一维纳米Co_3O_4,Ag/Co_3O_4及CuO/Co_3O_4的合成与电催化性能(英文)

采用水热合成法制备了Co3O4及复合Ag/Co3O4、CuO/Co3O4一维纳米产品。用XRD,FE-SEM和TEM手段对产品进行了表征。采用循环伏安法研究了合成产品修饰的玻碳电极在碱性溶液中对对硝基苯酚的电催化还原性能。与裸玻碳电极相比,1mmol·L-1的对硝基苯酚在用Co3O4、特别是CuO/Co3O4修饰的玻碳电极上还原的峰电流明显增大,用Ag/Co3O4(Ag/Co原子比分别为1∶5和2∶5)修饰的玻碳电极催化还原对硝基苯酚时,尽管还原峰电流增大不是太大,但其峰电位明显降低(分别降低0.265和0.371V)。     

聚甲苯胺蓝/碳纳米管/玻碳电极同时伏安法测定苯二酚异构体

通过电聚合甲苯胺蓝于多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上制备了聚甲苯胺蓝/碳纳米管/玻碳电极,研究了三种苯二酚异构体在该电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,修饰电极对苯二酚异构体的氧化表现出优异的电催化性能和选择性。考察了各种影响因素。在5.0×10-6～2.0×10-4mol/L的范围内,苯二酚异构体的阳极峰电流与其浓度有线性关系,建立了一种同时伏安分析3种苯二酚异构体的新方法。     

电聚合硫菫膜修饰电极同时测定儿茶酚和氢醌

制备了电聚合硫堇膜修饰的玻碳电极(Thi/GCE),研究了儿茶酚(CC)和氢醌(HQ)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.在CC和HQ共存体系中,二者在该修饰电极上与裸玻碳电极(GCE)相比,氧化峰电流增大且峰电位分别负移至165、68 mV,二者的氧化峰电位差变大且半峰宽变窄,使得两峰得以有效分离.据此利用差分脉冲伏安法可选...     

基于多壁碳纳米管/壳聚糖多层膜修饰玻碳电极邻苯二酚的测定

改进了碳纳米管在壳聚糖溶液中的分散方法,制备了多壁碳纳米管/壳聚糖多层膜修饰玻碳电极,对比了不同修饰层数膜电极的循环伏安和电化学阻抗行为,5层多壁碳纳米管/壳聚糖膜修饰玻碳电极的电化学性能优良.在最优实验条件下,该修饰玻碳电极对邻苯二酚(CAT)有灵敏的响应,CAT浓度在3.99×10-6～9.09×10-4mol/L范围内与氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限为2.39×10-6mol/L(S/N=3).该修饰玻碳电极性能稳定,测定4×10-5mol/LCAT溶液,RSD(n=10)为2.1%;15周后,该电极的响应值仅降低1.9%.     

普鲁士蓝/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极测定维生素C

利用电化学方法在多壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极表面聚合一层普鲁士蓝,制备普鲁士蓝/多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极,运用循环伏安法研究了维生素C(vc)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.该修饰电极对Vc显示出快速的电化学响应和较好的电催化活性,在pH为4.0的磷酸盐溶液中,Ve浓度与其氧化峰电流在8.0×10-4～1.0×10-2 mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9993,检测限为6.4×10-5mol/L.该电极具有较好的稳定性和重现性.     

抗坏血酸在聚对羟基苯甲酸修饰玻碳电极上的催化电氧化行为

通过循环伏安(CV)制备了聚对羟基苯甲酸(poly-PHB)修饰的玻碳电极. 考察了电极对抗坏血酸(AA)电氧化的催化性能. 结果显示,聚对羟基苯甲酸修饰玻碳电极对AA氧化有很好的电催化作用. 在修饰电极上产生的峰电流比在未修饰电极上产生的氧化峰电流大4倍,氧化峰电位负移205 mV. 氧化峰电流与AA浓度在2.6×10-5～3.68 ×10-4 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,相关系数为0.998 4,检测限为5×10-6 mol/L(S/N=3). 在AA与多巴胺(DA)共存的体系中,能排除DA对抗坏血酸测定的干扰.     

电化学还原的氧化石墨烯修饰电极检测L-色氨酸

制备了氧化石墨烯修饰玻碳电极,并运用循环伏安法对氧化石墨烯进行了直接的电化学还原,研究了L-色氨酸在该电化学还原的氧化石墨烯修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,L-色氨酸在该修饰电极上其氧化峰电流与裸玻碳电极相比增大了7.1倍,且峰电位负移80mV。利用差分脉冲伏安法,在pH=6.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中测定L-色氨酸,氧化峰电流与其浓度在0.4～65.0μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.998,方法检出限为0.2μmol/L。     

新型纳米金直接修饰玻碳电极的制备及其电催化活性

在不使用交联剂的情况下,借助种子媒介纳米金属生长法将纳米金直接修饰到玻碳电极表面.试验发现纳米金粒子在电极表面覆盖率为5.4×10-10 mol·cm-2,[Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4-氧化还原电子探针的试验证明,纳米金修饰玻碳电极表面的电子传递速率是使用交联剂制备电极的四倍.与裸玻碳电极相比,抗坏血酸在该电极表面的氧化峰电位负移150 mV,峰电流提高2.2μA,同时与尿酸的氧化峰电位差达到186 mV,可用于抗坏血酸和尿酸的同时检测.     

抗坏血酸在聚对羟基苯甲酸(poly-PHB)修饰玻碳上的电催化

过循环伏安制备了聚对羟基苯甲酸修饰的玻碳电极。考察了该电极对抗坏血酸的电催化性能。结果显示,聚对羟基苯甲酸修饰玻碳电极对抗坏血酸有很好的电催化作用。在修饰后的电极上产生的峰电流比修饰前的电极产生的峰电流大4倍,氧化峰电位负移189 mV。其氧化峰电流与抗坏血酸浓度在2.6×10-5~3.68 ×10-4mol/L范围内呈线性关系,相关性系数为0.9984,检测限为5×10-6 mol/L(S /N = 3)。在AA与UA共存的体系中,能排除多巴胺对抗坏血酸测定的干扰。     

新型纳米铂修饰玻碳电极的制备及电催化性能研究

研究了一种新型纳米铂修饰玻碳电极的制备方法,并对其电化学催化性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,通过电沉积前在金刚石粉末悬浊液中对玻碳电极进行超声处理,可制备出新型玻碳电极。经超声处理后,金刚石颗粒在玻碳电极基体上产生了数微米长的划痕。电沉积过程中,在该电极上可沉积分布较密集的平均尺寸为110nm的Pt颗粒。这种新型纳米铂修饰玻碳电极的表面电化学活性值为0.397 m2/g,高于普通铂修饰玻碳电极,且在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中具有良好的电化学稳定性。     

Copper oxide-modified glassy carbon electrode prepared through copper hexacyanoferrate–G5-PAMAM dendrimer templates as electrocatalyst for carbohydrate and alcohol oxidation

We describe the modification of a glassy carbon electrode by electro-deposition of copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) in the presence of an amine-terminated dendrimer (PAMAM) as a template. The electrode containing the CuHCF template was cycled in alkaline solution to generate a layer of cupric oxide (CuO). The mechanism of the formation of CuO and its electrocatalytic activity were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the CuO prepared by this method has a meso-porous grid-like appearance. The formation of CuO was identified by XPS analysis of the modified electrode. The ability of the CuHCF film towards the electrocatalytic oxidation of carbohydrates and alcohols was detected using cyclic voltammetry. The over-potential required for carbohydrate and alcohol oxidation is lowered by ~400 mV compared to other chemically modified electrodes reported in the literature. Simple methodology has been adopted in this work for the preparation of the catalytically active electrode, and this work also explains the structure directing effect of dendrimer and its influence on the electrocatalytic oxidation of analytes.     

Electrochemical determination of nitrite and iodate based on Pt nanoparticles self-assembled on a chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode

A promising electrochemical sensor was fabricated by the self-assembling of Pt nanoparticles (nano-Pts) on a chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). A field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical techniques were used for characterization of these composites. It has been found that nano-Pts are inserted into the CS layer uniformly, and have a larger surface area compared to the chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode. Electrocatalytic experiments for the oxidation of nitrite and the reduction of iodate have shown that nano-Pts/CS/GCE can decrease the over-potential and increase the faradic current, which can be used for the sensitive determination of nitrite and iodate. Moreover, the prepared modified electrode exhibits good reproducibility and stability, and it is possible that this novel electrochemical sensor can be applied in the sensing and/or biosensing field.     

PEDOT‐Modified Microelectrodes. Preparation,Characterisation and Analytical Performances

Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) modified microelectrodes were prepared by electropolymerisation of the relevant monomer from CH₃CN or H₂O solutions. The electrochemical behaviour of the obtained coatings was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in both organic and aqueous media. The anodic responses obtained for a typical benchmark analyte such as ascorbic acid was used to test the different coatings; calibration curves were built up in order to evaluate the repeatability of the response and the reproducibility of the prepared sensing system. Moreover, the ability of the modified microelectrodes to work in low conductivity media was studied, and exploratory tests in dense food matrix was performed.     

Nafion修饰碳纤维微电极在抗坏血酸共存下选择性测定去甲肾上腺素

制备了碳纤维微电极,将洁净的碳纤维微电极浸入Nafion溶液中,采用电沉积的方法制得Nafion修饰碳纤维微电极。采用循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了去甲肾上腺素(NE)和抗坏血酸(AA)在电极上的电化学行为。结果表明:在最优条件下制备的Nafion修饰电极能完全屏蔽AA的电化学响应,而对NE仍表现出良好的电化学响应。修饰电极能在1.0 mmol/L AA的共存下选择性地测定NE,采用DPV进行检测,NE的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10~(-6)~1.0×10~(-4)mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r~2)为0.991 2,检出限(S/N=3)为8.6×10~(-7)mol/L。利用该方法测定了模拟样品中NE的含量,平均加标回收率为101.6%。该电极的重现性和稳定性良好,且具有良好的灵敏度和选择性,有望用于复杂生物环境中NE浓度的检测。     

复合聚合物修饰的粉末微电极及其对亚硝酸根还原的催化

本论文简述用Nafion_Os(bpy) 3 2 + /PVP复合膜修饰的乙炔黑粉末微电极 ,以亚硝酸根还原为模型反应 ,实现从复合修饰及扩大电极比表面两方面改善电极性能的思路 .结果表明 ,它同时显示Nafion_Os(bpy) 3 2 + /PVP修饰电极对NO2 -及NO+ 双重富集并再生活性粒子NO+ 、防止中继体流失、加速膜中中继体传输、改变反应途径等复合修饰电极的多种功能以及粉末微电极的高比表面、高液相传质速度以及薄层效应的特性 .与平面修饰电极及裸粉末微电极相比 ,它明显提高了酸性溶液中亚硝酸根还原的可逆性、呈数量级地提高稳态极限电流密度以及NO2 -的检测指标 .     

同多酸和杂多酸修饰微电极的电化学研究 Ⅶ.磷钒钼杂多酸薄膜修饰微电极和杂多酸/聚苯胺薄膜修饰微电极的制备和电化学性质

本文详细描述了磷钒钼杂多酸（PV2Mo10）极薄膜修饰碳纤维（CF）微电极和PV2Mo10／聚苯胶（PAn）薄膜修饰微电极的制备及其电化学性质。     

Indirect Determination of Ascorbic Acid with Ammonium Sulfate and Isopropyl Alcohol by Extraction-flotation of Copper

A new method of indirect determination of ascorbic acid(Vc) with ammonium sulfateand isopropyl alcohol by extraction-flotation of copper is studied in this paper. It shows that asmall amount of Cu( II ) can be reduced to Cu( I ) by Vc, then Cu( I ) reacted with the SCN-,which precipitated on the interface of isopropyl alcohol and H2O. A good linear relationshin is observed between the flotation yield(E) of Cu( II ) and the amount of Vc. The detection limi(forVc is 1.76 μg/mL. The method is simple, rapid (5 rain), but suffers from little interference of common anions and cations. It has been successfully applied for the determination of Vc in fruits.     

Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Tungsten Wires: A New Class of Microelectrochemical Sensors

This paper reports the fabrication and the outstanding performance characteristics of novel microelectrodes consisting of tungsten (W) wires coated with homogeneous layers of single‐walled C nanotubes (SWNT). A series of studies using cyclic voltammetry indicate that the SWNT‐modified W electrodes possess interesting electrochemical features. In fact, they are able to catalyse electron transfer reactions involving a series of inorganic and biological molecules. These electrodes are characterized by a fast electron transfer, a wide working potential window, and a low background current. Moreover they demonstrate excellent reproducibility, good stability in various chemical media, and very high sensitivity towards a series of inorganic and organic compounds. The SWNT modified microelectrodes have been tested for the capacity to electrochemically detect ferrocene monocarboxylic acid and potassium hexacyanoferrate as well of a series of interesting biological molecules which include catechol, caffeic acid, DOPAC, ascorbic acid, L ‐tyrosine, acetaminophen, guanine, uric acid, and the neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine, and serotonin (5‐HT) hydrochloride. The advantages of the SWNT‐modified W electrodes are illustrated by comparing their analytical performance with that of conventional electrodes.     

Multiwall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Mediatorless Detection of Putrescine

γ‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)‐induced solubilization of multi‐wall carbon nanotube CNTs allowed for the modification of electrode surfaces. APTES also served as an immobilization matrix for putrescine oxidase (POx) to construct an amperometric biosensor. Although CNTs modified by APTES acted as semiconductors to reduce the exposed sensing surface, we reasoned that nanoscale “dendrites” of CNTS modified by APTES formed a network and projected outwards from the electrode surface and acted like bundled ultra‐microelectrodes that allowed access to the active site and facilitated direct electron transfer to the immobilized enzyme. Our biosensor was able to efficiently monitor direct electroactivity of POx at the electrode surface. The putrescine biosensor prepared using the modified glassy carbon electrode exhibited current response within 10 s with a detection limit of 500 nM.     

Modified microelectrodes and multivariate calibration for flow injection amperometric simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, epinephrine and dipyrone

Flow injection amperometric quantification of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP) and dipyrone (DI) in mixtures (in the microgram g-1 range) was successfully performed by using an array of microelectrodes with units modified by the electrodeposition of different noble metals, together with multivariate calibration analysis. The four groups of microelectrodes utilized included a pure gold electrode and electrodes modified by electrodeposition of platinum, palladium or a mixture of platinum + palladium. The array of microelectrodes was inserted in a flow cell and the amperometric data acquisition was performed with a four-channel potentiostat. The analysis of the resulting signals was carried out by a multivariate calibration method, using a group of 16 standard mixtures selected by a two-level factorial design. The analysis of synthetic samples and pharmaceutical compounds containing AA and DI led to very similar values to those obtained by the classical iodimetric analysis. The average absolute errors (in microgram g-1) calculated for each analyte were 0.3, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.4 for AA, DA, EP and DI, respectively.