一种金属螯合连续棒色谱柱的制备及色谱性能

金属螯合色谱（IMAC）在生物大分子的分离和纯化中有广泛的应用,通过改变IMAC的洗脱条件和被螯合的金属离子种类,生物大分子可获得选择性分离。目前,IMAC通常以有机和无机微球作固定相,由于柱死体积的存在,使色谱柱空间利用率低,且降低了蛋白质分离的柱效。近年报道的连续棒色谱柱是由直径1μm左右的微粒堆积而成的整体,消除了色谱柱的死体积,该类色谱柱用于蛋白的反相、疏水、离子交换和亲和色谱分离均可获得高的分离效率。然而,至今尚未见到对金属螯合连续棒色谱柱制备及应用的研究报道。对蛋白的IMAC分离机理研究中,研究流动相pH对分离的影响是主要手段之一,但通常研究的pH值的5.0-9.0的窄范围内。本文提出和制备了以交联聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯连续棒为基质的金属螯合色谱柱,并研究了pH在2.0-11.0的较宽范围内对蛋白保留的影响。     

连续棒状弱阳离子交换柱的合成及其对蛋白质保留行为

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯为单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂在空管柱内就地聚合制备了一种聚合物连续棒状色谱基质,并通过“在线”化学改性将其修饰为弱阳离子交换柱。考察了该色谱柱的孔结构特征、表面亲水性能、对标准蛋白的分离效果和ｐＨ值对保留行为的影响以及色谱柱的重现性。结果表明,该色谱柱对蛋白的分离性能及重现性良好,柱寿命不短于半年。对溶菌酶的活性回收率达９６．２％。流动相流速为８．０ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ条件下     

台锥形柱尾的填充毛细管液相色谱柱

首次将台锥形柱尾用于填充毛细管液相色谱柱,并与环氧胶粘的柱尾连接方式进行比较,发现在柱内径≥０．３２ｍｍ时,前者的柱效比后者高出３０％～５０％,且明显改善柱效－流速特性。对比研究了不同内径柱（０．５３ｍｍ,０．３２ｍｍ,０．２５ｍｍ）采用两种尾接方式的塔板高度与流速的关系,对产生差异的原因进行了探讨。     

不锈钢宽口径填充毛细管液相色谱柱

 设计了一种零死体积的二通式柱尾结构和一种使匀浆填料均匀进入色谱柱管内的储料池 ,研究了制备内径在 0 5mm～ 1 0mm的不锈钢宽口径填充毛细管液相色谱柱的方法。详述了以不同牌号、规格的反相ODS类固定相制备的不同柱长的色谱柱的性能。通过折合板高 /折合流速关系和不对称因子对柱性能进行了评价 ,结果表明 ,该方法制备的色谱柱柱效达到理论值的 75 %以上、RSD为 6% ,稳定性也很好。将其应用于抗癫痫药物和氯苯类化合物的分析 ,结果令人满意。     

Chromatographic Properties of Monolithic Silica Capillary Columns for Polar and Nonpolar Compounds in Reversed-Phase HPLC

Retention properties of monolithic silica C₁₈ columns were examined for polar and nonpolar compounds. Monolithic silica columns were prepared from two kinds of starting materials, tetramethoxysilane (abbreviated as TMOS) or a mixture of TMOS and methyltrimethoxysilane (abbreviated as Hybrid), and modified with dimethyloctadecylchlorosilane (C₁₈). Retention factors of various compounds on Hybrid-C₁₈ are about twice as much as that on TMOS-C₁₈. The two types of columns showed very similar retention selectivity with few exceptions. TMOS-C₁₈ showed slight preference toward planar polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compared to bulky aromatic hydrocarbons, while Hybrid-C₁₈ showed opposite tendency. Some TMOS-C₁₈ columns showed peak tailing for PAHs, and also for basic compounds in an acidic mobile phase, while Hybrid-C₁₈ and majority of TMOS-C₁₈ columns resulted in good peak shape for these compounds.     

不锈钢宽口径填充毛细管液相色谱柱的制备及评价

设计了一种零死体积的柱尾连接方式和一种能使匀浆填料均匀进入色谱柱管内的锥形储料池。详述了以反相 ＯＤＳ为固定相,制备高效稳定的不锈钢宽口径（０．８ ｍｍＩ．Ｄ．）填充毛细管液相色谱柱的方法。系统地考察了填装方向、加压溶剂、匀浆溶剂、匀浆浓度和填装压力等不同因素对柱效的影响。在４０ＭＰａ压强和优化条件下,可重复制得柱效达理论塔板数为７．５×１０４／ｍ。对所测试的样品,色谱峰不对称因子为１．０３～１．１０。     

电填充毛细管色谱柱性能的评价

报道了一种毛细管色谱柱的电填充技术,并进行了柱性能的评价研究。实验表明新的填充方法确保了色谱柱的柱效和重现性。     

高效液相色谱柱清洗与再生方法

分别对反相、正相、离子交换、体积排阻及亲和等色谱柱的清洗与再生方法加以系统综述.使用适当的方法对受污染的色谱柱进行清洗与再生,可恢复其部分分离能力,延长使用寿命.对硅胶基质反相色谱柱,可选择一系列溶剂,按洗脱能力逐渐增强的顺序依次冲洗,或者使用二甲基甲酰胺、乙酰丙酮、SDS及盐酸胍等强洗脱试剂清洗;硅胶基质正相色谱柱用极性逐渐增强的溶剂系统冲洗;有机聚合物、石墨碳及氧化锆固定相色谱柱,用稀酸、稀碱和有机溶剂结合清洗,可将受污染的色谱柱柱效提高50%以上.     

生物碱在硅胶和键合高效液相色谱柱上的分离

在不同键合程度的ODS柱和硅胶柱上,以甲醇和磷酸盐缓冲液为移动相,研究了色谱分离吲哚生物碱的特性。具体考察了pH对容量因子,甲醇比例和离子强度对保留时间的影响。实验测得吲哚生物碱在三种选定的硅胶和ODS柱上有相似的保留行为,其容量因子都随pH的升高而增加,随甲醇比例和离子强度的增加而下降。在ODS柱上难以分离的一些生物碱在硅胶柱上用含磷酸缓冲液的甲醇为移动相时能得到满意的分离。     

脂肪醇在OV-1和Superox 0.6柱上的色谱行为

Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘ系列固定相是性能优良的氢键型固定相，适用地脂肪醇分析，非级性固定相ＯＶ－１柱，经减活处理后亦适宜醇类异构体分离，考察了Ｃ１－Ｃ２异构醇的３６个组分在分离效能。ＯＶ－１柱和Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘ０．６柱上的保留行为，柱效和极限温度，结果表明，两种柱对醇都有很好的分离效能。ＯＶ－１柱柱效及柱温极限高，除了戊醇－３和戊醇－２是重叠峰外，其余组分间有一定分离度，其分离顺序基本上是根据组分的沸点，包括     

Miniaturized Molecularly Imprinted Continuous Polymer Rods

Molecularly imprinted continuous polymer rods are prepared inside PEEK tubes of 1 mm i. d. by an in situ preparation technique; and chiral separations on such media have been demonstrated. The miniaturized column filled with (–)‐cinchonidine‐imprinted or (+)‐cinchonine‐imprinted polymer rods based on a copolymer of 2‐(trifluoromethyl)acrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate permitted diastereoseparation of (–)‐cinchonidine and (+)‐cinchonine; the template molecule is retained to a greater extent than the corresponding antipode. Increasing the amount of cyclohexanol in the polymerization mixture decreased the backpressure of the resultant rod and the addition of latex beads suspended in water to the prepolymerization mixture affected the selectivity and affinity of the imprinted polymer rods. The column length is adjusted easily by cutting, thus allowing easy control of retention behavior and analysis time.     

毛细管硅胶基质整体柱的制备及其电色谱性能研究

采用热引发一步法制备了毛细管电色谱硅胶基质整体柱。通过使用表面活性剂(十二烷基磺酸钠)增加了反应液中两相之间的相互溶解,使得反应液最终成为均相溶液,实现了硅胶整体柱的均相聚合制备。所制备的均相硅胶整体柱内部结构更加均匀,大大提高了分离度。评价了该整体柱的电色谱性能,深入探讨了有机溶剂比例、pH值、电压以及温度等电色谱操作条件对电渗流、保留机理和柱效的影响。在该均相硅胶基质整体柱上成功地分离了9种中性物质(硫脲、苯、甲苯、乙基苯、正丙苯、萘、正丁基苯、芴和蒽)以及7种中性、酸性和碱性物质(硫脲、邻氨基酚、苯酚、苯、邻甲苯胺、α-萘胺和2,4-二氯苯胺)。该柱对硫脲的柱效超过110000塔板/m。     

Preparation of On-Column Frits in Packed Fused Silica Capillaries by Sol-Gel Technology

Existing methods for preparing frits in packed fused silica capillaries as used for electrochromatography and micro HPLC are not applicable to all silica based packing materials and involve a high thermal stress for both the stationary phase and the fused silica tubing including the polyimide coating. A new procedure for the production of such on-column frits under mild conditions by a sol-gel type reaction of polydimethoxysiloxane (PDMOS) is described in this paper. Reaction conditions were established for optimum mechanical stability and high permeability of the frits. Frits produced in this manner showed no noticeable effect on the overall efficiency.     

Spectrometry: Speciation of Parts PER Billion of Metal Ions Using Silica and C18-Bonded Silica Columns and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract

It is demonstrated that silica gel columns will quantitatively adsorb free Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions at pH > 8. These are eluted with 0.1 M HNO₃ but not with methanol. Negatively charged EDTA chelates are not adsorbed. Neutral APDC chelates are partially adsorbed on silica columns, but are quantitatively adsorbed on C18-bonded columns, and are eluted with methanol. The metal ions are partially adsorbed on C18-bonded columns, due to residual silanol groups. A microcolumn (1 mm i.d., 5 cm length) manifold system is described for automatic delivery of eluant (0.12 ml) to a heated atomic absorption graphite atomizer, using either methanol or 0.1 M HNO₃ in methanol eluant, allowing speciation and measurement of parts per billion of metals. These studies demonstrate that by using a mixed column or sequential columns of silica gel and C18-bonded silica, cationic and neutral metal species could be adsorbed, followed by sequential elution and measurement using methanol and then 0.1 M HNO. Negatively charged species could be measured directly in the sample eluant or obtained by difference from a total metal measurement.     

气相色谱保留指数通用数据库的研究（一）PEG20M石英毛细管柱保留指数可比性的考察

测定了６１个不同类型化合物在６根ＰＥＧ２０Ｍ石英毛细管柱上的保留指数（ＲＩ），结果表明各柱间ＲＩ存在相当大的差异，给ＲＩ数据库的应用带来了困难，结合文献数据，从固定液本身、相界面吸附、热力学函数及柱极性的表征等方面探讨其原因，认为以烷烃为主的相界面吸附是影响ＲＩ可比性的重要因素，同时柱制备过程带来的影响也不容忽视。     

Tailoring Mesopores in Monolithic Macroporous Silica for HPLC

Mesopore formation in silica gels having continuous macropores has been investigated. The macroporous wet silica gel prepared by the sol‐gel process including phase separation was aged in a basic solvent making use of hydrolysis of urea in a closed condition. The mesopore structure was finally obtained by subsequent evaporation drying of solvent and heat‐treatment at 600°C for 2 h. The dissolution‐reprecipitation kinetics at the interfaces between wet gel skeletons and an external solvent affected the size and volume of pores formed within the skeletons. Below 120°C, mesopores suitable for various chromatographic applications have been formed typically within 24 h. On the other hand, at 200°C, the pore size attained the macropore dimensions (>50 nm), and the whole macroporous morphology was significantly modified.     

Preparation and Properties of Imidazole-containing Polyimide/Silica Hybrid Films

Imidazole-containing polyimide/silica（PI/SiO2） hybrid films were prepared from 3,3＇,4,4＇-biphenyltetra- carboxylic dianhydride（BPDA） and 2,2＇-di（p-aminophenyl）-5,5＇-bibenzimidazole in N,N-dimethylacetamide（DMAc） by sol-gel method and thermal imidization. The hybrid film with high silica mass fraction up to 40% was transparent. Scanning electron microscope（SEM） and transmission electron microscope（TEM） results of the film indicate a ho- mogeneous dispersion of silica nanoparticles in the polyimide matrix. One hybrid film PI/SiO2 with 15% SiO2 exhi- bits better mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 222 MPa, an elongation at break of 12%, and a tensile modulus of 5.66 GPa. The reinforced mechanism on mechanical Drooerties was also studied.     

丁基胺丙基硅胶毛细管整体柱的制备及其电色谱性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了丁基胺丙基硅胶毛细管整体柱,此整体固定相表面同时含有能产生阳极的电渗流的仲胺官能团和产生疏水作用的正丁基和丙基官能团。对所制备的整体柱电色谱性能进行了详细的表征和分析。考察了流动相pH值对电渗流的影响;对烷基苯同系物、有机酸酸性化合物和苯胺类碱性化合物保留行为进行了研究,并对其可能的保留机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明,对于中性化合物的保留机理主要基于反相作用;而对于酸性化合物的保留行为则是基于混合模式作用机理,即除了电泳作用外,还包括阴离子交换和疏水作用。碱性化合物在丁基胺丙基硅胶毛细管整体柱上的峰形较好,没有明显的峰拖尾现象。     

连续棒状疏水色谱柱的合成及表征

以单体,致孔剂在不锈钢柱管中直接聚合的方法,合成了一种丙烯酰胺－甲基丙烯酸丁酯－Ｎ,Ｎ‘－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺聚合物连续棒状疏水色谱柱。考察了聚合物单体中甲基丙酸丁酯的含量对于标准蛋白质的分离效果和介质疏水性的影响。     

碳化钼改性二氧化硅的制备及其电化学性能

采用硅酸四乙酯、钼酸铵和蔗糖分别作为硅源、钼源和碳源,通过溶胶?凝胶法制备了碳包覆二氧化硅（SiO₂）和碳化钼（Mo₂C）颗粒的SiO₂/Mo₂C/C复合物,并借助X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜等仪器对复合物的物相组成、形貌结构等进行了表征测试,同时研究了复合物作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,当硅酸四乙酯、钼酸铵和蔗糖的质量比为3∶1∶2（记为SiO₂/Mo₂C/C 2）用作锂离子电池的负极材料时具有较好的电化学性能。在电流密度为100 mA/g,首次充电和放电比容量分别为662和896 mA·h/g,经过200次循环后,可逆容量仍可达625 mA·h/g。即使在2 A/g的大电流密度下,可逆容量仍可达272 mA·h/g。该复合材料表现出良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性,这主要归因于Mo₂C具有良好的稳定性和较高的导电性,提高了SiO₂的导电性,同时碳包覆层可以保护核心材料直接与电解液反应生成副产物,还可以作为缓冲层减缓SiO₂的体积膨胀,因此在进行充放电的过程中,材料的电化学性能得到显著的提升。在此提出利用过渡金属碳化物改善SiO₂导电性和循环性能的新思想,可以为其它负极材料的改性提供新的研究思路并扩宽研究方向。