Parameter identification for improved viscoplastic model considering dynamic recrystallization

The successful application of viscoplastic model considering dynamic recrystallization depends on how well the parameters are identified. However, it is difficult to obtain satisfactory parameters using conventional parameter identification methods. The reasons are due to difficulties in obtaining homogeneous deformation, high complexity of physical process described by the model and large number of parameters. In this paper, the material parameters are identified by inverse analysis. Global information on objective function is firstly studied by an improved uniform random sampling method; secondly, a hybrid global optimization method, which combines the genetic algorithm, the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, the augmented Gauss–Newton algorithm and the flexible tolerance method, is constructed and an inverse analysis numerical procedure, which combines the proposed optimization method with the finite element analysis, is proposed; at last, a set of satisfactory material parameters for 26Cr2Ni4MoV is obtained by the proposed inverse analysis numerical procedure.     

综合考虑宏细观缺陷的岩体动态损伤本构模型

针对节理岩体同时含有节理、裂隙等宏观缺陷及微裂隙、微孔洞等细观缺陷的客观事实, 提出了在节理岩体动态损伤本构模型中应同时考虑宏细观缺陷的观点。为此, 首先对基于细观动态断裂机理的经典岩石动态损伤本构模型—TCK(Taylor-Chen-Kuszmaul)模型进行了阐述, 其次基于Lemaitre等效应变假设推导了综合考虑宏细观缺陷的复合损伤变量(张量), 进而在此基础上建立了相应的节理岩体动态损伤本构模型, 并利用该模型讨论了载荷应变率及节理条数对岩体动态力学特性的影响规律。结果表明, 在不同载荷应变率下试件在变形初始阶段是重合的, 而后随着应变的增加, 试件峰值强度、峰值应变及总应变均随载荷应变率的增加而增加; 随着节理条数的增加, 试件峰值强度逐渐降低, 但降低趋势逐渐变缓并趋于某一定值。上述研究结论与目前的理论及实验研究结果的基本规律是一致的, 说明了本模型的合理性。     

Uniaxial ratcheting of SS304 stainless steel at high temperatures: visco-plastic constitutive model

The uniaxial ratcheting of SS304 stainless steel at high temperatures (300, 600 and 700 °C) were analyzed experimentally, and described by a cyclic constitutive visco-plasticity model. The rate dependence of the material was accounted for by introducing a viscous term. The cyclic hardening and cyclic flow behavior of the material under asymmetrical stress-controlled cycling were described by the evolution rules of kinematic hardening back stress and isotropic deforming resistance. Under the isothermal condition, temperature effect was included by terms involving temperature in the evolution equations of isotropic deforming resistance. The effect of load history on ratcheting was also considered by introducing a fading memory function of the maximum inelastic strain amplitude and isotropic deformation resistance. After the material constants were determined from the experimental data, the uniaxial ratcheting of SS304 stainless steel was numerically simulated and compared with the corresponding experimental results at high temperatures. The predicted results agree well with the experimental ones.     

泰勒杆实验对材料动态本构参数的确认和优化确定

通过实验数据和数值模拟结果的对比,研究了泰勒杆实验在材料动态本构关系参数确认和优化方面的应用。以Johnson-Cook模型描述的oxygen-free high-conductivity（OFHC） copper材料为例进行了具体说明,并对实验中的部分不确定因素进行了分析。结果表明,利用该方法对材料本构模型参数进行确认和优化确定是合理的。     

Uniaxial ratcheting and fatigue failure of tempered 42CrMo steel: Damage evolution and damage-coupled visco-plastic constitutive model

Uniaxial ratcheting and fatigue failure of tempered 42CrMo steel were observed by the tests under the uniaxial stress-controlled cyclic loading with non-zero mean stress [G.Z. Kang, Y.J. Liu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 472 (2008) 258–268]. Based on the obtained experimental results, the evolution features of whole-life ratcheting behavior and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) damage of the material were discussed first. Then, in the framework of unified visco-plasticity and continuum damage mechanics, a damage-coupled visco-plastic cyclic constitutive model was proposed to simulate the whole-life ratcheting and predict the fatigue failure life of the material presented in the uniaxial stress cycling with non-zero mean stress. In the proposed model, the damage was divided into two parts, i.e., elastic damage and plastic damage, which were described by the evolution equations with the same form but different constants, since the maximum applied stresses in most of loading cases were lower than the nominal yielding strength of the material. The ratcheting of the material was still described by employing a nonlinear kinematic hardening rule based on the Abdel-Karim–Ohno combined kinematic hardening model [M. Abdel Karim, N. Ohno, Int. J. Plast. 16 (2000) 225–240] but extended by considering the effect of damage. The maximum strain criterion combined with an elastic damage threshold was employed to determine the failure life of the material caused by two different failure modes, i.e., fatigue failure (caused by low-cycle fatigue due to plastic shakedown) and ductile failure (caused by large ratcheting strain). The simulated whole-life ratcheting behavior and predicted failure life of tempered 42CrMo steel are in a fairly good agreement with the experimental ones.     

砂土的应力路径本构模型

将微元应力路径线性逼近,转变成与其充分接近且易于计算应变的等平均应力微元和等应力比微元,计算任意加荷应力路径所产生的塑性应变,建立了双屈服面的砂土应力路径本构模型．模型体现了岩土塑性理论分量屈服和非关联流动法则的要求,在p,q平面内根据双线性的屈服线确定了加卸载准则．结合广义非线性强度理论采用变换应力三维化方法简单、合理地使模型实现三维化．通过试验数据的验证表明,砂土应力路径本构模型可以合理地描述各种应力路径下砂土的变形和强度特性。     

A second-order dynamic subgrid-scale stress model

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基于裂纹扩展脆性岩石动力压缩力学特性研究

动态压缩荷载作用下,脆性岩石内部动态细观裂纹扩展特性,对岩石宏观动态力学特性有着重要的影响。然而,对岩石内部动态细观裂纹扩展与宏观动态力学特性的关系研究较少。基于准静态裂纹扩展作用下的应力-应变本构模型、准静态与动态裂纹扩展断裂韧度关系、裂纹速率与应变率关系模型及应变率与动态断裂韧度关系,提出了一种基于细观力学的动态应力-应变本构模型。其中裂纹速率与应变率关系,是根据裂纹长度与应变关系的时间导数推出;应变率与动态断裂韧度关系,是根据推出的裂纹速率及应变率关系,与裂纹速率及断裂韧度关系相结合而得到。研究了应变率对应力-应变本构关系及动态压缩强度影响。并通过试验结果验证了模型的合理性。讨论了岩石初始损伤、围压、模型中参数m、ε0和R对应力-应变关系、动态压缩强度和动态弹性模量的影响。研究结果可为动态压缩荷载作用下深部地下工程脆性围岩稳定性分析提供了一定的理论支持。     

聚氯乙烯弹性体静动态力学性能及本构模型

为揭示聚氯乙烯弹性体在静、动态载荷下的力学性能,采用万能材料试验机和改进的分离式霍普金森压杆实验装置获得了材料在应变率为0.001、0.01、0.1、1 510、2 260和3 000 s⁻¹下的应力应变曲线,并以屈服强度为整形器优选参数,对比了紫铜、铜版纸和铅等3种整形器材料的整形效果。使用修正的ZWT非线性黏弹性本构模型描述聚氯乙烯弹性体在静、动态载荷下的力学性能。结果表明：聚氯乙烯弹性体在静态载荷下具有应变率效应和显著的超弹性特性,动态载荷下表现出较明显的应变率效应和较强的抗变形能力,且静动态载荷下的力学行为受应变历史影响较大。3种整形器材料中铜版纸的整形效果最好。修正后的ZWT非线性黏弹性本构模型能够得到统一参数的本构表达式,且各应变率下的拟合结果与实验结果具有较好的一致性。

     

一种高强度钢的动态力学本构参数识别和数值模拟

分析了N-1钢在不同应变率条件下(10-3~103s-1)的应力应变关系实验结果,得到了N-1钢的应 变率强化特性。修正了平板试件断裂面中心的真实应力,并通过对真实应变与最小截面的厚度缩减率关系的 研究,得到了断裂面中心的真实应变,从而识别出了N-1钢的修正Johnson-Cook本构模型的参数。利用所确 定的本构关系模型,对N-1钢平板试件的杆-杆型冲击拉伸过程进行了数值模拟,模拟结果与实验结果较吻 合,验证了采用的修正的Johnson-Cook本构模型参数的实验识别方法以及数值模拟方法的正确性。     

恒定动载下高温水冷后玄武岩的动力特性及本构模型

为研究地应力、地温和动力扰动下岩石的动力特性,利用带围压的分离式霍普金森压杆装置,对常温（25 ℃）和经历不同高温水冷（100、300、450和600 ℃）后的玄武岩试样开展了恒定动载下不同围压等级（2、4和6 MPa）的动态压缩实验,借助静态力学实验及微观实验的测试结果,分别探讨了温度和围压对玄武岩动态力学特性及破坏特征的影响规律,并基于Weibull分布理论,构建了恒定动载下高温水冷后玄武岩的动态本构模型。结果表明：3组围压下,玄武岩的动态峰值应力、弹性模量均存在温度劣化效应,且围压越高,温度劣化效应越显著;常温和经历100~600 ℃高温水冷后玄武岩的动态峰值应力、弹性模量均存在围压强化效应,但该围压强化效应在600 ℃时有所减弱。围压一定时,随着温度的升高,试样的破碎程度不断加剧;温度一定时,随着围压的升高,试样的破碎程度逐渐降低。所建立的玄武岩动态本构模型与实验结果具有较好的一致性,可用于预测玄武岩在高温水冷和主动围压耦合作用下的动态力学行为,从而为地下资源开发及地下工程防护提供理论支持。

     

Generalized dynamic model for multibodies manipulator

In this paper the general dynamical equations were given for multibodiesmanipulator.The system is a topologic tree structure consisting of arbitrary number ofrigid bodies.The hinges allow the rotational and/or tranlational motion.Inconsideration of influence of friction the dynamic equations are established by meansof Newton-Euler’s method.Further,the equations are separated by way ofconstructing the distribution matrices and a group of force and motion equations areobtained.     

整车多体动力学模型验证

迫切需要建立一个通用的汽车仿真开发平台为多种电子控制系统提供统一开发环境.采用Roberson和Wittenberg (R-W)多体动力学理论,建立了自由度(DOF)包含底盘单项和集成控制所需运动参数的整车模型,分别进行了动力学仿真和试验对比验证,结果表明模型的纵向、侧向和垂向动力学性能的正确性.     

强动载荷下钢筋混凝土结构计算模型简评

针对侵彻、爆炸等强动载作用下混凝土类结构计算中涉及的状态方程、变形破坏弹塑性本构关系与强度准则等关键问题,根据混凝土多组分特征,简述考虑介质中孔隙压缩的状态模型及弹塑性变形破坏中动态损伤演化模型,并在计算实验方法的基础上,给出需要进一步研究的建议。     

拱坝-地基动力体系的简化计算模型及其在地震作用下的动力反应分析

通过对拱坝地基的半无限空间动力体系的分析,提出了拱坝－地基动力相互作用问题的简化求解途径,并结合小湾拱坝进行了实际分析。结果表明,这种直接应用于时域求解的简化模型,既反映了影响相互作用的主要因素,又使计算工作量大大减少,结果可靠合理,便于工程上的推广应用,同时为进一步进行非线性体系在时域中的简化计算打下了基础。     

金属材料的率-温耦合响应与动态本构关系综述

金属材料在冲击、爆炸等高应变率加载下的塑性流动行为具有不同于静载下的率-温耦合性和微观机制。航空航天、航海、能源开采、核工业、公共安全、灾害防治等方面的金属结构设计与性能评估需要进行大量的动载实验和数值模拟,建立准确的材料动态本构模型是结构数值模拟可靠性的基础和关键。本文中,总结了金属材料的率-温耦合变形行为及内在机理,回顾了金属动态本构关系研究的起源与发展脉络,分别针对唯象模型、具有物理基础的模型和人工神经网络模型进行了详细介绍和横向比较。唯象模型和人工神经网络模型分别因易应用和高预测精度而受到青睐,基于物理概念的宏观连续介质模型可以描述体现内部演化的真实物理量,从而涵盖更大的应变范围,更好地反映应变率、温度和应变的影响机制。

     

Analytical dynamic model of elastic-plastic pipe-on-pipe impact

The dynamic response of pipe-on-pipe impact is described by an analytical model. The model considers the impact of a whipping pipe with one end hinged and the other end free on a simply-supported target pipe at its midpoint. Combining with the contact theory, the Laplace transformation, and the inverse Laplace transformation method, an analytical model based on the tubular beam theory is proposed to study the elastic-plastic behavior of a target pipe laterally impacted by a whipping pipe. Numerical simulations using the explicit finite element code MSC/DYTRAN are also performed. The results are coincident with the theoretical prediction.     

基于动态本构模型的整流罩铰链系统自冲击分析

整流罩铰链系统结构分析是大型整流罩分离分析的重要环节,也是国内新一代运载火箭研制过程中的关键技术之一。基于30CrMnSiA和ZTC4-1的力学性能试验研究,得到材料的动态本构模型,并建立整流罩及动态本构模型下的铰链系统有限元模型。通过非线性显式动力学分析方法,对铰链系统自冲击过程进行仿真,得到冲击作用下铰链系统的应力和应变情况,并通过内力分析得到自冲击过程中铰链系统的主要内力形式。最后,通过比较铰链系统动态本构与准静态本构下的自冲击响应,验证并说明了动态本构模型对铰链系统自冲击仿真的影响。计算结果表明,自冲击作用会使铰链系统发生塑性变形,且动态本构模型有利于反映真实结果,为新一代运载火箭的研制提供一定的参考价值。     

含裂纹梁非线性静动力特性及简化动力学建模Static and dynamic behaviour of cracked beam and simplified dynamic model

主要研究裂纹对梁结构动力特性的影响规律,进而为含裂纹梁结构状态监测提供理论依据。首先,对裂纹影响区域进行分析,建立含裂纹梁二维接触非线性有限元模型,阐明含裂纹梁具有拉压不同刚度的静力特性;其次,通过对机理模型的分析,指出拉压不同刚度会引起轴向与弯曲的耦合振动;然后,通过非线性动力学分析方法研究其动力特性,观察到含裂纹梁在冲击荷载下会产生轴向与弯曲的耦合振动现象,并指出这种轴向与弯曲耦合振动的一个重要特征是轴向振动频谱图中含有弯曲振动基频的两倍频成分;最后,通过引入非线性弹簧建立一种新颖的含裂纹梁简化动力学模型,通过与精细有限元分析对比,验证了模型的合理性。该简化动力学模型将接触非线性问题转换为材料非线性问题,避免了费时的接触非线性动力学求解过程。     

2D-C/SiC复合材料应变率相关的动态本构模型

分别在电子万能实验机和SHPB（split Hopkinson press bar）实验装置上对2D-C/SiC复合材料进行了静态、动态实验,探讨了该材料在10-4~2.8103 s-1的应变率范围内的层向压缩力学性能。实验结果表明,在动态加载条件下,2D-C/SiC复合材料的应力应变呈非线性关系。随着应变率的提高,破坏强度提高、失效应变减小,弹性模量增加。弹性模量与对数应变率基本呈线性关系。提出了一个含有与应变率相关的损伤变量的动态本构方程,该方程与实验结果吻合较好。