An isomorphism theorem for Teichmüller curves

It is proved that for any Fuchsian group Г such that H/Г is a hyperbolic Riemann surface, the Teichmuller curve V(Г) has a unique complex manifold structure so that the natural projection of the Bers fiber space F(Г) onto V(Г) is holomorphic with local holomorphic sections. An isomorphism theorem for Teichmuller curves is deduced, which generalizes a classical result that the Teichmuller curve V(Г) depends only on the type of Г and not on the orders of the elliptic elements of Г when H/Г is a compact hyperbolic Riemann surface.     

The Deligne–Mumford compactification of the real multiplication locus and Teichmüller curves in genus 3

In the moduli space M \mathcal{M} _g of genus-g Riemann surfaces, consider the locus RM_O \mathcal{R}{\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{O}}} of Riemann surfaces whose Jacobians have real multiplication by the order O \mathcal{O} in a totally real number field F of degree g. If g = 3, we compute the closure of RM_O \mathcal{R}{\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{O}}} in the Deligne–Mumford compactification of M \mathcal{M} _g and the closure of the locus of eigenforms over RM_O \mathcal{R}{\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{O}}} in the Deligne–Mumford compactification of the moduli space of holomorphic 1-forms. For higher genera, we give strong necessary conditions for a stable curve to be in the boundary of RM_O \mathcal{R}{\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{O}}} . Boundary strata of RM_O \mathcal{R}{\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{O}}} are parameterized by configurations of elements of the field F satisfying a strong geometry of numbers type restriction.     

Teichmüller curves in the space of two-genus double covers of flat tori

This paper focuses on Teichmüller curves in the space of two-genus double covers of flat tori,identifying all of them, counting them with respect to their triangular areas, formulating the numbers of their cusps, and characterizing the ones without a simple cusp. Some applications are also discussed.     

On puncturing of codes from Norm–Trace curves

Constructing new codes from existing ones by puncturing is in this paper viewed in the context of order domains R where puncturing can be seen as redefinition of the evaluation map $\varphi :R\to {\mathbb{F}}_q^n$. The order domains considered here are of the form $R=\mathbb{F}[x_1,x_2,\dots ,x_m]/I$ where redefining $\varphi$ can be done by adding one or more polynomials to the basis of the defining ideal I to form a new ideal J in such a way that the number of points in the variety $\mathbb{V}(I)$ is reduced by t to form $\mathbb{V}(J)$ and puncturing in t coordinates is achieved. An explicit construction of such polynomials is given in the case of codes defined by Norm–Trace curves and examples are given of both evaluation codes and dual codes. Finally, it is demonstrated that the improvement in minimum distance can be significant when compared to the lower bound obtained by ordinary puncturing.     

The Arnoux–Yoccoz Teichmüller disc

We prove that the Teichmüller disc stabilized by the Arnoux-Yoccoz pseudo-Anosov diffeomorphism contains at least two closed Teichmüller geodesics. This proves that the corresponding flat surface does not have a cyclic Veech group. In addition, we prove that this Teichmüller disc is dense inside the hyperelliptic locus of the connected component (2,2) . The proof uses Ratner’s theorems. Rephrasing our results in terms of quadratic differentials, we show that there exists a holomorphic quadratic differential, on a genus 2 surface, with the two following properties:

Teichmüller curves in moduli space,Eisenstein series and an application to triangular billiards

Summary There exists a Teichmüller disc _n containing the Riemann surface ofy ²+x ⁿ =1, in the genus [n–1/2] Teichmüller space, such that the stabilizer of _n in the mapping class group has a fundamental domain of finite (Poincaré) volume in _n . Application is given to an asymptotic formula for the length spectrum of the billiard in isosceles triangles with angles (/n, /n,n–2/n) and to the uniform distribution of infinite billiard trajectories in the same triangles.

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Research supported by NSF-DMS-8521620     

Riemann–Roch theory for weighted graphs and tropical curves

We define a divisor theory for graphs and tropical curves endowed with a weight function on the vertices; we prove that the Riemann–Roch theorem holds in both cases. We extend Baker’s Specialization Lemma to weighted graphs.     

Improvements of the Weil bound for Artin–Schreier curves

For the Artin–Schreier curve y ^q ? y = f(x) defined over a finite field \({{\mathbb F}_q}\) of q elements, the celebrated Weil bound for the number of \({{\mathbb F}_{q^r}}\)-rational points can be sharp, especially in super-singular cases and when r is divisible. In this paper, we show how the Weil bound can be significantly improved, using ideas from moment L-functions and Katz’s work on ?-adic monodromy calculations. Roughly speaking, we show that in favorable cases (which happens quite often), one can remove an extra \({\sqrt{q}}\) factor in the error term.     

Hyperbolic embeddedness and extension–convergence theorems of J-holomorphic curves

First, we give some characterization of hyperbolic embeddedness in the almost complex case. Next, we study the stability of hyperbolically embedded manifolds under a small perturbation of almost complex structures. Finally, we obtain generalizations and extensions of theorems of Kobayashi, Kiernan, Kwack and Noguchi for almost complex manifolds.     

Equivariant Riemann–Roch theorems for curves over perfect fields

We prove an equivariant Riemann–Roch formula for divisors on algebraic curves over perfect fields. By reduction to the known case of curves over algebraically closed fields, we first show a preliminary formula with coefficients in . We then prove and shed some further light on a divisibility result that yields a formula with integral coefficients. Moreover, we give variants of the main theorem for equivariant locally free sheaves of higher rank.     

Isolated rational curves on K3-fibered Calabi–Yau threefolds

In this paper we study 16 complete intersection K3-fibered Calabi--Yau variety types in biprojective space ℙ ^{n 1}}×ℙ¹. These are all the CICY-types that are K3 fibered by the projection on the second factor. We prove existence of isolated rational curves of bidegree (d,0) for every positive integer d on a general Calabi–Yau variety of these types. The proof depends heavily on existence theorems for curves on K3-surfaces proved by S. Mori and K. Oguiso. Some of these varieties are related to Calabi–Yau varieties in projective space by a determinantal contraction, and we use this to prove existence of rational curves of every degree for a general Calabi–Yau variety in projective space. Received: 14 October 1997 / Revised version: 18 January 1998     

Teichmüller rays and the Gardiner–Masur boundary of Teichmüller space II

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of Teichmüller geodesic rays in the Gardiner–Masur compactification. We will observe that any Teichmüller geodesic ray converges in the Gardiner–Masur compactification. Therefore, we get a mapping from the space of projective measured foliations to the Gardiner–Masur boundary by assigning the limits of associated Teichmüller rays. We will show that this mapping is injective but is neither surjective nor continuous. We also discuss the set of points where this mapping is bicontinuous.     

Real structures of Teichmüller spaces, Dehn twists, and moduli spaces of real curves

An orientation reversing involution of a topological compact genus surface induces an antiholomorphic involution of the Teichmüller space of genus g Riemann surfaces. Two such involutions and are conjugate in the mapping class group if and only if the corresponding orientation reversing involutions and of are conjugate in the automorphism group of . This is equivalent to saying that the quotient surfaces and are homeomorphic. Hence the Teichmüller space has distinct antiholomorphic involutions, which are also called real structures of ([7]). This result is a simple fact that follows from Royden's theorem ([4]) stating that the the mapping class group is the full group of holomorphic automorphisms of the Teichmüller space (). Let and be two real structures that are not conjugate in the mapping class group. In this paper we construct a real analytic diffeomorphism such that This mapping d is a product of full and half Dehn–twists around certain simple closed curves on the surface . This has applications to the moduli spaces of real algebraic curves. A compact Riemann surface admitting an antiholomorphic involution is a real algebraic curve of the topological type . All fixed–points of the real structure of the Teichmüller space , are real curves of the above topological type and every real curve of that topological type is represented by an element of the fixed–point set of . The fixed–point set is the Teichmüller space of real algebraic curves of the corresponding topological type. Given two different real structures and , let d the the real analytic mapping satisfying (1). It follows that d maps onto and is an explicit real analytic diffeomorphism between these Teichmüller spaces. Received 8 December 1997; accepted 12 August 1998     

Curve shortening–straightening flow for non-closed planar curves with infinite length

We consider a motion of non-closed planar curves with infinite length. The motion is governed by a steepest descent flow for the geometric functional which consists of the sum of the length functional and the total squared curvature. We call the flow shortening–straightening flow. In this paper, first we prove a long time existence result for the shortening–straightening flow for non-closed planar curves with infinite length. Then we show that the solution converges to a stationary solution as time goes to infinity. Moreover we give a classification of the stationary solution.     

An improvement of the Hasse–Weil–Serre bound for curves over some finite fields

The Hasse–Weil–Serre bound is improved for low genus curves over finite fields with discriminant from $\{-3,-4,-7,-8\}$ by studying maximal and minimal curves.