Synthesis of Diethyl Oxalate by a Coupling-Regeneration Reaction of Carbon Monoxide

This article describes a process for the synthesis of diethyl oxalate by a coupling reaction of carbon monoxide, catalyzed by palladium in the presence of ethyl nitrite. The kinetics and mechanism of the coupling and regeneration reaction are also discussed. This paper presents the results of a scale-up test of the catalyst and the process based on an a priori computer simulation.     

Effect of Temperature on the Deactivation of a Pd-Fe／α-Al2O3 Catalyst for CO Coupling to Diethyl Oxalate

Destructive tests of the catalyst was carried out to study the effect of temperature on the catalytic activity of CO coupling to diethyl oxalate (DEO) over a Pd-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst. It was found that a temperature jump could cause the deactivation of the Pd-Fe/α-Al2O3 catalyst. The catalyst deactivated at different temperatures has different characteristics. After deactivation the crystal structure of α-Al2O3 did not change, but the Pd particle size was enlarged. Most of the Pd^0 were oxidized to Pd^2 . and Fe^2 was oxidized to Fe^3 on the surface of the deactivated catalyst. The catalyst could be regenerated, but its original activity could not be recovered completely.     

Synthesis of Chlorin—enediyne Dyads by Palladium—catalyzed Coupling Reaction

Methyl 9-ethylenedioxpyropheophorbide-d was prepared from methyl pyropheophorbide-a by protection of cyclic ketone with ethylene glycol,and oxidation with OsO4 in vinyl group at 2-position.The terminal alkyne was introduced into chlorin chromophore by Grignard reaction,and the enediyne moiety was constructed by a palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction with (Z)-chloroenynes.     

Synthesis of a New Chiral Ligand Containing 1,5—Diazacyclooctane and the Application in Diethyl Zinc Addition to Benzaldehyde

A new chiral tetradentate ligand (S,S)-1,5-bis (4-benzyloxazolin-2-yl-methyl)-1,5-diazacyclo-octane I has been synthesized and the application of 1 as catalyst in the enantioselective addition of diethyl zinc to benzaldehyde is also described.     

Synthesis of Benzoxazolinone by Selenium-Catalyzed Carbonylation with Carbon Monoxide

Ｂｅｎｚｏｘａｚｏｌｉｎｏｎｅｓａｒｅａｋｎｏｗｎｃｌａｓｓｏｆｃｏｍｍｅｒ ｃｉａｌｌｙａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓｔｈａｔａｒｅｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎａ ｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ .Ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ ,ｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｍ ｐｏｕｎｄｓａｒｅｍａｄｅｂｙｔｈｅｉｎｔｒａｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｃｙｃｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｈｅｎｙｌＮ (2 ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｐｈｅｎｙｌ)ｃａｒｂａｍａｔｅｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｏ ａｍｉｎｏｐｈｅｎｏｌｗｉｔ…     

A Kinetic Study of Selective Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide to C2 Oxygenates on Rh-Mn-Li-Fe／SiO2 Catalyst

The kinetics of CO hydrogenation for the synthesis of C2 oxygenates over Rh-Mn-Li-Fe/SiO2 was investigated. Kinetic parameters for the formation of ethanol, acetaldehyde. C2 oxygenates, methanol and methane were obtained. The activation energy, H2 and CO dependence orders for ethanol and acetaldehyde formation differed greatly, the large difference seemed to imply that they were formed through different intermediates.     

Palladium-Catalyzed Addition of Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Tetrachloride to 1-Octene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

The Pd-catalyzed addition of carbon monoxide and carbon tetrachloride to 1-octene gave coadduct [alkyl 2-( 2, 2, 2-trichloroethyl)octanoate] as the major product in supercritical carbon dioxide by using pyridine as the base. It was found that the selectivity and the yield of coadduct were greatly affected by the pressure of carbon dioxide, the reaction temperature and the amounts of alcohol and base used.     

Non-isothermal Kinetics of the First-stage Decomposition Reaction of Cobalt Oxalate Dihydrate

Solid state kinetics has been extensively studied by means of thermal analysis methods. The aim of the study is to determine the mechanism function f(α), the activation energy E and the pre-exponential factor A. In recent years there have been many methods ofprocessing thermal analysis kinetic data. In the present work,     

Reduction and Coupling Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds by Aluminum Powder and a Small Amount of Oxalic Acid in Water

A convenient pinacol coupling of aromatic aldehydes and aryl methyl ketones has been achieved with high yields by aluminum powder in the presence of oxalic acid in water. However, the diastereoselectivities of pinacols were not satisfying, and most aliphatic aldehydes and diaryl ketones have been found to be unreactive under the same conditions.     

Effect of Hydrogen on Catalytic Coupling Reaction of Carbon Monoxide to Diethyl Oxalate

The kinetics of hydrolysis of tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride in aqueous solution at 353, 363 and 368 K in the pH-range from 2.00 to 12.20 has been investigated. The decomposition products have been investigated by HPLC. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Chemical Reactions and Kinetics of the Carbon Monoxide Coupling in the Presence of Hydrogen

The chemical reactions and kinetics of the catalytic coupling reaction of carbon monoxide to diethyl oxalate were studied in the presence of hydrogen over a supported palladium catalyst in the gaseous phase at the typical coupling reaction conditions. The experiments were performed in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor. The results indicated that hydrogen only reacts with ethyl nitrite to form ethanol, and kinetic studies revealed that the rate-determining step is the surface reaction of adsorbed hydrogen and the ethoxy radical (EtO-). A kinetic model is proposed and a comparison of the observed and calculated conversions showed that the rate expressions are of rather high confidence.     

Chemical Reactions and Kinetics of the Carbon Monoxide Coupling in the Presence of

The chemical reactions and kinetics of the catalytic coupling reaction of carbon monoxide to diethyl oxalate were studied in the presence of hydrogen over a supported palladium catalyst in the gaseous phase at the typical coupling reaction conditions. The experiments were performed in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor. The results indicated that hydrogen only reacts with ethyl nitrite to form ethanol, and kinetic studies revealed that the rate-determining step is the surface reaction of adsorbed hydrogen and the ethoxy radical (EtO-). A kinetic model is proposed and a comparison of the observed and calculated conversions showed that the rate expressions are of rather high confidence.     

钯系催化剂的氨中毒研究

 考察了CO常压气相偶联合成草酸酯反应体系中在不同氨含量下P\r\nd系催化剂活性随反应时间的变化．结果表明，随着氨含量的增加，催\r\n化剂活性降低的速率加快，氨含量不超过0．54％时，仅引起催化剂活\r\n性下降，但不会造成催化剂完全失活；当氨含量达1．16％时，催化剂\r\n活性随反应时间迅速下降，直至完全失活．同时，观测了催化剂氨中毒\r\n的不可逆性．利用XPS和TEM表征手段探讨了Pd系催化剂氨中毒机理，并\r\n分析了在工业生产条件下催化剂氨中毒不可逆性的原因．     

CO偶联反应中氧对Pd－Fe／α－Al2O3催化剂活性的影响

 在CO常压气相催化偶联合成草酸酯反应体系中，考察了原料气CO中不同氧杂质含量和不同反应温度对钯系催化剂活性的影响．结果表明，随着氧含量的增加和反应温度的升高，CO的转化率和草酸二乙酯（DEO）的空时收率升高，但DEO的选择性下降，且有副产物乙酸乙酯生成 ；氧杂质的存在同时加快了CO偶联主副反应速率．根据实验现象及XPS表征结果探讨了催化剂活性变化规律的机理，并考察了在反应温度下无CO偶联反应时氧对钯系催化剂中活性组分钯及助剂铁的氧化作用．实验结果表明，氧引起的钯系催化剂活性的改变具有可逆性．     

Study on the reaction of CO coupling to oxalate

The synthesis of diethyl oxalate from ethyl nitrite and carbon monoxide in gaseous phase has been studied at atmospheric pressure. Kinetics of coupling - regeneration reaction has been determined and the optimization of the reaction has been simulated. The influences of gas impurities has also been studied. Scale-up circulating shows that the concentrate and selectivity were stable in the product and the process is suitable for industrial production. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

草酸二乙酯催化加氢制乙二醇液相产物分析

介绍了一种草酸二乙酯催化加氢制乙二醇液相产物的气相色谱分析法,色谱分析在ＧＣ－１０３型色谱仪上进行,用ＣＤＭＣ－１ＣＸ型色谱数据处理机计算,液相产物在内填５％ＦＦＡＰ／６０～８０目硅藻土８８０（ＡＷＤＭＣＳ）的不锈钢色谱柱上分离,用热导检测器检测,以２０ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ流速的氢气为载气,每个样品的分析时间约为１０ｍｉｎ。方法快速简便,数据较为精密准确。     

Synthesis of Copper Oxalate Nanorods by a Simple One-step Solid-state Chemical Reaction Method

Copper oxalate nanorods were successfully prepared by means of a simple one-step solid-state reaction method with the assistance of a suitable surfactant, polyethylene glycol 400. The product with uniform rodlike morphology was characterized by XRD, TEM and SEM. The formational mechanism of the rod-like structure was also preliminary discussed.