共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
Jin-Nam Kim Jong-Sok Choo Young-Jung Wee Jong-Sun Yun Hwa-Won Ryu 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2005,123(1-3):861-869
A new acetic acid-producing microorganism, Acetobacter sp. RKY4, was isolated from Korean traditional persimmon vinegar, and we optimized the culture medium for acetic acid production
from ethanol using the newly isolated Acetobacter sp. RKY4. The optimized culture medium for acetic acid production using this microorganism was found to be 40 g/L ethanol,
10 g/L glycerol, 10 g/L corn steep liquor, 0.5 g/L MgSO4·7H2O, and 1.0 g/L (NH4H2PO4. Acetobacter sp. RKY4 produced 47.1 g/L of acetic acid after 48 h of fermentation in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 mL of the
optimized medium. 相似文献
2.
Soo-Yeon Kim Jin-Nam Kim Young-Jung Wee Don-Hee Park Hwa-Won Ryu 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1996,131(1-3):705-715
The optimum fermentation medium for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by a newly isolated Gluconacetobacter sp. RKY5 was investigated. The optimized medium composition for cellulose production was determined to be 15 g/L glycerol,
8 g/L yeast extract, 3 g/L K2HPO4, and 3 g/L acetic acid. Under these optimized culture medium, Gluconacetobacter sp. RKY5 produced 5.63 g/L of BC after 144 h of shaken culture, although 4.59 g/L of BC was produced after 144 h of static
culture. The amount of BC produced by Gluconacetobacter sp. RKY5 was more than 2 times in the optimized medium found in this study than in a standard Hestrin and Shramm medium,
which was generally used for the cultivation of BC-producing organisms. 相似文献
3.
Takahashi CM Takahashi DF Carvalhal ML Alterthum F 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1999,80(3):193-203
Escherichia coli KO11, in which the genes pdc (pyruvate decarboxylase) and adh (alcohol dehydrogenase) encoding the ethanolpathway from Zymomonas mobili were inserted into the chromosome, has been shown to metabolize all major sugars that are consituents of hemicellulosic hydrolysates
to ethanol, in anaerobic conditions. However, the growth and fermentation performance of this recombinant bacteria may be
affected by acetic acid a potential inhibitor present in hemicellulose hydrolysates in a range of 2.0–15.0 g/L. It was observed
that acetate affected the growth of E. coli KO11, prolonging the lag phase and inducing loss of biomass production and reduction of growth rate. At lower pH levels,
the sensitivity to acetic acid was enhanced owing to the increased concentration of the protonated species. On the other hand,
the recombinant bacteria showed a high tolerance to acetic acid regarding fermentative performance. In Luria broth medium
with glucose or xylose as a single sugar source, it was observed that neither yield nor productivity was affected by the addition
of acetate in a range of 2.0–12.0 g/L, suggesting some uncoupling of the growth vs ethanol production. 相似文献
4.
Comparison between Different Hydrolysis Processes of Vine-Trimming Waste to Obtain Hemicellulosic Sugars for Further Lactic Acid Conversion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Moldes AB Bustos G Torrado A Domínguez JM 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2007,143(3):244-256
Trimming vine shoot samples were treated with water under selected operational conditions (autohydrolysis reaction) to obtain
a liquid phase containing hemicellulose-decomposition products. In a further acid-catalyzed step (posthydrolysis reaction),
xylooligosaccharides were converted into single sugars for the biotechnological production of lactic acid using Lactobacillus
pentosus. A wide range of temperatures, reaction times, and acid concentrations were tested during the autohydrolysis–posthydrolysis
process to investigate their influence on hemicellulose solubilization and reaction products. The maximum concentration of
hemicellulosic sugars was achieved using autohydrolysis at 210 °C followed by posthydrolysis with 1% H2SO4 during 2 h. Data from autohydrolysis–posthydrolysis were compared with the results obtained at the optima conditions assayed
for prehydrolysis (3% H2SO4 at 130 °C during 15 min) based on previous works. Prehydrolysis extracted more hemicellulosic sugars from trimming vine shoots;
however, the protein content in the hydrolysates from autohydrolysis–posthydrolysis was higher. The harsher conditions assayed
during the autohydrolysis process and the higher content of protein after this treatment could induce Maillard reactions decreasing
consequently the concentration of hemicellulosic sugars in the hydrolysates. Therefore, despite the several advantages of
autohydrolysis (less equipment caused by the absence of mineral acid, less generation of neutralized sludges, and low cost
of reagents) the poor results obtained in this work with no detoxified hydrolysates (Q
P = 0.36 g/L h, Q
S = 0.79 g/L h, Y
P/S = 0.45 g/g, Y
P/Sth = 61.5 %) or charcoal-treated hydrolysates (Q
P = 0.76 g/L h, Q
S = 1.47 g/L h, Y
P/S = 0.52 g/g, Y
P/Sth = 71.5 %) suggest that prehydrolysis of trimming vine shoots with diluted H2SO4 is more attractive than autohydrolysis-posthydrolysis for obtaining lactic acid through fermentation of hemicellulosic sugars
with L. pentosus. Besides the higher hemicellulosic sugars concentration achieved when using the prehydrolysis technology, no detoxification
steps are required to produce efficiently lactic acid (Q
P = 1.14 g/L h; Q
S = 1.64 g/L h; Y
P/S = 0.70 g/g; Y
P/Sth = 92.6 %), even when vinification lees are used as nutrients (Q
P = 0.89 g/L h; Q
S = 1.54 g/L h; Y
P/S = 0.58 g/g; Y
P/Sth = 76.1 %). 相似文献
5.
Luís C. Duarte Florbela Carvalheiro Joana Tadeu Francisco M. Gírio 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2006,130(1-3):461-475
The combined effects of inhibitors present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates was studied using a multivariate statistical approach.
Acetic acid (0–6 g/L), formic acid (0–4.6 g/L) and hydroquinone (0–3 g/L) were tested as model inhibitors in synthetic media
containing a mixture of glucose, xylose, and arabinose simulating concentrated hemicellulosic hydrolysates. Inhibitors were
consumed sequentially (acetic acid, formic acid, and hydroquinone), alongside to the monosaccharides (glucose, xylose, and
arabinose). Xylitol was always the main metabolic product. Additionally, glycerol, ethanol, and arabitol were also obtained.
The inhibitory action of acetic acid on growth, on glucose consumption and on all product formation rates was found to be
significant (p≤0.05), as well as formic acid inhibition on xylose consumption and biomass production. Hydroquinone negatively affected biomass
productivity and yield, but it significantly increased xylose consumption and xylitol productivity. Hydroquinone interactions,
either with acetic or formic acid or with both, are also statistically signficant. Hydroquinone seems to partially lessen
the acetic acid and amplify formic acid effects. The results clearly indicate that the interaction effects play an important
role on the xylitol bioprocess. 相似文献
6.
Inhibition of microbial xylitol production by acetic acid and its relation with fermentative parameters 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Precipitated sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate containing acetic acid was fermented by Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 under different operational conditions (pH 4.0 and 7.0, three aeration rates). At pH 7.0 and k
L
a of 10 (0.75 vvm) and 22.5/h (3.0 vvm) the acetic acid had not been consumed until the end of the fermentations, whereas at
the same pH and k
L
a of 35/h (4.5 vvm) the acid was rapidly consumed and acetic acid inhibition was not important. On the other hand, fermentations
at an initial pH of 4.0 and k
L
a of 22.5 and 35/h required less time for the acid uptake than fermentations at k
L
a of 10/h. The acetic acid assimilation by the yeast indicates the ability of this strain to ferment in partially detoxified
medium, making possible the utilization of the sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate in this bioprocess. The effects on xylitol yield
and production are reported. 相似文献
7.
Fábio C. Sampaio Paolo Torre Flávia M. Lopes Passos Célia Alencar de Moraes Patrizia Perego Attilio Converti 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2007,136(2):165-181
To obtain in-depth information on the overall metabolic behavior of the new good xylitol producer Debaryomyces hansenii UFV-170, batch bioconversions were carried out using semisynthetic media with compositions simulating those of typical acidic
hemicellulose hydrolysates of sugarcane bagasse. For this purpose, we used media containing glucose (4.3–6.5 g/L), xylose
(60.1–92.1 g/L), or arabinose (5.9–9.2 g/L), or binary or ternary mixtures of them in either the presence or absence of typical
inhibitors of acidic hydrolysates, such as furfural (1.0–5.0 g/L), hydroxymethylfurfural (0.01–0.30 g/L), acetic acid (0.5–3.0
g/L), and vanillin (0.5–3.0 g/L). D. hansenii exhibited a good tolerance to high sugar concentrations as well as to the presence of inhibiting compounds in the fermentation
media. It was able to produce xylitol only from xylose, arabitol from arabinose, and no glucitol from glucose. Arabinose metabolization
was incomplete, while ethanol was mainly produced from glucose and, to a lesser less extent, from xylose and arabinose. The
results suggest potential application of this strain in xyloseto-xylitol bioconversion from complex xylose media from lignocellulosic
materials. 相似文献
8.
Efficient utilization of the pentosan fraction of hemicellulose from lignocellulosic feedstocks offers an opportunity to increase
the yield and to reduce the cost of producing fuel ethanol. During prehydrolysis (acid hydrolysis or autohydrolysis of hemicellulose),
acetic acid is formed as a consequence of the deacetylation of the acetylated moiety of hemicellulose. Recombinant Escherichia
coli B (ATCC 11303), carrying the plasmid pLO1297 with pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase II genes from Zymomonas
mobilis (CP4), converts xylose to ethanol with a product yield that approaches theoretical maximum. Although other pentose-utilizing
microorganisms are inhibited by acetic acid, the recombinant E. coli displays a high tolerance for acetic acid. In xylose
fermentations with a synthetic medium (Luria broth), where the pH was controlled at 7, neither yield nor productivity was
affected by the addition of 10.7 g/L acetic acid. Nutrient-supplemented, hardwood (aspen) hemicellulose hydrolysate (40.7
g/L xylose) was completely fermented to ethanol (16.3 g/L) in 98 h. When the acetic acid concentration was reduced from 5.6
to 0.8 g/L, the fermentation time decreased to 58 h. Overliming, with Ca(OH)2 to pH 10, followed by neutralization to pH 7 with sulfuric acid and removal of insolubles, resulted in a twofold increase
in volumetric productivity. The maximum productivity was 0.93 g/L/h. The xylose-to-ethanol conversion efficiency and productivity
in Ca(OH)2-treated hardwood prehydrolysate, fortified with only mineral salts, were 94% and 0.26 g/L/h, respectively. The recombinant
E. coli exhibits a xylose-to-ethanol conversion efficiency that is superior to that of other pentose-utilizing yeasts currently
being investigated for the production of fuel ethanol from lignocellulosic materials. 相似文献
9.
Ethanol production in immobilized-cell bioreactors from mixed sugar syrups and enzymatic hydrolysates of steam-exploded biomass 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Isabella De Bari Daniela Cuna Francesco Nanna Giacobbe Braccio 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2004,114(1-3):539-557
We investigated ethanol production from mixed sugar syrups. Hydrolysates were prepared from enzymatic saccharification of
steam-pretreated aspen chips. Syrups containing 45 g/L of glucose and 12 g/L of xylose were detoxified through two ion-exchange
resins and then fermented with Pichia stipitis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in Ca-alginate gel beads. Combinations of different gel fractions in the fermentation volume, amount of yeast
cells, and ratios of P. stipitis vs S. cerevisiae within each bead were compared. In the best conditions, by using a total beads volume corresponding to 25% of the working
volume, we obtained a yield of 0.39 gethanol/ginitial sugars. This amount of gel entrapped an initial cell concentration of 6×1012cells/L with ratio of S. cerevisiae/P. stipitis of 0.25 g/g. Modified stirredtank reactors were obtained either by adding marbles or by inserting a perforated metal cylinder,
which reduced considerably the rupture of beads while visibly improving oxygenation of the medium. 相似文献
10.
In pH-controlled batch fermentations with pure sugar synthetic hardwood hemicellulose (1% [w/v] glucose and 4% xylose) and
corn stover hydrolysate (8% glucose and 3.5% xylose) lacking acetic acid, the xyloseutilizing, tetracycline (Tc)-sensitive,
genomically integrated variant of Zymomonas mobilis ATCC 39676 (designated strain C25) exhibited growth and fermentation performance that was inferior to National Renewable
Energy Laboratory's first-generation, Tc-resistant, plasmid-bearing Zymomonas recombinants. With C25, xylose fermentation following glucose exhaustion wasmarkellyslower, and the ethanol yield (based
on sugars consumed) was lower, owing primarily to an increase in lactic acid formation. There was an apparent increased sensitivity
to acetic acid inhibition with C25 compared with recombinants 39676:pZB4L, CP4:pZB5, and ZM4:pZB5. However, strain C25 performed
well in continous ferm entation with nutrient-rich synthetic corn stover medium over the dilution range 0.03–0.06/h, with
a maximum provess ethanol yield at D=0.03/h of 0.46 g/g and a maximum ethanol productivity of 3 g/(L·h). With 0.35% (w/v) acetic acid in the medium, the process
yield at D=0.04/h dropped to 0.32 g/g, and the maximum productivity decreased by 50% to 1.5 g/(L·h). Under the same operating conditions,
rec Zm Zm 4:pZB5 performed better; however, the medium contained 20 mg/L of Tc to constantly maintain selective pressure.
The absence of any need for antibiotics and antiboitic resistance genes makes the chromosomal integrant C25 more com patible
with current regulatory specifications for biocatalysts in large-scale commercial operations. 相似文献
11.
Summary Acetylation of the indazolquinones1a (6-anilino-),b (6-p-toluidino-),c (6-N-methylanilino-),g (6- or 5-methylthio-), andk (benz[f]-) by heating with acetic anhydride yields the 2-acetylindazolquinones4a, b, c, g, andk. Reductive acetylation of the quinones1c, g, h/h
1(6/5-methyl),k and — for structure elucidation — their 1-N- (2c) and 2-N- (3c, 3e)-methyl derivatives with acetic anhydride, zink powder, and sodium acetate gives the 1-acetyl-(7c, g, h/h
1,k), resp. 1-methyl- (8c), and 2-methyl- (9c, e) diacetoxyindazoles. In case of1k, two diacetyl derivatives were isolated in addition to the already known triacetyl derivative7k, regardless of the conditions chosen. Acetylation of the intermediate product of the reaction from phenylthio-benzoquinone with diazomethane also yields a triacetyl-hydroquinone (7f). UV/Vis, IR, and1H NMR spectroscopy were used for structure determination. Comparison of the UV/Vis spectra of the acetyl derivatives4 with those of1, 2, 3, and of compounds7 with those of analog substituted indazols shows that the acetyl group is located in position 2 with compounds4 and in position 1 with compounds7. By means of1H NMR spectra the position of the acetyl group can be determined by the effect of the carbonyl group on the proton in position3. 相似文献
12.
Mohandas Devaki V. Whelan Douglas R. Panchal Chandra J. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1995,(1):307-318
Mutants resistant to comparatively high levels of acetic acid were isolated from the xylose-fermenting yeastsCandida shehatae andPichia stipitis by adapting these cultures to increasing concentrations of acetic acid grown in shake-flask cultures. These mutants were
tested for their ability to ferment xylose in presence of high acetic acid concentrations, in acid hydrolysates of wood, and
in hardwood spent sulfite liquor, and compared with their wild-type counterparts and between themselves. TheP. stipitis mutant exhibited faster fermentation times, better tolerance to acid hydrolysates, and tolerance to lower pH. 相似文献
13.
Balasubramanian Niru Seok Kim Jun Lee Y. Y. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2001,91(1-9):367-376
For optimum fermentation, fermenting xylose into acetic acid by Clostridium thermoaceticum (ATCC 49707) requires adaptation of the strain to xylose medium. Exposed to a mixture of glucose and xylose, it preferentially
consumesxylose over glucose. The initial concentration of xylose in the medium affects the final concentration and the yield
of acetic acid. Batch fermentation of 20 g/L of xylose with 5g/L of yeast extract as the nitrogen source results in a maximum
acetate concentration of 15.2 g/L and yield of 0.76 g of acid/g of xylose. Corn steep liquor (CLS) is a good substitute for
yeast extract and results in similar fermentation profiles. The organism consumes fructose, xylose, and glucose from a mixture
of sugars in batch fermentation. Arabinose, mannose, and galactose are consumed only slightly. This organism loses viability
on fed-batch operation, even with supplementation of all the required nutrients. In fed-batch fermentation with CSL supplementation,
d-xylulose (an intermediate in the xylose metabolic pathway) accumulates in large quantities. 相似文献
14.
Triphenylantimony and triphenylbismuth diacetates, Ph3M(OAc)2 (M = Sb, Bi), were obtained in 50–94 % yields by the reaction of triphenylantimony and triphenylbismuth withtert-butyl peracetate in the presence of acetic acid or acetic anhydride (molar ratio 1 1 1) in toluene.tert-Butyl peracetate oxidizes Ph3M into alkoxides, Ph3M(OAc)OBut, which at the instant of formation are acylated with acetic acid or acetic anhydride to give the corresponding derivatives, Ph3M(OAc)2.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 964–967, May, 1995.This study was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant 94-03-08846). 相似文献
15.
Production and characterization of pullulan from beet molasses using a nonpigmented strain of Aureobasidium pullulans in batch culture 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Lazaridou A Biliaderis CG Roukas T Izydorczyk M 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2002,97(1):1-22
The production of pullulan from beet molasses by a pigment-free strain of Aureobasidium pullulans on shake-flask culture was investigated. Combined pretreatment of molasses with sulfuric acid and activated carbon to remove
potential fermentation inhibitors present in molasses resulted in a maximum pullulan concentration of 24 g/L, a biomass dry
wt of 14 g/L, a pullulan yield of 52.5%, and a sugar utilization of 92% with optimum fermentation conditions (initial sugar
concentration of 50 g/L and initial pH of 7.0). The addition of other nutrients as carbon and nitrogen supplements (olive
oil, ammonium sulfate, yeast extract) did not further improve the production of the exopolysaccharides. Structural characterization
of the isolated polysaccharides from the fermentation broths by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and pullulanase digestion combined with size-exclusion chromatography confirmed
the identity of pullulan and the homogeneity (>93% dry basis) of the elaborated polysaccharides by the microorganism. Using
multiangle laser light scattering and refractive index detectors in conjunction with high-performance size-exclusion chromatography
molecular size distributions and estimates of the molecular weight (M
w
=2.1−4.1×105), root mean square of the radius of gyration (R
g
=30−38 nm), and polydispersity index (M
w
/M
n
=1.4−2.4) were obtained. The fermentation products of molasses pretreated with sulfuric acid and/or activated carbon were
more homogeneous and free of contaminating proteins. In the concentration range of 2.8−10.0 (w/v), the solution’s rheologic
behavior of the isolated pullulans was almost Newtonian (within 1 and 1200 s−1 at 20°C); a slight shear thinning was observed at 10.0 (w/v) for the high molecular weight samples. Overall, beet molasses
pretreated with sulfuric acid and activated carbon appears as an attractive fermentation medium for the production of pullulan
by A. pullulans. 相似文献
16.
Donnelly Mark I. Millard Cynthia Sanville Clark David P. Chen Michael J. Rathke Jerome W. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1998,(1):187-198
Escherichia coli strain NZN111, which is unable to grow fermentatively because of insertional inactivation of the genes encoding pyruvate:
formate lyase and the fermentative lactate dehydrogenase, gave rise spontaneously to a chromosomal mutation that restored
its ability to ferment glucose. The mutant strain, named AFP111, fermented glucose more slowly than did its wild-type ancestor,
strain W1485, and generated a very different spectrum of products. AFP111 produced succinic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol
in proportions of approx 2:1:1. Calculations of carbon and electron balances accounted fully for the observed products; 1
mol of glucose was converted to 1 mol of succinic acid and 0.5 mol each of acetic acid and ethanol. The data support the emergence
in E.coli of a novel succinic acid:acetic acid:ethanol fermentation pathway. 相似文献
17.
Lawford Hugh G. Rousseau Joyce D. Tolan Jeffrey S. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2001,91(1-9):133-146
Iogen Corporation of Ottawa, Canada, has recently built a 50 t/d biomass-to-ethanol demonstration plant adjacent to its enzyme
production facility. Iogen has partnered with the University of Toronto to test the C6/C5 cofermentation performance characteristics
of National Renewable Energy Laboratory's metabolically engineered Zymomonas mobilis using its biomass hydrolysates. In this study, the biomass feedstock was an agricultural waste, namely oat hulls, which was
hydrolyzed in a proprietary two-stage process involving pretreatment with dilute sulfuric acid at 200–250°C, followed by cellulase
hydrolysis. The oat hull hydrolysate (OHH) contained glucose, xylose, and arabinose in a mass ratio of about 8:3:0.5. Fermentation
media, prepared from diluted hydrolysate, were nutritionally amended with 2.5 mL/L of corn steep liquor (50% solids) and 1.2
g/L of diammonium phosphate. The estimated cost for large-scale ethanol production using this minimal level of nutrient supplementation
was 4.4c/gal of ethanol. This work examined the growth and fermentation performance of xyloseutilizing, tetracycline-resistant,
plasmid-bearing, patented, recombinant Z. mobilis cultures: CP4:pZB5, ZM4:pZB5, 39676:pZB4L, and a hardwood prehydrolysate-adapted variant of 39676:pZB4L (designated asthe
“adapted” strain). In pH-stat batch fermentations with unconditioned OHH containing 6% (w/v) glucose, 3% xylose, and 0.75%
acetic acid, rec Zm ZM4:pZB5 gave the best performance with a fermentation time of 30h, followed by CP4:pZB5 at 48h, with
corresponding volumetric productivities of 1.4 and 0.89 g/(L·h), respectively. Based on the available glucose and xylose,
the process ethanol yield for both strains was 0.47 g/g (92% conversion efficiency). At 48 h, the process yield for rec Zm
39676:pZB4L and the adapted strain was 0.32 and 0.34 g/g, respectively. None of the test strains was able to fermentarabinose.
Acetic acid tolerance appeared to be a major determining factor in cofermentation performance. 相似文献
18.
Native fungal biomass of fungiAbsidia orchidis, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizopus nigricans, and modified spruce sawdust (Picea engelmanii) sequestered metals in the following decreasing preference pb>Cd>Ni. The highest metal uptake was qmax = 351 mg Pb/gA. orchidis biomass. P.chrysogenum biomass could accumulate cadmium best at 56 mg Cd/g. The sorption of nickel was the weakest always at < 5 mg Ni/g. The spruce
sawdust was modified by crosslinking, oxidation to acidic oxoforms, and by substitution. The highest metal uptake was observed
in phosphorylated sawdust reaching qmax = 224 mg Pb/g, 56 mg Cd/g, and 26 mg Ni/g. The latter value is comparable to the value of nickel sorption by wet commercial
resin Duolite GT-73. Some improvement in metal uptake was also observed after reinforcement of fungal biomass. 相似文献
19.
Rudolf Sobczak 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1979,110(3):721-727
Magnetic measurements onHeusler alloys (Co,T)2
XY (field and temperature dependence) are performed around theCurie points (temperature range:T
C–50 toT
C+50). A method otherwise used to get rid of ferromagnetic impurities only (
g
versus 1/H plot) is applied to pure ferromagnets and yields completely new
g
(extrap.) versusT curves with a maximumT
max>
T
C. The method was applied to pure gadolinium first which has aCurie point within the accessible region of the susceptibility measuring device. 相似文献
20.
Enrique Durán-Páramo Héctor Molina-Jiménez Marco A. Brito-Arias Fabián Robles-Martínez 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2004,114(1-3):381-388
Gibberellic acid production was studied in different fermentation systems. Free and immobilized cells of Gibberella fujikuroi cultures in shakeflask, stirred and fixed-bed reactors were evaluated for the production of gibberellic acid (GA3). Gibberellic acid production with free cells cultured in a stirred reactor reached 0.206 g/L and a yield of 0.078 g of GA3/g biomass. 相似文献