STUDY ON WAYS OF FORCING INTERCELLULAR CYTOPLASM AND CHROMATIN MIGRATION TO TRANSFER EXTERNAL GENETIC SUBSTANCES TO PLANT CELLS BY ARTIFICIAL MOTIVE FORCE

A new cell engineering technique (L. B. technique) was established in our Lab. At first, the physical and chemical methods were used to facilitate the reestablishment of intercellular contacts and plasmodesma channels between different parents, thus forcing cytoplasm and chromatin to pass the cell wall with different qualities and quantities from one cell to others, through the enlarged intercellular plasmodesma channels or the vulnerable regions and the holes on the cell wall formed differently in growth and thickness in the process of cell wall formation to introduce external genetic substances or gene groups into plant cells. There are different ways, frequencies and strengths for the migration between the cells in different growth and development regions or the same growth and development region. In this paper we advance the mechanism of cytoplasm and chromatin migration through the cell wall: There are a large number of plasmodesma channels or vulnerable regions and holes different in growth and th     

SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF NEODYMIUM AND PRASEODYMIUM BY ZERO-ORDER AND FOURTH-ORDER DFRIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

With derivative spectrophotometric method,the complexes oflanthanides with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophen-ol(5-Br-PADAP)in the presence of octylphenol poly(ethyleneg-lycol)ether(TX-100)were studied.It is found that the maximumabsorption of fourth-order derivative spectra of the neodymiumcomplex by 4f electron transitions is at 579(+)nm and 582(-)nmwith molar derivative absorptivities of 5.2×10~3 1.mol~(-1).cm~(-1).The maximum absorption of the zero-order derivative spectra ofthe complexes for neodymium and praseodymium is at 580hm,themolar absorptivities are 1.47×10~5 l.mol~(-1).cm~(-1)for Nd and 1.26×10~5 l.mol~(-1).cm~(-1)for Pr.The component ratio of the complexis Nd:5-Br-PADAP=1:4.Beer's law is obeyed in the range of0-3.75μg of Nd and Pr in 25ml of solution.The method has beenused for the simultaneous determination of Nd and Pr in foursynthetic samples and the results obtained are satisfactory.     

Spectrophotometric determination of acidity constants of 4-(2′-thiazolylazo)-resorcinol (TAR) in water-organic mixtures

<正>The acidity constants of TAR in different water-organic solvent binary mixtures at 25℃have been determined spectrophotometrically. DATa ANalysis(DATAN) program was used for calculations of the acidity constants and pure spectra of all formed species and their concentration distribution diagram in applied pH interval.Results show that there are a fairly inverse relationship between acidity constants and the mole fraction of the organic solvent in the binary mixtures.Effects of solvent composition on the pK_as and pure spectrum of each component are also discussed.     

THE MORPHOLOGICAL SIMILARITY AND SYMMETRY OF NEURONES IN THE LEECH Whitmania pigra

Using the method of intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase, the arborizations of several neurones with different functions in the segmental ganglia of the leech Whitmania pigra are investigated. Comparison is made in each kind of neurones in order to verify their typical pattern. Results show that the morphology of the axonal arbors of identified neurones has an accurate similarity within and among the individuals of the leech, and the axonal arborizations of the bilaterally identified neurones in the same ganglion have a stable symmetry. The possible reasons of the formation and its functional significance of the symmetrical nervous system are discussed.     

DIRECT DETERMINATION OF NEODYMIUM AND ERBIUM IN RARE EARTH MIXTURE BY DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

The absorption spectra of 4f electron transitions of the complexes of neodymium and erbium with 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonic acid in the presence of diethylamine and ethanol have been measured by normal and third-derivative spectrophotometry. Their molar absorptivities are 70.7 l.mol~(-1).cm~(-1) for Nd and 62.5 l.mol~(-1).cm~(-1) for Er. They are 7.6 times and 14.9 times greater than those of corresponding chlorides, respectively. Use of the third-derivative spectra both eliminates the interference of Ce(Ⅳ) and increases the sensitivity for Nd and Er. Beer,s Law was obeyed from 0-10 ug/ml of Nd and Er. The method has been applied to the determination of neodymium and erbium in rare earth mixtures.     

RETENTION RULE IN THE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY——SELECTION OF THE OPTIMUM ELUTION COMPOSITION OF SOME PTH AMINO ACIDS ON SILICA GEL

The minimal relative retention α' and the required relative retention α'_(min) of the pair of substances being most difficult to separate in a multicomponent mixture have been discussed on the basis of the fundametal retention equation ln k'=b_0 b_1C_B b_2ln C_B and resolution criterion. The selection principle to optimize elution composition means that selected a value must be greater than α'_(min) and that the capacity factor of last peak should be held to a minimum. A rapid method to select optimum elution composition has been established in which it is necessary to do a few experiments. An example for the 5 pairs of phenylthiohydantion amino acids (PTH-AA) using the ternary mobile phase of methanol, ether and hexane is also demonstrated in this paper. The results show that theoretical prediction is good in agreement with the experiments.     

SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION METHOD OF LINEAR AND NON—LINEAR LIQUID PREPARATIVE CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION

The paper proposes the identification method of linear and non-linear chromatographic system.Isotherms and lumped mass transfer coefficients of chromatography separating isomer sorbitol and mannitol on D80 adsorbent are determined.The analyses of root mean square error of chromatography elution curves are carried out.The results show that the system studied is non-linear and the theoretical elution curves of the non-linear chromatographic model are more accurate than those of the linear chromatographic model,Results of parameter sensitivity analyses show that elution curves of non-linear chromatopraphic separation aremore sensitive to the variation of parameter “ai” in the adsorption isotherms Qi=Ci^*/(ai+biCi^*) than to the variation of parameter “bi”as well as lumped mass transfer coefficients.     

Intercalation of Epinephrine with Calf-thymus ds-DNA

Interactions of DNA with various molecules are interesting because of its importance in gene expression process of living cells. Several models for the interaction between DNA and some small molecules have been proposed1-4. We are interested in the possibility of the interaction between DNA/RNA and neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and epinephrine, because these species are very important substances for keeping normal physiological functions of brain and neuro system. However, no report…     

INFLUENCE OF THERMAL AND NON—THERMAL EFFECTS OF ULTRASOUND ON ISOTHERMS OF PHENOL ON NKAⅡ RESIN

Adsorption equilibrium experiments of phenol on the NKA II resin are separately conducted in the presence and absence of ultrasound at ambient temperature.The isotherm of phenol on the polymer adsorbent in the presence of ultrasonic field is firstly reported.Results indicated that the isotherm of phenol determined in the presence of ultrasound is lower than that in the absence of ultrasound.In addition,experiments also show that the use of ultrasound to the adsorption system of the phenol aqueous solution and NKA Ⅱ resin could cause the rising of the temperature of the system in the order of 6^-C.The effect of ultrasound on the isotherm of the phenol on the NKA Ⅱ resin mostly ascribes to the thermal effect and the non-thermal effect of ultrasonic field.and the role of the later is greater than that of the former.     

STUDY ON OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL AND WATER VAPOUR CONTENT

With the multichannel radiometer of visible and infrared band, ground-based observationsof the intensity of solar spectrum and the atmospheric optical thickness have been made andthe method of remote sensing atmospheric aerosol and water vapour content have been studied.With the radiometer(seven channels of 0.5--1.06μ), observations have been made for morethan one year in Beijing. The atmospheric water vapour content obtained from remote sensingis in accord with that from radiosonde data. In this paper, the characteristics of atmosphericaerosol and total water vapour content are discussed, and the influences of aerosol and thewater vapour on the atmospheric optical thickness and the relationship between them in thewater absorption region are also treated with.     

Synthesis of Novel Biologically Active s-Triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole Derivatives

Heterocycles bearing a symmetrical triazole or 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring system are reported to show a broad spectrum of biological activities.[1,2] The 1,2,4-triazole nucleus has been recently incorporated into a wide variety of therapeutically interesting drugs including H1/H2 histamine receptor blockers, cholinesterase active agents, CNS stimulants, antianxiety and sedatives[3] Coumarins are nowadays an important group of organic compounds that used as bactericides, fungicides,anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, anti-HIV and antitumour agents.[4,5] Keeping in view the biological importance of the above mentioned heterocyclic compounds and in continuation of our search for biologically active nitrogen and sulphur heterocycles, a series of s-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives was synthesized.     

THE SYMMETRY BREAKING IN LIVING SYSTEMS——THE SELECTION RULES, SENSITIVITY AND CHIRALITY MATCHING

This paper is a study of the correlation between the spatial symmetry breaking and the intrinsic parity of the critical eigenstate for the spherical reaction-diffusion systems with a general non-linear biochemical reaction scheme. The effects of microenvironment on the ehiral symmetry breaking in biochemical systems are discussed and special attention paid to the selection rules, sensitivity and matching of chirality between the system and environment.     

NEXT NEAREST NEIGHBOR EFFECT ON TETRAHEDRAL FERROUS AND OCTAHEDRAL FERRIC IRON IN CHROMITE

Four chromites have been studied by using Mssbauer spectroscopy. Of the spectra of four chromites studied, three spectra aro fitted to three or four Fe~(2+) doublets in the tetrahedral A sites and one or two Fe~(3+) doublets in the tetrahedral A sites and octahedral B sites. The fourth spectrum is fitted to one Fe~(3+) doublet in the A sites and two Fe~(3+) doublets in tho B sites. Constant isomer shifts of approximately 0.9 mm/s for Fe~(2+) ions in the A sites and 0.3 mm/s for Fe~(3+) ions in the B sites as well as gradual changing quadrupole splitting for both of the A sites and the B sites are obtained. The binomial distributions in the B sites are ealeulated. Next nearest neighbor effect is used to explain the multiple doublets caused by Fe~(2+) ions in the A sites in the spectra of chromites Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and by Fe~(3+) ions in the B sites in the spectrum of chromite Ⅳ.     

GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGY OF POLYMER-ACTIN COMPLEXES

F-actins are semi-flexible polyelectrolytes and can be assembled into large polymer-actin complex with polymorphism through electrostatic interaction with polycations. This study investigates the structural phase behavior and the growth of polymer-actin complexes in terms of its longitudinal and lateral sizes. Our results show that formation of polymer-actin complexes is cooperative, and morphology and growth of polymer-actin complexes depend on polycation species and concentrations of polycation and salt in a constant actin concentration. We found that the longitudinal growth and lateral growth of polymer-actin complexes are dominated by different factors. This induces the structural polymorphism of polymer-actin complexes. Major factors to influence the polymorphism of polymer-actin complexes in polyelectrolyte system have been discussed. Our results indicate that the semi-flexible polyelectrolyte nature of F-actins is important for controlling the morphology and growth of actin architectures in cell.     

Studies on nitramide and its methyl derivatives with ab initio calculations——Ⅳ.The harmonic force field and vibrational spectra of dimethylnitramine and its isotopic derivatives

The complete harmonic vibrational force field of dimethylnitramine has been calculatedat the Hartree-Fock level using 4-21G basis set.The harmonic force field was then scaled with scalefactors previously derived from N-methylnitramine,and the vibrational spectrum of dimethylnitraminewas computed.This apriori prediction,made with no reference to observations on dimethylnitramine,agrees with the experimental IR spectrum in gas phase with a mean deviation of 8.4 cm~(-1).Some of thescale factors were reoptimized by fitting of the computed force field to experimental data.The newset of scale factors reduced the mean deviation to 4.5 cm~(-1),and was used to predict the vibrationalspectrum of deuterated form of dimethylnitramine(-6D).Dipole moment derivatives were also cal-culated and used to predict infrared intensities which are comparable with experimental values.     

四元交互体系Li^＋,K^＋／cL^—,CO^2—3—H2O在298K时相平？…

Zabuye Saline Lake, Tibet, China, is unrivalled in the world for its very high salinity, in particular, for the very high concentration of ions of lithium, potassium, and boron in the brine. It belongs to alkaline and carbonate-borate-type salt lake. As a part of the study on phase equilibrium of the 6component subsystem Li+, Na+, K+/C1-, CO2-3, B4O2-7-H2O of the brine system, a study on the reciprocal quaternary system Li+, K+/C1-, CO32-H2O at 298 K was done with isothermal dissolution equilibrium method in the present work. The phase equilibrium of the reciprocal quaternary system Li+,K+/C1, CO2-3-H2O at 298 K was studied with isothermal dissolution method in this work. The physicochemistry properties of the corresponding equilibrium solutions such as densities, viscosities, refractive index, conductivities and pH value were determined. The dried salt diagram of the system consists of four crystallization fields (KC1, Li2CO3, LiCI·H2O, K2CO3·3/2H2O) and five isothermal solubility curves.There are no double slat or solid solution found. Pitzer′s model of the electrolyte solution theory was used for parameterization from the results of solubility determination for subsystems and the prediction of solubilities for the reciprocal quaternary system was made. The solubility data of the experiment are in agreement with those calculated.     

REFINED CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF INSULIN AT 1.8A RESOLUTION——HYDROGEN BONDS AND BOUND WATER

The hydrogen bonds in insulin fall into three cases: the helical hydrogen bonds in α- or 3_(10)helices, the non-helical one formed by polar groups of insulin itself, and the hydrogen bondsformed between insulin and water. By using the information obtained, the results of a seriesof biochemical investigations on insulin analogs related to B-chain C-terminal peptide can beinterpreted and it can also be inferred that the complex behaviours of the aggregation ofinsulin may play a protective role for the unique conformation of the molecule. Water structure also appears in the refined model. About one third of the water in anasymmetric unit is hydrogen-bonded to insulin molecules or each other, which are referred toas bound water. The polar and charged groups of insulin all show the tendencies to bind towater molecules as many as possible, which is a significant factor for the stabilization of theunique conformation of the molecule. The binding way of water molecules to insulin mole-cules is also analysed.     

PERIODIC AND NONPERIODIC OSCILLATIONS OF NONLINEAR ATMOSPHERIC WAVES FORCED BY PERIODIC THERMAL FORCING——SYSTEM WITH DISSIPATION

This is a continued paper of [1]. The dissipation is considered here for analysing the mul-tiple equilibria and their instability. It is found that the far super-resonant and sub-resonantequilibria are stable and the near super-resonant equilibrium is unstable. The numerical resultsfor the periodic varying forcing show that the two kinds of stable equilibria in the dissipativesystem can alternatively transform into an asymmetrical oscillation with a period same asthat of the forcing.     

FORMATION AND DYNAMIC CHANGE OF INTERMEDIATES DURING THE SYNTHESIS OF LOWER ALCOHOLS

By means of the in silu IR spectroscopy fast response technique for apulse of gas,the formation and dynamic change of the intermediates on the cat-alyst surface during the synthesis of lower alcohols from CO+H_2 have beenstudied.The intermediates,such as HCOM(1715cm~(-1)),(1670cm~(-1)),HCOOM(1590,1382cm~(-1)),CH_3COM(1730cm~(-1))andCH_3COOM(1563,1434cm~(-1))were detected by IR.It was found that HCOMis the initial intermediate and can be transformed into,the growthof carbon chain is realized by the reaction of HCOM or HCOwith theadsorbed CO and H.HCOOM and CH_3COOM are not the main intermediates inthis expermental conditions.     

A SERIES OF TRINUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM CLUSTERS WITH LOOSE COORDINATION SITES

<正> The cluster compound Mo3S4[S2P(OEt)2]4(H2O) with a comparatively stable cluster core [Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-S)3]4+ and some labile ligands or loosely coordination sites has been already prepared successfully by a self-assembly reaction. Its surprising chemical reactivity in the reactions of substitution, addition, and oxidation has been noted and used widely for the syntheses of a series of new, trinuclear Mo cluster compounds, of which the structures of the 12 selected compounds characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis are exhibited in diagrams. Meanwhile, those compounds with the same cluster core [Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-S)2]4+ show two groups of characteristic IR bands at ~480 cm-1 for the Mo-(μ-S) vibration and -450cm-1. for the Mo- (μ3-S), and their selected bond distances are tabulated as well.In a cluster-catalyzed homogeneous process, it is important that clusters have loose coordination sites or are coordination unsaturated. In our further research on the medium-valence molybdenum clusters[1], we have foun