论“异常实验现象”的教学功能

在调查研究的基础上,从创设教学情境、培养问题意识、发展学科能力和强化心理素质等方面对“异常实验现象”的教学功能进行了探讨,论述了“异常实验现象”的教学价值,并提出了相关教学措施。     

高中化学应用"范例教学"模式的实验报告

面对高考和课程的改革，笔者在高中化学教学中使用了“范例教学”模式进行教学的实验。该报告对模式的引入背景、实验的可行性分析以及实验的实施过程、实验的调查分析进行了如实报告。     

高中化学应用“范例教学”模式的实验报告

面对高考和课程的改革 ,笔者在高中化学教学中使用了“范例教学”模式进行教学的实验。该报告对模式的引入背景、实验的可行性分析以及实验的实施过程、实验的调查分析进行了如实报告。     

设计系列化学实验优化化学实验教学的研究和实践

在化学实验教学中,结合现代教育理论,探讨了“阶梯式”、“精深式”、“激趣式”和“创新式”系列化学实验的设计,以支持和促进学生的学习,努力构建一种从实验中连贯建构知识意义的教学过程,提高化学实验教学的有效性。     

实施"分层教学"全面提高学生素质--初中化学"分层教学"结题报告

初中化学“分层教学”实验是湖北省教育科研指导项目 ,是襄樊市初中化学开展的教改实验之一。从 1995年 9月开始 ,我县先后有 13所初中 (全县现有初中 2 7所 )开展了此项实验 ,其中省、市级实验试点学校 5所 ,县级实验试点学校 8所。所谓“分层教学”就是在班级教学中 (不打乱原教学班 ) ,依据教学大纲的要求 ,从好、中、差学生的实际出发 ,因能分层编组 ,因材分层教学 ,分层指导 ,采用班级教学、小组教学、个别教学相结合的一种教学策略。1　问题的提出长期以来 ,初中化学受班级授课制的束缚 ,教师从备课、授课、练习作业、辅导、考查到评…     

基于“焰色实验”项目的创客教学——制作彩焰蜡烛

以“制作彩焰蜡烛”为项目主题,开展“焰色实验”的创客教学。学生立足教材,从自己的疑惑出发,完成“探究焰色成因”“选择制作材料”“提高彩焰效果”等子任务,最终制作出彩焰蜡烛,掌握焰色实验的实验操作,理解焰色的成因,构建了猜想-证据-结论-应用的认知模型,锻炼了实验探究、合作学习、反思改进等能力,增强了社会责任感。     

"物质的量"认知结构形成的实验研究

本文从“物质的量”的教学出发，分析了物质的量教学中存在的问题。既而在定向结构教学理论的指导下对“物质的量”的教学进行了实验改革，并对教学成效进行了一定的考核与评估，最后对此次实验改革提出展望。     

“探究互动”教学模式提高学生多元智能的实证研究

运用建构主义理论的“探究—互动”教学模式,在化学教学中,从多方面、多角度培养学生多元智能,指导学生运用“智力强项”学习.采用实验研究证明,实验前后学生的学习成绩、学习兴趣、学习注意力、思维能力、互动效果存在显著差异(P＜0.01)；采用“探究—互动”教学模式进行教学,学生的多元智能明显提高.     

高师"化学教学论实验"教学评价体系的建立与实践

评价是课程的重要组成部分。目前高师“化学教学论实验”课程教学评价的弊端有:(1)评价功能窄化;(2)评价内容面窄;(3)评价方法单一;(4)评价主体惟一。这种现状很难保证课程教学目标的实现,也与基础教育新课程的化学实验教学评价理念不相适应,因此,迫切需要建立一个比较全面、客观、科学合理的高师“化学教学论实验”课程教学评价体系。该门课程是一门学生显性的、实践的教学活动课程,其教学评价体系的建立应从评价内容全面性、评价方式(评价方法与评价主体)多样化、评价类别合理性和评价操作简约化4方面综合考虑,并进行了实践验证。     

TEP教学模式在分析化学教学中的应用——以“酸碱滴定分析法”教学为例

为了实现高等教育培养应用型和创新型人才目标,需要改变目前分析化学教学中“重知识和技能传授、轻能力培养和价值引领”的教学现状,提出“理论知识(Theory)–自主实验(Experiment)–实践应用(Practice)”融合教学模式(简称TEP)。TEP教学模式在实施过程中,通过“任务”这条主线将三个教学环节紧密相连,构建一个递进式教学体系。在理论教学中采用“任务和问题驱动式”教学,激起学生学习的主动性和积极性;在实验教学中要求学生自主完成相对简单的实验任务,培养学生自主学习和思考的能力;在实践应用环节,要求学生独立完成有意义有难度的任务,培养学生的应用能力和创新能力。在每个教学环节中巧妙地融入思政内容,实现“立德”与“树人”的有机统一。为了使TEP模式有效实施,还需做好课程的教学评价。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。