Conformational isomerism in 1,2-di-o-tolylnaphthalenes: selective rotation of the 2-aryl ring

Two derivatives (X=Cl, CN) of 1,2-ditolylnaphthalene were prepared as models to investigate their conformational behavior that could involve rotation of either of the tolyl rings. The existence of anti and syn atropisomers was evident from their ¹H NMR spectra at room temperature indicating two pairs of well-resolved singlets for the methyl protons. Dynamic ¹H NMR studies estimated the rotation barrier to be about 76-82 kJ mol⁻¹, a value consistent with selective rotation of the 2-tolyl ring in the conformation inter-conversion.     

Stereoselective synthesis of (E)-N,N-diethyl-3-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyrid-2-yl)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)propenamide

The title compound, gem-amidovinylsulfone 3, was synthesized stereoselectively by aldolic condensation of N,N-diethylphenylsulfonylacetamide 1 on imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carbaldehyde 2 adding Et₃N at the end. The X-ray crystal structure of 3 [C₂₀H₂₁N₃O₃S: M_r=383.5, monoclinic, P2₁, a=8.191(4) Å, b=21.132(2) Å, c=11.752(1) Å, β=96.40(2)°, V=2022(1) Å³, Z=4 (two molecules per asymmetric unit), D_calc=1.260 g cm⁻³, λ(Mo Kα)=0.71073 Å, μ=0.184 mm⁻¹, F(000)=808, T=293(2)K, R=0.059 for 5105 observed reflections with I≥2σ(I)] was determined, and confirmed the (E) configuration.     

Iron(III)-catalyzed synthesis of 3-aroylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines from 2-aminopyridines and ynals

An efficient iron-catalyzed intermolecular aminooxygenation of 2-aminopyridines with a wide range of ynals has been developed. 3-Aroylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines containing various functional groups are synthesized under the standard conditions. The transformation is conducted in simple conditions and forms products in good yields.     

Conformational equilibrium and dynamic behavior of bis‐N‐triflyl substituted 3,8‐diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane

Restricted rotation about the N–S partial double bonds in a bis‐N‐triflyl substituted 3,8‐diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivative 1 has been frozen at low temperature (ΔG^≠ = 11.6 kcal mol^?1), and the existence of all four rotamers about the two N–S bonds, 3‐in,8‐in, 3‐in,8‐out, 3‐out,8‐in, and 3‐out,8‐out, respectively, proved experimentally by NMR spectroscopy and theoretically by DFT and MP2 calculations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and conformational analysis of naphth[1′,2′:5,6][1,3]oxazino[3,2-c][1,3]benzoxazine and naphth[1′,2′:5,6][1,3]oxazino[3,4-c][1,3]benzoxazine derivatives

A new functional group, the hydroxy group, was inserted into a Betti base by reaction with salicylaldehyde, and the naphthoxazine derivatives thus obtained were converted by ring-closure reactions with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde or phosgene to the corresponding naphth[1′2′:5,6][1,3]oxazino[3,2-c][1,3]benzoxazine derivatives. Further, the conformational analysis of these polycyclic compounds by NMR spectroscopy and an accompanying molecular modelling are reported; especially, both quantitative anisotropic ring current effects of the aromatic moieties in these compounds and steric substituent effects were employed to determine the stereochemistry of the naphthoxazinobenzoxazine derivatives.     

2-甲硫基-7(5)-取代-3-吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶甲酸乙酯的区域选择性合成与2D NMR 研究

利用3-甲硫基-4-乙氧羰基-5-氨基-1H-吡唑分别与甲基/芳基烯胺酮反应, 合成了8种新的化合物2-甲硫基-7-取代-3-吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶甲酸乙酯(3a～3g)和2-甲硫基-5-甲基-3-吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶甲酸乙酯(4a). 化合物的结构均经元素分析, IR, ¹H NMR, MS所证实, 异构体3a和4a的结构进一步由¹³C NMR, HMQC和HMBC确认. 同时, 探讨了区域选择性合成吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶类化合物可能的反应机理, 并对部分化合物杀菌活性进行了测试.     

Practical synthesis of regioisomeric 5(7)-amino-6,7(4,5)-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines

A convenient and efficient synthesis of new 5-azapurine derivatives was developed. The regioisomeric 5-amino-6,7-dihydro- and 7-amino-4,5-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines were prepared in 3–4 steps from benzhydrazide via complementary and regiospecific routes as a part of our lead finding program. The molecular structures and tautomeric preferences of the compounds obtained were investigated using NMR spectral data and X-ray crystallography.     

(±)Alkyl 3-hydroxy-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3-carboxylates: conformational preferences of the alkoxycarbonyl group

Molecular mechanics, ab initio (RHF) and density functional (DFT/B3LYP) methods are applied to investigate the conformational preferences of the methoxycarbonyl group of the (±)methyl 3-hydroxy-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3-carboxylate. ¹H and ¹³C chemical shifts are also calculated by the GIAO/DFT approach and compared with experimental values. Both theoretical and experimental data account for almost eclipsed conformations with different degrees of distortion from the ideal geometry. It is found that calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level are relatively more reliable to explain the behaviour of the alkoxycarbonyl moiety of 2-hydroxyesters derived from the (±)3-hydroxy-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3-carboxylic acid.     

Mild synthesis of enantiomerically pure imidazo-[1,2-a]azepines mediated by Yb(OTf)3

The reaction of various chiral 2,2′-diaryldialdehydes with achiral and chiral 1,2-diamines in the presence of Lewis acids to give imidazo[1,2-a]azepines was investigated. Best results were achieved with Yb(OTf)₃; the reaction outcome is strongly dependent upon the geometric features of both reactants. Kinetic resolution of rac-2,2′-dinaphthyldialdehyde with (R,R)-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-diamminoethane (up to 92% e.e.) was achieved.     

Synthesis of 9-(trifluoromethyl)pyrido[1′,2′:1,2]-imidazo[4,5-b]quinoxalines

9-(Trifluoromethyl)pyrido[1′,2′:1,2]imidazo[4,5-b]quinoxalines (9-CF₃-PIQs) were obtained from the cyclization of 2-amino-3-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinoxaline ( 1a ) with some substituted pyridines. 3-[2-(4-Pyridyl)ethenyl]-9-CF₃-PIQ, one of thus obtained 9-CF₃-PIQs, cyclized with another molecule of 1a to produce the dihydro bis-PIQ-ethene derivative.     

Synthesis of new-type donor–acceptor π-conjugated benzofuro[2,3-c]oxazolo[4,5-a]carbazole fluorescent dyes and their photovoltaic performances of dye-sensitized solar cells

New-type donor–acceptor π-conjugated benzofuro[2,3-c]oxazolo[4,5-a]carbazole fluorescent dyes with various lengths of non-conjugated alkyl chains containing a carboxyl group at the end position have been developed and their photovoltaic performances of dye-sensitized solar cells are investigated. It is found that in spite of the lengths of the alkyl chains, due to flexibility of alkyl chain, the cyano group of the dyes is located in close proximity to TiO₂ surface and thus a good electron communication between the dyes and TiO₂ surface is established.     

Synthesis of 6-amino-4-aryl-5-cyano-3-(3-cyanopyridin-2-ylthiomethyl)-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles and their hydrogenated analogs. Molecular structure of 6-amino-5-cyano-3-(3-cyano-4,6-dimethylpyridin-2-ylthiomethyl)-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole

Substituted 3-hydroxypyrazoles, which were prepared based on ethyl esters of substituted 4-(pyridin-2-ylthio)- or 4-(1,4-dihydropyridin-2-ylthio)acetoacetic acids and hydrazine hydrate, were used in the synthesis of 6-amino-4-aryl-5-cyano-3-(pyridin-2-ylthiomethyl)-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles. The molecular and crystal structure of 6-amino-5-cyano-3-(3-cyano-4,6-dimethylpyridin-2-ylthiomethyl)-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole was established by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Crystal structure and conformational analysis of 1-[N-(2-bromophenyl)]naphthaldimine

1-[N-(2-bromophenyl)]naphthaldimine (C₁₇H₁₂NOBr) (1) was synthesised and its crystal structure was determined. The compound 1 is orthorhombic, space group P2₁2₁2₁ with a=12.653(2), b=13.7311(14), Z=4, R=0.032 for 499 reflections I>2σ(I)]. There is an intramolecular hydrogen bond of distance 2.473(3) Å between the hydroxyl oxygen atom and imine nitrogen atom, the hydrogen atom essentially being bonded to the oxygen atom. Minimum energy conformation was calculated as a function of torsion angle θ (C10-C11-N1-C12) varied every 5 degrees. The optimized geometry of the crystal structure corresponding to the non-planar conformation is the most stable conformation in all calculations. The results strongly indicate that the minimum energy conformation is primarily determined by hydrogen-hydrogen repulsions between the ortho-hydrogen atoms on the aldehyde rings. Complementary IR, ¹H NMR and UV measurements in solution and in the solid state were carried out.     

Conformational and NBO analysis on cis and trans isomers of methyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-β-carboline-3-carboxylate

The cis and trans-methyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-β-carboline-3-carboxylates were prepared and ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra were recorded for both isomers. Conformational and NBO analysis were carried out for the cis and trans isomers. Conformer structures were pre-optimized using the hybrid method B3LYP along with the 6-311+G(d) basis set. Frequency calculations were employed to confirm the structures as minimum points. Potential energy surfaces (PES) were built at the same level of theory. Geometries obtained from DFT calculations were used to perform NBO analysis by the NBO 3.1 module in GAUSSIAN 03. The results obtained through theoretical calculations revealed that the shielding observed at C1 for the trans isomer can be attributed to carbomethoxy γ-effect, together with the hyperconjugative effect, while only hyperconjugative effects were found to explain the shielding of C3. The higher chemical shift value of C3 of the cis isomer was attributed to the carbonyl substituent, which plays an important role by capturing part of the electronic density in C3.     

9,9-二甲基-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4-苯基-9H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吲哚高氯酸盐的微波合成及晶体结构

利用2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚高氯酸盐、1-苯基-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2-丙烯-1-酮与哌啶在微波辐射条件下合成了9,9-二甲基-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4-苯基-9H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吲哚高氯酸盐, 在甲醇中培养出单晶, 通过X射线单晶结构分析法测定分子结构和晶体结构, 晶体属于正交晶系, Pca2₁空间群, 晶胞参数为: a＝2.7923(6) nm, b＝0.92126(17) nm, c＝1.8345(4) nm, V＝4.7190(16) nm³, D_c＝1.345 g/cm³, μ＝0.201 mm^－1, F(000)＝2000, Z＝8, R₁＝0.0566, wR₂＝0.1320.     

Five-membered 2,3-dioxo heterocycles: LVII. Recyclization of 3-pivaloylpyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline-1,2,4(5H)-triones by the action of o-phenylenediamine. Crystalline and molecular structure of 3-[3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-(3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-yl)butyl]-1-phenylquinoxalin-2(1H)-one

3-[(Z)-3,3-Dimethyl-2-oxobutylidene]-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one and its 1-phenyl-substituted analog reacted with oxalyl chloride to give the corresponding 3-pivaloylpyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline-1,2,4(5H)-triones. Reactions of the latter with o-phenylenediamine led to the formation of 3,3′-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutane-1,1-diyl)di[quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones]. Original Russian Text ? K.S. Bozdyreva, Z.G. Aliev, A.N. Maslivets. 2008, published in Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 612–616. For communication LVI, see [1].