用交流法测量钛酸钡半导体电阻中极化子导电到能带导电的转变

采用交流法测量大功率商用钛酸钡（BT）陶瓷加热器的电阻和加热功率随温度的变化关系，结果显示，BT陶瓷的电导特性在80℃附近出现了明显的转变，从低温时的极化于跳跃导电转变为高温时的能带导电，此时，电阻出现极小值，而加热功率出现极大值．     

复合型导电硅橡胶的电阻温度特性研究

研究了复合型导电硅橡胶的电阻温度特性,分析了升温过程中导电硅橡胶电阻特性的详细变化过程.研究了导电粒子含量对导电硅橡胶电阻温度特性的影响,测量了在不同热处理温度下电阻率的变化及加力时电阻的弛豫时间.分析了热处理对电阻特性影响的机理. 关键词：     

导电媒质电阻的四种计算方法

通过计算扇形导电媒质的电阻,总结出计算电阻的四种基本方法.     

碳纳米管网络导电特征的导电型原子力显微镜研究

利用导电型原子力显微镜对大范围碳纳米管（CNT）网络的导电性能进行成像观察.研究发现：在几十微米的成像范围内,每根CNT本身的电阻远小于CNT之间的接触电阻,以致于在电压偏置的网络中不同的CNT呈现电位不同的等位体;CNT的导电性能虽不因与其他CNT的交叠接触而改变,但是如果缠绕成束,则半导体性CNT趋于呈现金属性CNT的导电特征. 关键词： 导电型原子力显微镜 碳纳米管网络 碳管纳米电导     

利用导电橡胶改进薄膜霍尔效应实验装置

介绍了利用导电橡胶对薄膜霍尔效应装置的改进方案及对新装置的性能测试结果.初步证实了将导电橡胶应用于薄膜霍尔效应测量装置时,具有电流线平行、不损伤薄膜、装片方便、接触电阻低、接触稳定等优点.     

离子辐照对聚苯乙烯低温导电特性的影响

室温下用3MeV的硅离子对聚苯乙烯(PS)进行辐照,对辐照后的样品在室温至液氮温度范围的导电特性进行了测量.结果表明,当辐照剂量在1×1012cm-2附近,PS的室温电阻发生突变.随着温度的降低,PS电阻增大,在低辐照剂量下,电阻在155K附近急剧增加.对于高辐射剂量样品,在较高的温度下呈现热激活导电,在低温下电子通过隧穿传导.分析认为,PS电阻随温度的变化是由于不同剂量辐照离子在聚合物中形成的对电子传导有贡献的导电中心密度不同.通过拟合样品的渗流临界特性,分析了样品电阻随辐照剂量的变化 关键词： 聚苯乙烯 硅离子辐照 低温导电     

导电PI/纳米炭黑复合材料的制备和测试

以均苯四甲酸二酐、4,4'-二氨基二苯醚、炭黑为主要原材料制成填充型导电PI/纳米炭黑复合材料.经电子显微镜及伏安法等对其性能进行表征,结果发现:掺入纳米炭黑能使PI的导电能力增强,且这种能力随炭黑掺入量增加而提高,但是炭黑含量继续增加却会引起聚合物体系中团聚现象的加剧,导致导电能力下降,当掺入量为6%时复合材料导电性能达最好,电阻为4.02×106 Ω.     

导电颗粒属性对各向异性导电粘合剂电导的影响

利用差分法对导电粘合剂中导电颗粒的属性(包括导电颗粒的形状、大小等)对导电粘合剂电导的影响进行了计算.在交流信号下，导电粘合剂的金属填充颗粒越小，导电粘合剂的电导越大.通过理论计算发现，导电粘合剂的导电颗粒若为球形(正方体)，导电粘合剂的电导与金属颗粒的半径(边长)成反比例变化；若为长方体或圆柱体颗粒，则电导随颗粒高度的增加而减小，而基本不随颗粒底面积的改变而变化. 关键词： 导电粘合剂 电导 导电颗粒 差分法     

也谈导电薄膜两点间电阻的计算

读了《物理实验》第7卷第5期姜仁滨、王宛珏的“导电薄膜上两点间电阻的计算”一文,觉得其中的一些提法欠妥,兹提出我们的看法以供讨论. 一、导电介质中放任意的两电极(图1),不论导电介质是三维,还是二维(导电薄膜),它们之间的电阻值理论上都是可     

直流电场下聚吡咯薄膜导电机理的研究

测量了液氮温区导电聚吡咯薄膜在直流电场下的电阻，发现电阻对电场有依赖关系。所有的结果在变程跳跃理论上得到很的解释。     

纳米流体介质导热机理初探

纳米流体导热行为具有许多奇异的特性，结合纳米流体的特点和微尺度传热学原理，研究了 热流在纳米颗粒内波动式及非限域的热传导特性、纳米颗粒在悬浮液内的布朗运动、颗粒- 液体界面上液膜层原子的有规则排列、以及纳米颗粒的团簇形成及移动等四方面因素对纳米 流体导热系数的影响. 关键词： 纳米流体 导热     

Heat conduction in a random medium

The method of time-ordered cumulants is used to investigate the behavior of heat pulses in a one-dimensional medium in which the thermal conductivity is random. A partial differential equation is obtained for the average temperature profile; it is the heat equation modified by the addition of a fourth-order spatial derivative. A solution is obtained by asymptotic series. The first two spatial moments of the average temperature profile are evaluated and are shown to tend to those of a Gaussian whent is large. Finally, an equation is obtained for the covariance function.Alfred P. Sloan Fellow.     

The first-principles calculation of molecular conduction

We used the self-consistent method-based density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) to simulate molecular transport. Our numerical calculations for the organic molecular measurement made by Reichert et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., 2002, 88: 176804) and for the alkanedithiols measurement made by Xu et al. (Science, 2003, 301: 1221) met the related experimental values quite well. This means that the first-principles calculations based on DFT and NEGF can well explain the conduction measurements of some large molecules. The numerical study reveals the fact that molecular conduction does not obey the classic law; in stead it illustrates the quantum behavior. We designed active molecular transistors controlled by the gate bias with high working frequency. They may be the next generation electronic devices.      

Information filtering via weighted heat conduction algorithm

In this paper, by taking into account effects of the user and object correlations on a heat conduction (HC) algorithm, a weighted heat conduction (WHC) algorithm is presented. We argue that the edge weight of the user-object bipartite network should be embedded into the HC algorithm to measure the object similarity. The numerical results indicate that both the accuracy and diversity could be improved greatly compared with the standard HC algorithm and the optimal values reached simultaneously. On the Movielens and Netflix datasets, the algorithmic accuracy, measured by the average ranking score, can be improved by 39.7% and 56.1% in the optimal case, respectively, and the diversity could reach 0.9587 and 0.9317 when the recommendation list equals to 5. Further statistical analysis indicates that, in the optimal case, the distributions of the edge weight are changed to the Poisson form, which may be the reason why HC algorithm performance could be improved. This work highlights the effect of edge weight on a personalized recommendation study, which maybe an important factor affecting personalized recommendation performance.     

放电过程中脉冲磁体的热传导

对脉冲磁体放电过程中的热传导进行理论分析与实验测试,结果表明：对于短脉冲磁体,采用绝热模型与考虑热传导后的模型所得计算结果相近,并且二者均与实验测量得到的结果相符;对于长脉冲磁体,由于热传导时间相对较长,绝热模型计算得到的温升与考虑热传导后模型得到的温升有较大差别。通过理论分析可知：无论是短脉冲磁体还是长脉冲磁体,放电过程中的热传导只对磁体温升分布有较大影响,而对磁场波形则几乎没有影响。     

基于热质运动概念的普适导热定律

根据爱因斯坦的质能等效关系式,热能具有的等效质量称为热质,从而在固态和气态介质中分别建立了声子气质量和热子气质量的概念.应用牛顿定律建立了含有驱动力、阻力和惯性力的热质(声子气或热子气)运动的动量守恒方程.由于热量在介质中的传递本质上就是热质(声子气和热子气)在介质中的运动,所以热质动量守恒方程就是普适的导热定律,能够统一描述各种条件下的导热规律.当热流密度不是很大从而热质惯性力可以忽略时,热质动量守恒方程就退化为傅里叶导热定律,这表明傅里叶导热定律是特殊条件下的导热定律,对于微纳尺度条件下的导热,热流密度可以极高,由速度空间变化引起的惯性力不能忽略,在稳态导热情况下也将出现非傅里叶导热,此时在计算或者实验中不能用热流密度除温度梯度求导热系数.在超快速加热条件下,必需考虑惯性力,与基于CV导热模型的波动方程相比,普适的导热定律增加了因速度空间变化引起的惯性力项,所以在介质中热波叠加时不会出现产生负温度的非物理现象,表明基于热质运动概念的普适导热定律更为合理. 关键词： 傅里叶导热定律 普适导热定律 热质运动 非傅里叶导热     

Universality in heat conduction theory: weakly nonlocal thermodynamics

A linear irreversible thermodynamic framework of heat conduction in rigid conductors is introduced. The deviation from local equilibrium is characterized by a single internal variable and a current multiplier. A general constitutive evolution equation of the current density of the internal energy is derived by introducing a linear relationship between the thermodynamic forces and fluxes. The well‐known Fourier, Maxwell–Cattaneo–Vernotte, Guyer–Krumhansl, Jeffreys‐type, and Green–Naghdi‐type equations of heat conduction are obtained as special cases. The universal character of the approach is demonstrated by two examples. Solutions illustrating the properties of the equation with jump boundary conditions are given.     

单锥形纳米孔的制备和离子传导特性研究

用荷能重离子径迹刻蚀的方法在高分子多聚物膜 (PET) 上制备出单锥形纳米孔. 刻蚀过程通过监测跨膜电流来控制, 最大刻蚀电流I_max不同, 得到的锥形孔小孔孔径也不同. 研究单锥形纳米孔在KCl 溶液中的I-V曲线发现, 单锥形纳米孔的离子传导呈现出不对称特性, 该现象称为整流效应, 整流系数γ大小随纳米小孔孔径大小和电解质溶液浓度而变化. 关键词： 径迹刻蚀 纳米孔 离子传导 整流系数     

The hopping variable range conduction in amorphous InAs thin films

This paper studies the influence of temperature on electrical resistivity in α-InAs thin films between 30 K-2K based on the analysis of Mott VRH model and ES VRH model. The effect of the interactions between electrons at lower temperature must be considered, therefore, ES VRH conduction will dominate mechanism, and the crossover from Mott to ES VRH conduction is observed about 7 K. Based on available experiment data and VRH conduction model, the parameters of VRH conduction are determined. And the calculated values of T_C are consistent with the experimental results. In addition, R_M/ξ, Δ_M/kT, R_ES/ξ and Δ_ES/kT are satisfied with the validity of Mott and ES models. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of resistivity at low temperature obeys a universal scaling law, which well describes the overall temperature range of VRH conduction. However, the values of T^’_M from the universal function are two order of magnitudes lower than T_M deduced from fitting experiment.