常压化学气相沉积技术生长ZnO∶H薄膜的光学性质

采用常压金属有机物化学气相沉积技术(APMOCVD),以二乙基锌(DEZn)为Zn源,去离子水(H2O)为氧源,N2作载气,在外延ZnO薄膜的反应气氛中通入少量氢气,在cAl2O3衬底上生长出了ZnO∶H薄膜。用X射线双晶衍射和光致发光谱对ZnO∶H薄膜的结晶性能和光学性质进行表征。结果表明,ZnO∶H薄膜(002)和(102)面的Ω扫描半峰全宽分别为46.1 mrad和81.4 mrad,表明该薄膜具有良好的结晶性能；室温下,ZnO∶H薄膜具有较强的紫外光发射(380 nm),在低温10 K光致发光谱中观测到位于3.3630 eV处与氢相关的中性施主束缚激子峰(I4)及其位于3.331 eV处的双电子卫星峰(TES)。采用退火的方法,通过观测I4峰的强度变化,研究了氢在ZnO∶H薄膜中的热稳定性。发现随着退火温度的升高,I4峰的强度逐渐减弱,表明在高温下退火,氢会从ZnO薄膜中逸出。     

N2O为氧源金属有机化学气相沉积生长ZnO薄膜的光学性能研究

采用常压金属有机化学气相沉积(AP-MOCVD)技术、三步生长法,分别以H2O和N2O为氧源,DEZn为Zn源,N2作载气,在c-Al2O3衬底上生长出了晶体质量较好的ZnO薄膜。用X射线双晶衍射(DCXRD)和光致发光谱对ZnO薄膜的结晶性能和光学性质进行表征。结果显示,ZnO倾斜对称面(10-12)的ω扫描半峰全宽为350″,表明ZnO薄膜结晶性能良好;低温10 K光致发光谱结果表明,N2O为氧源生长的ZnO膜和H2O为氧源生长的ZnO膜的发光特性明显不同,没有观察到与氢有关的中性施主束缚激子对应的3.331 eV双电子卫星峰(TES)。这一结果表明,用N2O为氧源生长的ZnO薄膜中不易引进氢杂质。     

MOCVD法生长ZnO薄膜的结构及光学特性

采用MOCVD方法在c Al2 O3衬底上生长出了具有单一c轴取向的ZnO薄膜 ,采用X射线衍射 (XRD)、Raman散射、X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)及光致发光 (PL)谱等方法对ZnO薄膜的结构及光学特性进行分析测试。XRD分析只观察到ZnO薄膜 (0 0 0 2 )衍射峰 ,其FWHM数值为 0 1 84°。Raman散射谱中 ,4 35 32cm- 1 处喇曼峰为ZnO的E2 (high)振动模 ,A1 (LO)振动模位于 5 75 32cm- 1 处。XPS分析表明 :ZnO薄膜表面易吸附游离态氧 ,刻蚀后ZnO薄膜O1s光电子能谱峰位于 5 30 2eV ,更接近Zn—O键中O1s电子结合能 (5 30 4eV)。PL谱中 ,在3 2 8eV处观察到了自由激子发射峰 ,而深能级跃迁峰位于 2 5 5eV ,二者峰强比值为 4 0∶1 ,表明生长的ZnO薄膜具有较高的光学质量     

ZnO∶V薄膜后退火处理前后的微结构与发光特性

利用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法在单晶硅(100)衬底上分别制备了ZnO∶V薄膜和纯ZnO薄膜。为进一步研究后退火对ZnO∶V薄膜结构和发光性质的影响,在两段式快速退火后又在800℃下进行了后退火处理。X射线衍射的结果表明:后退火处理前,钒(V)的掺入使ZnO结晶质量变差,而800℃退火处理后,从ZnO的衍射峰中可以看出,相对于无V杂样品其结晶质量变好。扫描电子显微镜形貌图中可以看出制备的样品薄膜颗粒大小均匀,薄膜致密度较高。光致发光(PL)谱的研究表明:ZnO∶V薄膜在800℃退火处理后,紫外和绿带发光峰均增强,但紫外发光峰增强得更多;与同样条件下制备的纯ZnO薄膜的PL谱比较,发现V掺杂后样品的紫外激子复合发光峰的强度明显增强且峰位发生蓝移,而缺陷引起的绿带发光峰的强度降低。     

石英衬底上Au缓冲层对ZnO薄膜微结构的影响

采用单源化学气相沉积(SSCVD)法,在石英衬底上以Au为缓冲层,Zn4(OH)2(O2CCH3)6.2H2O为固相源制备ZnO薄膜。SEM和XRD测试ZnO薄膜的微结构,结果表明:相对于SiO2衬底上生长的ZnO薄膜,Au/SiO2衬底上生长的ZnO薄膜具有较好的结晶质量和表面平整度;对制备ZnO薄膜的衬底温度进行了工艺优化,结果表明:500℃时制备的ZnO薄膜颗粒大小均匀,结晶质量较好;通过荧光光谱仪对Au/SiO2衬底上的ZnO薄膜进行光致发光(PL)谱测试,ZnO薄膜在400nm出现紫光发射峰,而没有出现与缺陷相关的深能级发射峰,表明ZnO薄膜具有较好的结晶质量。     

热处理对ZnO∶Zn荧光薄膜结晶性能的影响

用热处理方法对电子束蒸发制备的ZnO∶Zn荧光薄膜分别进行400,600℃退火处理。采用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜、光致发光光谱等方法,表征了ZnO∶Zn荧光薄膜的结构、成分、形貌、发光性能。在ZnO∶Zn荧光薄膜的X射线衍射谱和扫描电子显微镜照片中,可以看出经退火处理后结晶状况大大改善,多晶结构趋于规则,晶粒更加均匀且膜层结构更加致密。在ZnO∶Zn荧光薄膜的光致发光谱中,检测到490 nm处发光峰,认为一价氧空位(VO)充当发光中心,且薄膜的光致发光强度受热处理温度的影响很大。实验表明随着退火温度的升高,薄膜的结晶程度提高,弥补了薄膜晶体表面的表面缺陷,薄膜的发光性能不断提高。     

KrF准分子激光退火氢化非晶碳化硅薄膜的晶化研究

介绍了利用KrF准分子脉冲激光对氢化非晶碳化硅(a-SiC∶H)薄膜进行激光退火以实现薄膜的结晶化。利用等离子增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)在单晶Si(100)衬底上制备a-SiC∶H薄膜, 再用不同能量密度的激光对薄膜样品进行退火。分析表明, 选用合适能量密度的激光退火能够实现a-SiC∶H薄膜的结晶化, 且结晶颗粒大小随着入射激光能量密度的增加而增大; 显微图表明当入射能量密度超过200 mJ/cm2时, 薄膜表面出现由热弹性波引起的表面波纹现象, a-SiC∶H薄膜结晶过程为液相结晶; 傅里叶红外谱(FTIR)表明随着入射能量密度增加, 薄膜中氢含量降低, Si-C峰增强并且峰位出现蓝移, 薄膜的结晶度提高。     

ZnO：V薄膜后退火处理前后的微结构与发光特性

利用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法在单晶硅(100)衬底上分别制备了ZnO:V薄膜和纯ZnO薄膜。为进一步研究后退火对ZnO:V薄膜结构和发光性质的影响,在两段式快速退火后又在800℃下进行了后退火处理。X射线衍射的结果表明:后退火处理前,钒(V)的掺入使ZnO结晶质量变差,而800℃退火处理后,从ZnO的衍射峰中可以看出,相对于无V杂样品其结晶质量变好。扫描电子显微镜形貌图中可以看出制备的样品薄膜颗粒大小均匀,薄膜致密度较高。光致发光(PL)谱的研究表明:ZnO:V薄膜在800℃退火处理后,紫外和绿带发光峰均增强,但紫外发光峰增强得更多;与同样条件下制备的纯ZnO薄膜的PL谱比较,发现V掺杂后样品的紫外激子复合发光峰的强度明显增强且峰位发生蓝移,而缺陷引起的绿带发光峰的强度降低。     

N掺杂ZnO薄膜的荧光特性研究

以N2为掺杂源,通过改变O2∶N2比,利用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备了具有[002]择优取向的N掺杂ZnO薄膜,研究了ZnO薄膜的光致发光谱随着N掺入量的不同而变化的规律.结果表明,薄膜主衍射峰为402 nm处的发光峰;由于N掺杂量的不同,有的薄膜在445 nm和524 nm处也有发光发存在,但随着薄膜N含量的不同,其发光峰强度明显不同,其峰位也发生了相应的红移或者蓝移.当O2∶N2为10∶ 15时,制备的薄膜N掺杂量最大,光学性能最好,此工艺为研究ZnO薄膜的缺陷类型及导电类型提供了重要的研究参考.     

退火温度及退火气氛对ZnO薄膜的结构及发光性能的影响(英文)

采用脉冲激光沉积技术在Si/蓝宝石衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜,结合快速退火设备研究了不同退火温度(500~900℃)及退火气氛(N2,O2)对薄膜的结构及其发光性能的影响。并优化条件得到具有最小半峰全宽及最大晶粒尺寸的薄膜。X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明:氮气氛下退火的ZnO薄膜最佳退火温度为900℃;氧气氛下退火的ZnO薄膜最佳退火温度为800℃。红外(IR)光谱中,退火后Zn-O特征振动峰红移,说明在退火过程中,原子重新排布后占据较低能量位置;同样的退火温度下,氮气氛下退火的薄膜质量更优。同步辐射光电子能谱(synchrotron-based XPS)分别表征了未退火及N2,O2下900℃退火的ZnO薄膜,分峰拟合结果表明氧气氛下退火产生更多的氧空位。结构表征结合光致发光(PL)谱表明绿光的发光峰与氧空位有关。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.