佛山市蔬菜中若干重金属元素含量调查与分析

对广东佛山市蔬菜中重金属含量进行了调查与分析。结果表明,蔬菜中重金属元素含量取决于蔬菜种类和土壤环境,佛山市蔬菜中重金属元素含量基本上是正常的,仅个别样点土壤受污染,蔬菜重金属元素含量异常。蔬菜中重金属元素含量由高到低顺序大体上是:叶菜类,瓜果类蔬菜,根菜类蔬菜。蔬菜必需元素锌、铜含量比汞、镉、铅、铬、镍等非必需元素含量高。     

15种中成药中有害重金属铅、镉、铜含量的测定

为了解中药重金属污染情况,测定了市售常用15种中成药中重金属铅、镉、铜的含量,其中铅、镉采用石墨炉原子吸收法,铜采用火焰原子吸收法测定.结果表明,15种中成药均不同程度被这3种重金属污染,通心络中铅、镉、铜含量都已超标,桑菊感冒片镉超标,中药重金属污染问题仍然存在.     

六种常用滋补中药铅、汞、镉含量的测定

为了解山楂、山药、百合、枸杞子、麦冬、莲子六种常用滋补中药有害重金属含量,用石墨炉原子分光光度法测定了六种中药的铅和镉含量,用冷原子吸收分光光度法测定了六种中药的汞含量。结果表明,六种中药有害重金属含量由高到低顺序为:铅、镉、汞,六种中药汞含量均不超过0.02 mg/kg,镉含量最高0.32 mg/kg,最低0.08 mg/kg,铅含量在0.53~2.43 mg/kg之间。     

紫外分光光度法测定地龙中重金属的含量

为地龙重金属限量标准提供依据,采用紫外分光光度法测定了地龙中重金属的含量,分析波长为273 nm.结果表明,赤子爱胜蚓的重金属含量为13.04 μg/g,线性范围0～50 μg,平均加样回收率为99.42%.该法简便、快速、重现性好,能在一次操作中测出中药中大部分重金属的含量.     

用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定中草药中的重金属元素

中药中重金属元素的含量是重要质量控制指标之一,准确测定中草药中的重金属元素对中草药安全性的保证具有一定意义[1-2].     

不同提取方法对巴戟天中金属元素含量影响的初步探讨

采用了水提、醇提及模拟胃酸浓度的酸提法对巴戟天药材进行提取,并用火焰原子吸收分光光度法分别对其中的金属元素含量进行了测定。实验结果表明,三种提取方法中,醇提法金属溶出量最少,对于有害重金属含量较高的中药,可以在中药提取的工艺当中,利用不同的提取方法除去有害重金属。通过对三种提取方法所得的提取液中Pb、Cd的存在形态研究表明,Cd在工艺过程除去相对较容易,而Pb较困难,所以应在种植巴戟天时注意避免土壤及水源的Pb污染。     

中药中重金属的去除

介绍了国内外几种常用的去除中药中重金属的方法,重点介绍了超临界CO2配合萃取去除重金属方法的配合萃取原理、配合萃取过程的影响因素、配合剂的选择、中药中重金属的存在形态与配合萃取的关系、重金属的形态分析方法等,指出目前超临界CO2配合萃取重金属存在的问题,并对今后的研究趋势进行了展望。     

顺序注射-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定马氏珠母贝中镉的含量

镉是对人体有害的重金属元素之一,是慢性蓄积性毒物,对肾脏、骨骼、肺、肝、神经系统以及血液系统均可产生毒性,并且具有致癌、致畸和致突变的作用[1]。随着现代工业化的迅猛发展,海洋环境特别是贝类的生长环境受到重金属的污染日益严重。而贝类是具有很强富集能力的滤食性底栖生物,使到其体内重金属镉含量极易超标[2]。马氏珠母贝又名合浦珠母贝,是我国南方海水珍珠养殖的主要品种,主要分布在广东、广西和海南三省。其贝肉是一     

土壤环境生态对重金属元素迁移影响分析

作物中重金属元素主要来自土壤，其含量与作物种类和土壤环境有关。土壤中重金属元素含量、土壤pH值、Eh值、土壤化学组成、土壤质地等环境因素都影响作物中重金属元素含量。土壤pH值和Eh值影响重金属元素的活动性。重金属元素的水溶态容易被作物吸收，而难溶态和被土壤胶体固定的重金属元素，不能被作物吸收。同种作物重金属元素含量的差异主要取决于土壤环境。     

紫外分光光度法分析陈皮中微量元素硒

采用紫外分光光度法,在检测波长为335 nm,以邻苯二胺做显色剂,分析了中药陈皮中微量元素硒。结果表明,广东、陕西城固、四川陈皮中硒元素平均含量分别为5.3754,2.9008;2.7570μg/g。     

寒热中药微量元素的比较与分析

对28种温热中药及28种寒凉中药所测定的12种微量及常量元素进行了比较分析，发现温热药中Mn、Cu、Na、K含量显著高于寒凉药，而寒凉药中的Ca含量显著高于温热药，结果提示微量元素及常量元素含量的差异是中药寒凉温热性质的物质基础之一。     

植物类中药中微量元素的因子分析和聚类分析

尝试利用化学计量学方法探讨微量元素含量与中药药性的相关性。对１０５味植物类中药４２种微量元素测定数据用因子分析和聚类分析进行了多因素分析。因子分析证实了一个１０因子模型合理解释这些微量元素间的相关关系；样本聚类分析证明了１０５株中药合理地聚类成不同组；     

The difference between blood‐associated and water‐associated herbs of Danggui‐Shaoyao San in theory of TCM,based on serum pharmacochemistry

Danggui‐Shaoyao San (DSS) is a famous Chinese formula for activating blood circulation and promoting urination. This study was to investigate the difference of material basis between a blood‐associated herbs group and a water‐associated herbs group. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the formula can be divided into a blood‐associated herbs group (Angelica sinensis, Paeonia lactiflora and Ligusticum chuanxiong) and a water‐associated herbs group (Atractylodes macrocephala, Alisma orientale and Poria cocos). The HPLC fingerprint of the formula was established for quality control. Serum samples from rats, orally administrated DSS, and the decomposed recipes of DSS, were analyzed by HPLC‐DAD and the transitional blood components of DSS were identified. Twenty‐one common peaks were identified in the fingerprint of DSS. Contents of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, ferulic acid and alisol B 23‐acetate in co‐decoction were significantly higher than those in individual decoction. Eleven peaks belonged to the blood‐associated herbs group (four metabolites and seven prototype components; paeoniflorin and ferulic acid appeared in prototype components), whereas six peaks belonged to the water‐associated herbs group (three metabolites and three prototype components). It was concluded that the serum pharmacochemistry is a meaningful approach for clarifying the difference between blood‐associated and water‐associated herbs in chemical composition. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新墙河区草本植物重金属含量的测定

用HNO3∶HClO4=4∶1(V/V)混酸消解草本植物后,采用原子吸收光谱(AAS)法测定样品中铅、砷、镉、铜、锌。结果表明:方法加标回收率94.7%~100.3%,相对标准偏差0.8%~8.7%。草本植物各不同部分重金属含量有所不同;新墙河流域草本植物重金属含量相对偏高,新墙河的一条支流油港河比另一条支流沙港河重金属污染严重,是新墙河的主要污染来源。该法用于草本植物重金属含量的测定快速、灵敏、重现性好。     

分光光度法测定野菜中铁的含量(Ⅲ)

野菜无污染、无农药残毒,营养丰富,具有特殊风味,并且很多野菜还有医疗保健作用.用分光光度法直接测定了野菜中铁的含量,方法简便快速准确,对指导人们合理食用野菜进行补铁及进一步开发野菜提供了可靠的理论依据.     

Studies on elemental analysis of Chinese traditional herbs by neutron activation technique and their mutagenic effect

Chinese herbs are accepted as an alternative medicine for specific treatment of illness. It is important to know the contents of these herbs that might cause gene mutation. Ten most popular herbs used in Malaysia were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis. A total of 16 trace and major elements were determined and the concentration of elements varied depending on the origin of the herb. The study showed that the toxic elements found in the samples were below the levels prescribed by health regulations. The mutagenicity test showed that there was no toxic effect due to the heavy metals present in the herbs. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中药中砷镉汞铅ICP-MS测定值的聚类分析

聚类分析又称集群分析,它是研究“物与类聚”的一种数理统计方法,聚类分析可将一些观察对象依据某些特征加以归类。已经在生物学和医学分类问题[1]以及中药的鉴别与质量评价[2]中获得广泛应用。祁俊生等[3]利用因子分析和聚类分析探讨了微量元素含量与中药药性的相关性。梁逸曾     

Identification of gamma-irradiated Chinese herbs by thermoluminescence analysis

The feasibility of thermoluminescence (TL) to differentiate irradiated Chinese medicinal herbs from non-irradiated was investigated. Thirty different dried Chinese herbs were tested, including root, flower, ramulus, rhizome, cortex, and whole plant samples. Irradiation of Chinese herbs was associated with strong TL peaks at ~150–250 °C, while TL curves of non-irradiated herbs had very low intensities above 250 °C, which was also confirmed by the TL ratio (non-irradiated, TL₁/TL₂ < 0.1). The ability to determine the irradiation dose by the TL method was influenced by the amount and types of minerals in the samples. All levels of irradiation doses could be detected when between 0.1 and 1.0 kGy, except for three herbs at 0.1 kGy dose. Different blends with small quantities (0.1–10 %) of irradiated herbs were also tested in this study. Samples with powder mixtures containing 1 % irradiated components could be differentiated (TL₁/TL₂ > 0.1) except for sterculia lychnophora, semen cassia, flos inulae, and anemone root. TL ratios of some herbs indicated irradiation (TL₁/TL₂ > 0.1) even if the irradiated components were as low as 0.1 %. Thus we demonstrated that TL analysis had excellent sensitivity and reliability for the identification of irradiated Chinese herbs.     

Plasticizers and BPA in spices and aromatic herbs of Mediterranean areas

Abstract

This research is carried out in order to characterize the actual contamination by two ubiquitous environmental pollutants, plasticizers and Bisphenol A, in spices (black pepper, caraway and coriander) and aromatic herbs (fennel, laurel, mint, oregano, rosemary, thyme and verbena) from Algeria (n?=?26), Tunisia (n?=?65) and Italy (n?=?53). Algerian samples seem to contain fewer residues than Italian and Tunisian samples. Among the Italian samples, only aromatic herbs, precisely mint, oregano, and laurel, were contaminated. In general, all Tunisian samples showed five plasticizers residues: the caraway, among the spices, and the rosemary, among the aromatic herbs, are found to contain more residues. Also, dietary intake of these contaminants by spices and aromatic herbs under analysis seems not to constitute a risk to the consumers.     

Reversal effects of traditional Chinese herbs on multidrug resistance in cancer cells

Multidrug resistance (MDR) continues to be a major obstacle for successful anticancer therapy. In this work, fractions from 17 clinically used antitumour traditional Chinese medicinal herbs were tested for their potential to restore the sensitivity of MCF-7/ADR and A549/Taxol cells to a known antineoplastic agent. The effects of these fractions were evaluated by MTT method and an assay of the cellular accumulation of doxorubicin. Fractions from the PB group (herbs with the ability to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis) showed more significant effects than fractions from the CH group (herbs with the ability to clear away heat and toxic materials). Fractions from CH?Cl? extracts were more effective than fractions from EtOAc extracts. Five herbs (Curcuma wenyujin, Chrysanthemum indicum, Salvia chinensis, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. and Cassia tora L.) could sensitise these resistant cancer cells at a non-toxic concentration (10?μg?mL?1), and markedly increased doxorubicin accumulation in MCF-7/ADR cells, which necessitates further investigations on the active ingredients of these herbs and their underlying mechanisms.