A constructive method for approximating trigonometric functions and their integrals

This paper presents an interpolation-based method(IBM) for approximating some trigonometric functions or their integrals as well. It provides two-sided bounds for each function,which also achieves much better approximation effects than those of prevailing methods. In principle, the IBM can be applied for bounding more bounded smooth functions and their integrals as well, and its applications include approximating the integral of sin(x)/x function and improving the famous square root inequalities.     

Analysis of a collocation method for integrating rapidly oscillatory functions

A collocation method for approximating integrals of rapidly oscillatory functions is analyzed. The method is efficient for integrals involving Bessel functions J_v(rx) with a large oscillation frequency parameter r, as well as for many other one- and multi-dimensional integrals of functions with rapid irregular oscillations. The analysis provides a convergence rate and it shows that the relative error of the method is even decreasing as the frequency of the oscillations increases.     

Indefinite integrals involving the incomplete elliptic integral of the third kind

A substantial number of new indefinite integrals involving the incomplete elliptic integral of the third kind are presented, together with a few integrals for the other two kinds of incomplete elliptic integral. These have been derived using a Lagrangian method which is based on the differential equations which these functions satisfy. Techniques for obtaining new integrals are discussed, together with transformations of the governing differential equations. Integrals involving products combining elliptic integrals of different kinds are also presented.     

The plane wave expansion, infinite integrals and identities involving spherical Bessel functions

This paper shows that the plane wave expansion can be a useful tool in obtaining analytical solutions to infinite integrals over spherical Bessel functions and the derivation of identities for these functions. The integrals are often used in nuclear scattering calculations, where an analytical result can provide an insight into the reaction mechanism. A technique is developed whereby an integral over several special functions which cannot be found in any standard integral table can be broken down into integrals that have existing analytical solutions.     

Approximate solution of integral equations and convolution integrals using Legendre polynomials

It has been argued that Chebyshev polynomials are ideal to use as approximating functions to obtain solutions of integral equations and convolution integrals on account of their fast convergence. Using the standard deviation as a measure of the accuracy of the approximation and the CPU time as a measure of the speed, we find that for reasonable accuracy Legendre polynomials are more efficient.     

Representations of solutions of Lindblad equations by randomized Feynman formulas

Representations of solutions of Lindblad equations by randomized Feynman integrals over trajectories are obtained by averaging similar representations for solutions of stochastic Schrödinger equations (Schrödinger–Belavkin equations). An approach based on the application of Chernoff’s theorem is applied. First, (randomized) Feynman formulas approximating Feynman path integrals are obtained; these formulas contain integrals over finite Cartesian powers of the space of values of the functions over which the Feynman integrals are taken.     

Indefinite integrals involving complete elliptic integrals of the third kind

A method developed recently for obtaining indefinite integrals of functions obeying inhomogeneous second-order linear differential equations has been applied to obtain integrals with respect to the modulus of the complete elliptic integral of the third kind. A formula is derived which gives an integral involving the complete integral of the third kind for every known integral for the complete elliptic integral of the second kind. The formula requires only differentiation and can therefore be applied for any such integral, and it is applied here to almost all such integrals given in the literature. Some additional integrals are derived using the recurrence relations for the complete elliptic integrals. This gives a total of 27 integrals for the complete integral of the third kind, including the single integral given in the literature. Some typographical errors in a previous related paper are corrected.     

Radial basis approximation and its application to biharmonic equation

Order of approximating functions and their derivatives by radial bases on arbitrarily scattered data is derived. And then radial bases are used to construct solutions of biharmonic equations that approximate potential integrals for the exact solutions with the order of approximation derived.     

Two-Point Taylor Expansions of Analytic Functions

Taylor expansions of analytic functions are considered with respect to two points. Cauchy-type formulas are given for coefficients and remainders in the expansions, and the regions of convergence are indicated. It is explained how these expansions can be used in deriving uniform asymptotic expansions of integrals. The method is also used for obtaining Laurent expansions in two points.     

Representation of a multiple integral of special form by a series

Multiple integrals generalizing the iterated kernels of linear integral equations are expressed by a series each of whose terms is proportional to the product of two orthogonal functions in the case of a similar representation of the kernel. Besides integral equations, these integrals have applications in the theory of Markov processes. The results obtained are illustrated by several examples.     

Numerical integration of functions with poles near the interval of integration

An automatic quadrature scheme is presented for approximating integrals of functions that are analytic in the interval of integration but contain pole (or poles) of order 2, i.e., a double pole on the real axis or a complex conjugate pair of double poles, near the interval of integration. The present scheme is based on product integration rules of interpolatory type, using function values of the abscissae only in the interval of integration. The integral is approximated and evaluated by using recurrence relations and some extrapolation method after the smooth part of the integrand is expanded in terms of the Chebyshev polynomials. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique is used to generate efficiently the sequence of the finite Chebyshev series expansions until an approximation of the integral satisfying the required tolerance is obtained with an adequate estimate of the error. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the performance of the method.     

Symmetry Classification for Jackson Integrals Associated with Irreducible Reduced Root Systems

We state certain product formulae for Jackson integrals associated with irreducible reduced root systems. The Jackson integral is defined here as a sum over any full-rank sublattice of the coweight lattice for the root system. In particular, a Weyl group symmetry classification of the Jackson integrals is done when they have an expression of a product of the Jacobi elliptic theta functions. Most of the product formulae investigated by Aomoto, Macdonald and Gustafson appear in the list of classifications. A new product formula for an F ₄ root system is included in it.     

Numerical approximation of Fourier-transforms

Conclusion A method has been presented for the numerical evaluation of the integrals occuring in Fourier transformation which is based upon the approximation of the transform as a function of its variable co. The numerical information necessary for the construction of the approximation is gathered by the formation of alternating trapezoidal and rectangular sums without the use of trigonometric functions The case of a polynomial approximation has been elaborated in detail and numerical results have been presented.It is clear that using the same principle other types of approximating functions may be employed. In cases where the Fourier transform decreases faster than any power an exponential approximation may be effective. Further analysis and experimentation will serve to improve this seemingly powerful method.     

Upper integral and its geometric meaning

The Hahn definition of the integral is recalled, the requirement of measurability of the integrand omitted. Both the upper and lower integrals comply with this definition and so does any measurable function between them. The outer product measure of the hypograph of a nonnegative bounded nonmeasurable function is equal to the upper integral which is equal to one of the Fan integrals. The outer measure of the graph of a bounded nonmeasurable function is equal to the difference between the upper and lower integrals. A norm for not necessarily measurable functions is defined with the upper integral. The linear space with this norm is complete. The convergence in this space implies the convergence in outer measure. The distance as an outer measure of the symmetric difference of two sets gives us a complete metric space of classes of subsets.      

Tractability of Tensor Product Linear Operators

This paper deals with the worst case setting for approximating multivariate tensor product linear operators defined over Hilbert spaces. Approximations are obtained by using a number of linear functionals from a given class of information. We consider the three classes of information: the class of all linear functionals, the Fourier class of inner products with respect to given orthonormal elements, and the standard class of function values. We wish to determine which problems are tractable and which are strongly tractable. The complete analysis is provided for approximating operators of rank two or more. The problem of approximating linear functionals is fully analyzed in the first two classes of information. For the third class of standard information we show that the possibilities are very rich. We prove that tractability of linear functionals depends on the given space of functions. For some spaces all nontrivial normed linear functionals are intractable, whereas for other spaces all linear functionals are tractable. In “typical” function spaces, some linear functionals are tractable and some others are not.     

Product measures and convergence theorems for product integrals in integration theory for semigroup valued functions

In [11] Sion has investigated measures and integrals having values in uniform semigroups. In this paper a result which gives sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique product of semigroup valued measures is established. Moreover a convergence theorem for product integrals of semigroup valued functions is proved.     

一类Hamilton系统的Abel积分比值单调性的判别条件

用直接计算的方法对一类Hamilton系统的两个Abel积分比值的单调性进行讨论,指出该单词性条件可由两个判定函数直接确定．     

Product measures and convergence theorems for product integrals in integration theory for semigroup valued functions

In [11] Sion has investigated measures and integrals having values in uniform semigroups. In this paper a result which gives sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique product of semigroup valued measures is established. Moreover a convergence theorem for product integrals of semigroup valued functions is proved.     

Approximation by planar elastic curves

We give an algorithm for approximating a given plane curve segment by a planar elastic curve. The method depends on an analytic representation of the space of elastic curve segments, together with a geometric method for obtaining a good initial guess for the approximating curve. A gradient-driven optimization is then used to find the approximating elastic curve.     

A New Integral Involving the Product of Bessel Functions and Associated Laguerre Polynomials

A new result for integrals involving the product of Bessel functions and Associated Laguerre polynomials is obtained in terms of the hypergeometric function. Some special cases of the general integral lead to interesting finite and infinite series representations of hypergeometric functions.