质素改性高分子材料的基础研究和应用开发极为活跃.在材料中引入木质素,不仅可提高材料的性能,还能降低成本,产生可观的经济效益.本文综述了木质素改性高分子材料的最新研究成果,并由此归纳出木质素结构与材料性能之间的关系,提出了基于控制木质素多级结构的材料设计和性能优化的思路.     

New Developments in the Field of Luminescent Materials for Lighting and Displays

Owing to their use in fluorescent lamps and many display applications, luminescent materials affect our daily life. Improvement of already very mature as well as development of new materials demanded by a variety of new applications are the focus of research today. The latest advances in the field of electroluminescence enable new displays and light generation concepts that challenge the classical areas of application of luminescent materials.     

Synthesis of microporous materials using macrocycles as structure directing agents

The synthesis of microporous materials has been an important element of solid state chemistry over the past years and remains so today. The emergence of possible new applications has driven interest towards synthesis of new materials. This article reviews the application of macrocycles as structure-directing agents (SDAs) in the pursuit of these important new materials.     

Development of fully functionalized photorefractive polymers

In this article, we review recent progress in the area of photorefractive polymers. Photorefractive (PR) polymers are multifunctional materials which combine photoconductivity and electro‐optic response to show a new phenomenon: light‐induced reversible modulation of the refractive index. Because of their multifunctional features, design, synthesis and preparation of these materials exhibiting high performance is an intellectual challenge. Moreover, numerous applications of photorefractive materials in optical devices have been established using inorganic materials. Utilizing the unique features of organic polymeric materials to prepare useful devices is an engineering challenge. In the past several years, research in this area has gained momentum because numerous new materials which possess better characteristic photorefractive parameters than their inorganic counterparts have been synthesized. Several interesting devices have been presented. Two different approaches have been developed to synthesize and prepare PR polymers, namely composite materials and fully functionalized polymers. Both approaches have had success in identifying new materials and in gaining understanding of the design principles of better materials. This paper discusses these aspects and gives a prospective view about this field.     

中红外波段二阶非线性光学晶体材料研究进展

新型无机红外波段二阶非线性光学晶体材料在光电子领域有着重要的应用，对它们的探索是当前非线性光学材料研究领域的难点和前沿方向之一。本文将材料按组成分成三大类（即经典的ABC₂型黄铜矿结构化合物，硫属元素其他化合物和AMX₃型卤化物），分别就新材料探索、已知材料的单晶生长等综述了近10余年来中红外波段二阶非线性光学晶体材料的研究进展。     

Nanocarbons: Opening New Possibilities for Nano-engineered Novel Catalysts and Catalytic Electrodes

Nanocarbons find increasing relevance for the development of advanced, sometimes radically new, catalysts and catalytic electrodes. This perspective contribution discusses the potential of nanocarbons as a new class of catalytic materials, even if carbons (in the form mainly of active carbon materials) are already extensively applied as supports for catalysts. The control of nano-dimension and the improved understanding in tailoring the surface reactivity open new possibilities for their nano-engineering and the development of novel catalytic materials. With focus on the nature of the active sites in nanocarbon catalysts, we discuss here some of the novel possibilities opened by these materials to address the new challenges for catalysis deriving from moving to a more sustainable chemical and energy production.     

Janus材料微结构精细调控进展

Janus材料由于其拥有两个具有不同化学组成的表面而备受关注,其特殊的结构和性能已成为材料科学研究热点.如何实现Janus材料形貌可控、化学组成严格分区、不同位点复合功能分区、微结构精细调控和批量化制备是该研究方向中的重点和难点.针对上诉问题,基于本课题组研究工作,本文总结了Janus材料微结构精确控制和批量化制备的方法,为Janus材料大规模制备和应用提供新思路和新方法.     

金属氧化物@金属有机骨架复合材料研究进展

金属有机骨架(Metal-Organic Framework,MOF)复合材料是一种新型功能性材料,其中金属氧化物@MOF复合材料因结合了金属氧化物和MOFs的许多特性而受到人们的广泛关注,成为近年来MOFs材料研究的一个重要方向。本文综述了金属氧化物@MOF复合材料制备方法的研究进展,主要包括外延生长法、气相沉积法、模板法等,并分析了它们各自的优缺点;概述了金属氧化物@MOF复合材料在催化、传感、生物医药、吸附与分离方面的具体应用性能,以及在电化学研究领域的潜在应用;并提出今后金属氧化物@MOF复合材料研究的主要方向是开发简单高效的制备方法、选取新功能性金属氧化物以及探索复合材料的其它新型结构,以拓展其在工业上的应用。     

新型沸石分子筛主体-纳米客体复合材料研究进展

This paper mainly elaborated the recent developments of the studies on the new type zeolite molecular sieve host-nanoguest composite materials composing of molecular sieve channels or cages encapsulated nanoscale materials from the point of nanochemistry and material science, and the trends of development in this field. As the research of the properties of this kind of materials are going on, it is possible that this kind of host-guest nanocomposite materials will be usd in some fields. such as science and high technology fields. as the new type of optical, electrical and magnetic materials in the level of molecular assembly. This paper contains the following contents: hosts and guests; the sizes and shapes of guests; the optical, electrical and magnetic properties of the materials; the syntheses and characterizations of the materials; the applications of the materials and forecast.     

储氢材料第一性原理计算的研究进展

综述了第一性原理计算在储氢材料研究中取得的成果和最新的进展。 第一性原理计算在储氢材料研究中的应用主要有以下4个方面： 1）研究纳米结构的储氢性能; 2） 研究储氢材料中掺杂和缺陷的作用及对储氢性能的影响; 3）研究储氢机理; 4）确定氢化物的几何结构以及预测新型储氢材料。 同时展望了第一性原理计算在储氢领域中的应用前景。     

Proton Conduction in Metal–Organic Frameworks and Related Modularly Built Porous Solids

Proton‐conducting materials are an important component of fuel cells. Development of new types of proton‐conducting materials is one of the most important issues in fuel‐cell technology. Herein, we present newly developed proton‐conducting materials, modularly built porous solids, including coordination polymers (CPs) or metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The designable and tunable nature of the porous materials allows for fast development in this research field. Design and synthesis of the new types of proton‐conducting materials and their unique proton‐conduction properties are discussed.     

New functional materials based on conductive polymer—metal complexes modified with metallic nanoelectrodes

Russian Chemical Bulletin - The results of the synthesis and investigation of new composite functional materials are presented. The new materials are conductive polymer layers of the cobalt,...     

Novel sulphur-containing banana-shaped liquid crystal molecules

In this preliminary report we present the mesomorphic properties and electro-optic investigations of three new 'banana-shaped' mesogens. The materials are structurally similar to Niori's the original bent-core materials but possess alkylthio substituents in place of alkoxy substituents. Microscopic investigations revealed an unusual 'spiral-domain texture', similar to that observed in the 'B₇' phase of related materials. Further investigations support our earlier observations that the materials display antiferroelectric switching in this phase, in two of the new materials studied. The nature of this phase, in comparison with the 'switchable' (B₂) and 'chiral-domain' (B₄) phases of the original materials, is discussed.     

Materials by design at high pressures

Pressure, a fundamental thermodynamic variable, can generate two essential effects on materials. First, pressure can create new high-pressure phases via modification of the potential energy surface. Second, pressure can produce new compounds with unconventional stoichiometries via modification of the compositional landscape. These new phases or compounds often exhibit exotic physical and chemical properties that are inaccessible at ambient pressure. Recent studies have established a broad scope for developing materials with specific desired properties under high pressure. Crystal structure prediction methods and first-principles calculations can be used to design materials and thus guide subsequent synthesis plans prior to any experimental work. A key example is the recent theory-initiated discovery of the record-breaking high-temperature superhydride superconductors H₃S and LaH₁₀ with critical temperatures of 200 K and 260 K, respectively. This work summarizes and discusses recent progress in the theory-oriented discovery of new materials under high pressure, including hydrogen-rich superconductors, high-energy-density materials, inorganic electrides, and noble gas compounds. The discovery of the considered compounds involved substantial theoretical contributions. We address future challenges facing the design of materials at high pressure and provide perspectives on research directions with significant potential for future discoveries.

This work summarizes and discusses recent progress in the theory-oriented discovery of new materials under high pressure, including hydrogen-rich superconductors, high-energy-density materials, inorganic electrides, and noble gas compounds.