Convergence Structures for Categories

We introduce and study the concept of a convergence structure for a category. Such a structure is obtained by endowing each object of the category with a convergence class subjected to some basic convergence axioms. As a tool for expressing the convergence we use categorically viewed nets which generalize the usual ones. After describing relations between convergence structures and closure operators for categories, we investigate separatedness and compactness of objects of a category with respect to a convergence structure.     

Neighborhoods and convergence with respect to a closure operator

We study neighborhoods with respect to a categorical closure operator. In particular, we discuss separation and compactness obtained from neighborhoods in a natural way and compare them with the usual closure separation and closure compactness. We also introduce a concept of convergence based on using centered systems of subobjects, which naturally generalizes the classical filter convergence in topological spaces. We investigate behavior of the convergence introduced and show, among others, that it relates to the separation and compactness in natural ways.     

Compactification with Respect to a Generalized-net Convergence on Constructs

We introduce and deal with a convergence on (objects of) constructs which is expressed in terms of generalized nets. The generalized nets used are obtained from the usual nets by replacing the construct of directed sets and cofinal maps by an arbitrary construct. Convergence separation and convergence compactness are then introduced in a natural way. We study the convergence compactness and compactification and show that they behave in much the same way as the compactness and compactification of topological spaces.     

Convergence on Categories

We introduce and study a concept of a convergence structure on a concrete category. The concept is based on using certain generalized filters for expressing the convergence. Some basic properties of the convergence structures are discussed. In particular, we study convergence separation and convergence compactness and investigate relationships between the convergence structures and the usual closure operators on categories. Dedicated to Professor E. Giuli and Professor G. Preuss on the occasion of their 65th birthdays.     

Categorical neighborhood operators

We introduce and study a concept of neighborhood operator on a category. Such an operator is obtained by assigning a suitably axiomatized stack of subobjects - the neighborhoods - to every subobject of each object in the category. We discuss closure and interior operators, convergence, separation and compactness with respect to a neighborhood operator, defined in a natural way.     

Compactness in Categories of S-Net Spaces

The $S$ -net spaces studied are convergence structures whose convergences are expressed by using generalized nets, the so called $S$ -nets, which are obtained from the usual nets by replacing the category of directed sets and cofinal maps with an arbitrary construct $S$ . We investigate compactness in categories of $S$ -net spaces defined by introducing continuous maps in a natural way and imposing some usual convergence axioms.     

On categorical notions of compact objects

Due to the nature of compactness, there are several interesting ways of defining compact objects in a category. In this paper we introduce and study an internal notion of compact objects relative to a closure operator (following the Borel-Lebesgue definition of compact spaces) and a notion of compact objects with respect to a class of morphisms (following Áhn and Wiegandt [2]). Although these concepts seem very different in essence, we show that, in convenient settings, compactness with respect to a class of morphisms can be viewed as Borel-Lebesgue compactness for a suitable closure operator. Finally, we use the results obtained to study compact objects relative to a class of morphisms in some special settings.Partial financial assistance by Centro de Matemática da Universidade de Coimbra and by a NATO Collaborative Grant (CRG 940847) is gratefully acknowledged.     

An order-theoretic perspective on categorial closure operators

This paper deals with an order-theoretic analysis of certain structures studied in category theory. A categorical closure operator (cco in short) is a structure on a category, which mimics the structure on the category of topological spaces formed by closing subspaces of topological spaces. Such structures play a significant role not only in categorical topology, but also in topos theory and categorical algebra. In the case when the category is a poset, as a particular instance of the notion of a cco, one obtains what we call in this paper a binary closure operator (bco in short). We show in this paper that bco’s allow one to see more easily the connections between standard conditions on general cco’s, and furthermore, we show that these connections for cco’s can be even deduced from the corresponding ones for bco’s, when considering cco’s relative to a well-behaved class of monorphisms as in the literature. The main advantage of the approach to such cco’s via bco’s is that the notion of a bco is self-dual (relative to the usual posetal duality), and by applying this duality to cco’s, independent results on cco’s are brought together. In particular, we can unify basic facts about hereditary closure operators with similar facts about minimal closure operators. Bco’s also reveal some new links between categorical closure operators, the usual unary closure and interior operators, modularity law in order and lattice theory, the theory of factorization systems and torsion theory.     

A categorical approach to absolute closure

Notions of strongly and absolutely closed objects with respect to a closure operator X on an arbitrary category X and with respect to a subcategory Y are introduced. This yields two Galois connections between closure operators on a given category X and subclasses of X, whose fixed points are studied. A relationship with some compactness notions is shown and examples are provided.     

Compactness in fuzzy convergence spaces

Lowen and Lowen [Applications of category theory to fuzzy subsets (Kluwer, 1992) p. 153] and Lowen et al. [Fuzzy Sets and Systems 40 (1991) 347] recently introduced the category FCS of fuzzy convergence spaces, a topological quasitopos which is a supercategory of FTS, the category of fuzzy topological spaces. In this paper, compactness in FCS is examined. Doing so we found that to define compactness as an absolute property we had to generalize the definition of fuzzy convergence space to fuzzy subsets. All basic theorems are proved including the Tychonoff product theorem. Based on the theory developed here, in a following publication, a Richardson compactification for fuzzy convergence spaces will be given.     

U-Closure Operators and Compactness

A notion of compactness with respect to a previously introduced notion of functor induced closure operator is presented and analyzed. Even though this new notion shows very similar properties to compactness with respect to the classical notion of categorical closure operator, in general the two concepts are different. Examples are provided.     

Fuzzifying闭包系统的研究

在Fuzzifying(模糊化)数学的框架下,建立了Fuzzifying闭包系统和Birkhoff型Fuzzifying闭包算子的概念; 引入了Fuzzifying闭包空间范畴和Fuzzifying闭包系统空间范畴,并从范畴论的角度证明Birkhoff型Fuzzifying闭包算子与Fuzzifying闭包系统是协调的.最后文中还得到Fuzzifying闭包空间范畴和Fuzzifying闭包系统空间范畴可以嵌入到Birkhoff型L-闭包空间范畴这一重要结果.     

Generalized Dini theorems for nets of functions on arbitrary sets

We characterize the uniform convergence of pointwise monotonic nets of bounded real functions defined on arbitrary sets, without any particular structure. The resulting condition trivially holds for the classical Dini theorem. Our vector-valued Dini-type theorem characterizes the uniform convergence of pointwise monotonic nets of functions with relatively compact range in Hausdorff topological ordered vector spaces. As a consequence, for such nets of continuous functions on a compact space, we get the equivalence between the pointwise and the uniform convergence. When the codomain is locally convex, we also get the equivalence between the uniform convergence and the weak-pointwise convergence; this also merges the Dini-Weston theorem on the convergence of monotonic nets from Hausdorff locally convex ordered spaces. Most of our results are free of any structural requirements on the common domain and put compactness in the right place: the range of the functions.     

Factorizations,injectivity and compactness in categories of modules

A notion of closure operator for modules is used to characterize factorization structures in categories of modules. Moreover compactness, injectivity and absolute closedness are studied with respect to such closure operators. A criterion for compactness of modules is obtained in terms of injectivity or absolute closedness of the quotients extending recent results of Temple Fay.     

序同态的NC－连续性

本文在ＬＦ拓扑空间上利用良紧性作为背景引进了序同态的ＮＣ－连续性、分子网和理想的ＮＣ－收敛性及ＮＣ－闭包算子等概念，系统地讨论了这些概念之间的关系以及ＮＣ－连续序同态的特性，得到了若干重要的结果。     

On convergence theory in fuzzy topological spaces and its applications

In this paper we introduce and study new concepts of convergence and adherent points for fuzzy filters and fuzzy nets in the light of the Q-relation and the Q-neighborhood of fuzzy points due to Pu and Liu [28]. As applications of these concepts we give several new characterizations of the closure of fuzzy sets, fuzzy Hausdorff spaces, fuzzy continuous mappings and strong Q-compactness. We show that there is a relation between the convergence of fuzzy filters and the convergence of fuzzy nets similar to the one which exists between the convergence of filters and the convergence of nets in topological spaces.     

UPPER SEMI-CONTINUITY OF RANDOM ATTRACTORS FOR A NON-AUTONOMOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEM WITH A WEAK CONVERGENCE CONDITION

In this paper, we develop the criterion on the upper semi-continuity of random attractors by a weak-to-weak limit replacing the usual norm-to-norm limit. As an application,we obtain the convergence of random attractors for non-autonomous stochastic reactiondiffusion equations on unbounded domains, when the density of stochastic noises approaches zero. The weak convergence of solutions is proved by means of Alaoglu weak compactness theorem. A differentiability condition on nonlinearity is omitted, which implies that the existence conditions for random attractors are sufficient to ensure their upper semi-continuity.These results greatly strengthen the upper semi-continuity notion that has been developed in the literature.     

Weak convergence results for inhomogeneous rotating fluid equations

We consider the equations governing incompressible, viscous fluids in three space dimensions, rotating around an inhomogeneous vectorB(x); this is a generalization of the usual rotating fluid model (whereB is constant). In the case n whichB has non-degenerate critical points, we prove the weak convergence of Leray-type solutions towards a vector field which satisfies a heat equation as the rotation rate tends to infinity. The method of proof uses weak compactness arguments, which also enable us to recover the usual 2D Navier-Stokes limit in the case whenB is constant.     

Verallgemeinerte topogene Ordnungen

Topogenous orders in the sense of Császár are a common generalization of proximity and topology. ech closures are a generalization of the topological closure operators in the sense of Kuratowski. We show that the topogenous orders as well as the ech closures are special cases of the so called compressed operators. Moreover, the now defined categoryCOM (in germanBAL) of compress spaces and compress faithful maps is a properly fibred topological category in the sense of Herrlich which is weakly cartesian closed, that means the product map of two quotient maps inCOM is a quotient map inCOM. Therefore by results of L. D. Nel it is possible to construct a cartesian closed properly fibred topological category in whichCOM can be nicely embedded. Further it turns out that the compressed operators be in a natural connexion with the uniform convergence structures in the sense of Cook and Fischer and in addition with the limit structures in the sense of Fischer. For principal ideal uniform convergence structures we prove that they are precompact and complete iff the properly constructed compressed operator is compact.     

Convergence of the truncation error in calculating singular convolutions

We study the truncation error in the problem of calculating singular convolutions, that is, in the problem of approximating an unbounded linear operator of a certain specific form (of a singular convolution) by using discrete information about the operator. We consider the convergence of the truncation error and obtain necessary and sufficient convergence conditions as well as some effective estimates for the error. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 59, No. 6, pp. 893–908, June, 1996. In conclusion, the author wishes to express gratitude to D. A. Popov for his constant attention to the present work.