化学类专业一流课程建设的思路与重点——以山东大学物理化学一流课程建设为例

一流课程建设是一流本科建设的基础。本文首先基于对一流课程"两性一度"标准的认识,指出定位准确、目标清晰、基础良好、理念先进、建设一流、效果显著、示范引领是一流课程建设的关键特征,而后以山东大学物理化学一流课程建设为例,介绍了课程定位和教学目标的确定和设计落实,介绍了课程在一流基础、一流师资、一流资源、一流理念、一流成效等5个方面开展建设的做法和经验。对未来各高校开展一流课程建设具有一定的借鉴意义。     

有机化学课程虚拟教研室的建设与实践

提出有机化学课程虚拟教研室的建设目标和建设内容，通过36校联动，分组分层次推进有机化学课程虚拟教研室建设，并开展相关教研活动。系统阐明有机化学课程虚拟教研室的组织形式和机制建设。总结有机化学课程虚拟教研室建设以来的一系列跨校教研活动。重点论述有机化学课程虚拟教研室在教学资源建设方面的进展。通过发挥各成员学校教师在教学、科研上的特色和优势，推动互联互通、共建共享型有机化学课程虚拟教研室建设，实现协同教研新形态。     

面向卓越教师培养的“本硕一体化”化学教育课程群构建

课程建设是人才培养的基础和抓手,本课程建设以培养卓越中学化学教师为目标,整体构建了"本硕一体化"化学教育类课程群,以期为国内高师化学教育课程改革提供借鉴。课程建设思路为:明晰卓越化学教师教学能力构成,科学确定课程群建设目标;合理组织课程群结构,构建"一体化、两层次、三维度"课程体系;采取多样化的措施与策略,有效促进课程群的建设。     

仪器分析线上线下混合式课程改革探讨*

探讨仪器分析线上线下混合式课程建设,通过师资队伍建设、专业课程内容的重构、线上课程建设、线上线下有机融合、教学方法和评价方式改革与创新等手段实现混合式课程资源建设,从而提高学生学习兴趣,增强吸引力。通过混合式课程建设,使学生达到主动式学习状态,同时引导学生充分利用碎片化时间去学习,进而全面提升学习效果。     

化学综合设计实验精品课程建设的研究与实践

从教学内容、教材建设、师资队伍建设、教学方法与课程网站建设、实验室建设与开放等方面总结了化学综合设计实验课程建设取得的经验,提出了今后课程建设与改革的设想。     

分析化学重点课程建设的探索实践与体会

从师资队伍建设,课程目标制定,教学方法、课程内容和体系改革,网络课程平台建设,实验教学改革等方面人手对分析化学重点课程建设进行了探索和实践。     

对化学精品课程研究和建设的统计分析

以爱课程(中国大学精品开放课程)网、全民终身学习课程平台(原国家精品课程网)、中国知网上的信息为依据,对我国大学本科和高职高专院校的化学和基础类化学精品课程的研究状况和建设情况进行了比较分析。结果表明,精品课程建设受政策推动影响较大,课程建设水平与精品课程级别有一定的对应关系,精品课程的创建受课程属性的影响。     

课程思政背景下大学基础有机化学实验教学探索与实践*

从大学基础有机化学实验“课程思政”建设背景出发,讨论了课程思政的育人目标、实验教学中如何融入课程思政、课程思政的建设策略以及课程思政实施与考核评价方式等方面。结合实验教学过程探讨了基础有机化学实验教学中融入课程思政的教学探索和实践。     

化学类在线开放课程的认识与思考

继精品课程、精品开放课程之后,在线开放课程将成为下阶段高校课程建设的主要形式。化学类在线开放课程为进一步提高化学类专业课程的教学水平和学习质量提供了一条可行的途径。然而,要建设好一门在线开放课程,不但需要对其有正确的认识,还要在课程设计和机制建设方面多做工作,如此才能保证其健康、持续发展。     

吉林大学物理化学一流课程的建设历程*

依托吉林大学化学学科发展,建设吉林大学物理化学一流课程,培养一流化学学科创新人才。主要简介吉林大学物理化学一流课程的建设,包括课程的发展经历;教学团队建设;课程特色和创新性;物理化学课程的教学改革;教材的建设;教学研究项目及发表教学文章;教学与科研相结合等。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。