寻找顶夸克的漫长过程

本文描述寻找顶夸克的漫长过程。从70年代末开始,美国的PEP,德国的PETRA,80年代日本的TRISTAN,欧洲核子中心CERN的SP PS质子反质子对撞机,90年代的CERN的LEP大型电子正电子对撞机,最后于1997年才由美国费米国家实验室的D0和CDF国际合作组找到了顶夸克存在的证据,并给出了顶夸克的质量为:174.3±3.2±4.0GeV。人们可以从这段历史获得有益的启示。     

LHC上的ATLAS实验

1989年欧洲核子中心（CERN）的质心能量100-200GeV的正负电子对撞机LEP（Large Electron-Positron Collider）正式运行。LEP后建什么样的加速器,国际社会早有共识,即建造一台质心能量为几十TeV的质子对撞机。20世纪80年代以来,两个类似的强子对撞机,即美国的SSC（Super Superconductive Collider）和CERN的大型强子对撞机LHC（Large Hadron Collider）同时进行预研。     

等离子体尾场“涡轮增压”粒子加速器

当2000年欧洲粒子研究所（CERN）的大型正负电子对撞机（LEP）被拆除时，该对撞机已经创造了将电子能量加速到100GeV以上的记录．但是这样高的能量并不容易达到．利用原来LEP的隧道新建的大型强子对撞机LHC的造价为10亿美元．     

LHC建设进展顺利

CERN的主任罗伯特·艾马（Robert Aymar）在2005年12月16日CERN委员会第135次会议上致辞时，称赞LHC（Large Hadron Collider，大型强子对撞机）取得了重大进展。他说：“一年来，我们取得了重大进展。当然，挑战还没有结束，但是我们有足够的信心，使它能于2007年按期开始运行。”     

Top介子与HERA和THERA对撞机上的单顶夸克产生

讨论计算了TC2模型预言的Top介子在HERA和构想中的THERA对撞机上对t道eq→et过程中的单顶夸克产生的贡献.结果表明:中性Top介子对ec→et过程中的单顶夸克产生有较大的贡献.在绝大部分参数空间内,过程的产生截面在1—6pb范围内,因此,在HERA和THERA对撞机上通过eq→et过程可探测中性Top介子的可能物理迹象     

CEPC-SppC加速器——从概念设计到技术设计

2012年7月4日欧洲核子研究中心(CERN)宣布在大型强子对撞机LHC上发现希格斯粒子,科学家经过50多年的搜索,粒子物理学终于进入了希格斯时代。由于希格斯能量为较低的125 Ge V,因此,除了可以使用直线正负电子对撞机(例如ILC和CLIC)外,还可以采用环形电子正负对撞机产生希格斯粒子,并且后者具有更高的亮度及更多的对撞点,除了在功耗方面外。     

高能物理学发展的回顾和展望

 从电弱统一理论提出到现在已经过去了23年.量子色动力学从诞生到现在也已经历了17年,在这期间CERN建成了E_cm=60GeV的质子对撞机ISR;FNAL和CERN分别建成了能量为500GeV和450GeV的质子同步加速器.     

大型强子对撞机LHC上的ALICE实验

 ALICE 大型离子对撞机实验(A Large Ion Collider Experiment)是欧洲核子中心(CERN) 的大型强子对撞机LHC 上的4 个主要国际合作项目之一。合作组包括36 个国家的132 个研究单位的约1200 位物理学家、工程师和技术工人。其中包括约200 多研究生。中国原子能科学研究院、华中师范大学和华中科技大学参与了ALICE国际合作。     

大型强子对撞机上的CMS实验

CMS探测器是大型强子对撞机（LHC）上的四个实验之一,位于日内瓦附近的欧洲核子中心（CERN）法国一侧地下100米处。它的全称是“紧凑“子螺线管”（Compact Muon Solenoid）。     

大型强子对撞机

瑞士,日内瓦,欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）,2008年9月10日10时38分（北京时间15时38分）,第一束质子流注入大型强子对撞机（LHC）,这标志着这台人类建造的最大科学研究装置正式启动。     

Closing remarks

This talk will consist of a set of personal remarks giving my impressions of the International Workshop on Linear Colliders (LCWS06) and a theorist’s perspective.      

Detector issues for a photon collider

The photon collider is an option at the ILC. In this note detector issues are discussed that are relevant for the change from the e ⁺ e ⁻ mode of the ILC to the γγ mode.      

An electromagnetic calorimeter for the silicon detector concept

A silicon-tungsten calorimeter for silicon detector (SiD) at the International Linear Collider is under development. Recent progress is summarized.      

Low-<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis><Subscript>T</Subscript> proton-proton physics at low luminosity at LHC

This review of low-p _T proton-proton physics at low luminosity at the large hadron collider (LHC) should cover all LHC experiments, but in practice, is mainly related to ALICE, for reasons which will be explained. However, the relevance to other LHC experiments is clear, as low-p_T. phenomena represent an important component of the background to their high-p_T. phenomena which needs to be calibrated. The ALICE collaboration will study proton-proton collisions as part of their heavy-ion programme, where most signals are relative to the proton-proton system. In addition, the ALICE detector’s unique acceptance at low p_T as well as its unique particle identification capability will make it possible to carry out a program of genuine proton-proton physics complementary to those of other LHC experiments.     

Power losses in the international linear collider 20 mrad extraction line at 1 TeV

We have performed a detailed study of the power losses in the post-collision extraction line of a TeV e ⁺ e ⁻ collider with a crossing angle of 20 mrad at the interaction point. Five cases were considered: four luminosity configurations for ILC and one for CLIC. For all of them, the strong beam-beam effects at the interaction point lead to an emittance growth for the outgoing beam, as well as to the production of beamstrahlung photons and e ⁺ e ⁻ coherent pairs. The power losses along the extraction line, which are due to energy deposition by a fraction of the disrupted beam, of the beamstrahlung photons and of the coherent pairs, were estimated in the case of ideal collisions, as well as with a vertical position or angular offset at the interaction point.      

The interaction region of the large detector concept

The recently optimised interaction region of the LDC detector is presented in this paper together with the requirements for the planned detector hall.      

Monolithic CMOS pixel detector for international linear collider vertex detection

A monolithic CMS pixel detector is under development for an ILC experiment. This chronopixel array provides a time stamp resolution of one bunch crossing, a critical feature for background suppression. The status of this effort is summarized.      

An introduction to explicitR-parity violation

I discuss the theoretical motivations forR-parity violation, review the experimental bounds and outline the main changes in collider phenomenology compared to conservedR-parity.     

Identified hadron production in √s = 130 GeV Au-Au collisions at relativistic heavy-ion collider

Identified π^±,K ^±, p and -p transverse momentum spectra at mid-rapidity in √^sNN = 130 GeV Au-Au collisions were measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC as a function of collision centrality. Average transverse momenta increase with the number of participating nucleonsN _part similarly for all particle species. The multiplicity densities scale faster thanN _part. TheK ^± andp ^±yields per participant increase faster than the π^± yields. We combine the PHENIX neutral and charged pion measurement and find that in central collisions forp _T >-2 GeV/c,-p andp yields are comparable to or even exceed the pion yields.