强激光场中氘团簇的离子能谱与团簇尺度

在SILEX-Ⅰ装置上进行了超短超强激光与氘团簇相互作用的实验。采用法拉第筒测量了激光与氘团簇靶相互作用后发射出的氘离子能谱,并根据氘离子能谱计算出氘团簇的尺寸和分布。由于激光预脉冲的影响,得到了团簇的尺度比瑞利散射测量的结果小。这些结果对团簇源制备系统的改进和优化激光打靶有着重要的参考意义,而且可以为团簇尺度的测量提供一种新的方法。     

强激光场中氘团簇双重膨胀引发核聚变

在超强fs激光与氘团簇的相互作用中, 分析了可以引发核聚变的高能氘核产生的原因,提出了团簇双重膨胀的机制,计算了氘核动能及团簇解体的时间, 为选取合适的激光脉冲宽度参数提供参考. Considering the Coulomb explosion induced by the interaction of a deuterium cluster target with ultra intensity femtosecond laser,the causation which generate energetic deuterium nuclei for the fusion has been analyzed. The mechanism for the dual explosion of deuterium cluster is proposed, and hence the velocity of deuterium nuclei and the expansion time of deuterium ion clusters have been estimated.     

甲烷团簇与氘团簇的团簇源特性比较

利用瑞利散射法测量了特定喷嘴产生的甲烷团簇及氘团簇的大小随背压的变化曲线。将团簇大小的实验值与Hagena理论进行了比较,当背压超过3 MPa时,两种团簇的实验值都明显高于理论值。实验发现,特定喷嘴在相同的背压下,常温(298 K)甲烷团簇尺寸小于低温(80 K)氘团簇尺寸,而甲烷团簇中氢原子数至少是氘团簇中氘原子数的1.98倍。     

甲烷团簇与氘团簇的团簇源特性比较

利用瑞利散射法测量了特定喷嘴产生的甲烷团簇及氘团簇的大小随背压的变化曲线。将团簇大小的实验值与Hagena理论进行了比较,当背压超过3MPa时,两种团簇的实验值都明显高于理论值。实验发现,特定喷嘴在相同的背压下,常温(298K)甲烷团簇尺寸小于低温(80K)氘团簇尺寸,而甲烷团簇中氢原子数至少是氘团簇中氘原子数的1.98倍。     

飞秒激光氘团簇库仑爆炸引发核聚变的机理研究

在超强飞秒激光与氘团簇的相互作用中，利用库仑爆炸模型，分析了可以引发核聚变的高能氘核产生的机理，提出了氘离子团簇膨胀尺寸与时间的关系式，计算了多种尺寸的氘团簇库仑爆炸时氘核的动能以及氘团簇的解体时间． 关键词： 飞秒强激光 氘团簇 库仑爆炸 核聚变     

强激光场中团簇Na2的谐波产生

在时间相关的局域密度近似TDLDA理论框架下,研究了强激光场中最简单金属团簇Na2高次谐波的产生.当激光参数选为强度1.338×1012W/cm2和频率5.266eV时,在激光频率和Na2的共振频率处成峰;而当强度为5.055×1012W/cm2,频率为1.124eV时,观察到了第三,第五次谐波产生.     

强激光场中团簇Na_2的谐波产生

在时间相关的局域密度近似TDLDA理论框架下 ,研究了强激光场中最简单金属团簇Na2 高次谐波的产生。当激光参数选为强度 1.338× 10 12 W/cm2 和频率 5 .2 6 6eV时 ,在激光频率和Na2 的共振频率处成峰 ;而当强度为 5 .0 5 5× 10 12 W/cm2 ,频率为 1.12 4eV时 ,观察到了第三 ,第五次谐波产生。     

低温高背压氘团簇源特性研究

为了产生大尺度氘团簇用于与强激光相互作用研究，研制了低温高背压团簇源.利用瑞利散射法对团簇尺度与气体背压相关性和团簇的形成演变过程进行了研究.得到团簇尺度N_c随背压的指数变化关系为N_c∝P^2.89₀，当气体温度为80K，背压P₀为48×10⁵Pa时，氘团簇尺度N_c≈2630，并得到了团 关键词： 氘团簇 团簇源 瑞利散射 激光与团簇相互作用     

飞秒激光氘团簇聚变

简要介绍了原子团簇的产生方法和特点以及激光惯性约束核聚变的基本原理,氚团簇在飞秒激光的作用下,大量吸收激光能量,产生了高离化态高能离子,从而实现了氚团簇桌面台式聚变。     

低能氘团簇离子(d+3)诱发固体靶内D-D核聚变过程中的团簇效应研究

通过对由三个氘原子组成的氘团簇离子(d⁺₃)与三个分立的氘核(3d⁺)在轰击吸氘固体靶时所发生的D-D聚变反应率的差别的研究，进而揭示氘团簇离子在与固体靶中的氘核发生聚变反应时所体现出的团簇效应.实验结果显示，在10—40keV/d能区，每个氘团簇中的氘核(d⁺₃/3)所产生的聚变反应率高于具有相同速度的独立氘核(d⁺)所产生的聚变反应率.反之，在50—100keV/d能区，独立氘核比之于氘团簇中的单个氘核所产生的聚变反应率要高.两者之间的比值具有非常明显的能量相关性.这种团簇特性与团簇离子本身特性及固体靶环境等多方面因素有关.对其作用过程和实验中观测到的现象的实质做了具体讨论. 关键词：     

Growth of deuterium clusters in a gas jet and ion energy spectrum of clusters in ultra-short laser field

Large deuterium clusters are generated using a cryogenic pulse valve with a cone nozzle (21 mm long, 4° open angle). Rayleigh scattering experiment is carried out to obtain the scaling relation between scattering signal SR and backing pressure P0. A method using the Coulomb explosion model is proposed to verify that the clusters continue to grow after their leaving the nozzle. Our experiments suggest a tentatively optimized position for laser cluster interaction.     

团簇在超强超短脉冲激光场中的演化

 利用低温脉冲气阀产生氘团簇束,在SILEX-Ⅰ激光装置上开展实验,研究氘团簇在超强超短脉冲激光场中的演化过程,获得了数十keV的高能氘离子,这些氘离子的能谱分布与库仑爆炸模型计算结果一致。实验结果表明,在一定的激光功率密度条件下,团簇的平均尺度决定了释放出高能离子的能谱分布。激光辐照团簇后,通过阈上电离部分电子逃逸团簇,随着初始电离电子屏蔽作用加强,碰撞电离变成了团簇的主要电离机制。     

飞秒强激光场中氢原子团簇的各向异性膨胀

利用LAMMPS程序研究了氢原子团簇在飞秒强激光场下的动力学行为, 讨论了引起小氢原子团簇各向异性膨胀的原因.通过对外电离过程中团簇内部电子的行为以及团簇各个方向上最外层质子距离团簇中心的距离随时间的变化情况的分析, 发现团簇的膨胀呈现各向异性,且引起这种各向异性的根源在于团簇内部电子的抖动以及逃逸.对氢原子团簇与强激光场相互作用过程中质子各能量分量以及各向异性程度随时间变化情况进行了研究,发现各向异性程度是随时间变化的, 这种各向异性程度首先随着激光电场的增强而增加,随后又逐渐减小,直到最后趋于某一大于1的稳定值.分析了激光脉冲结束后质子的平均能量与观测角之间的关系, 并将分析结果与Ditmire小组的实验结果进行了比较,发现我们的模拟结果在定性上与实验相符合.     

超强超短脉冲激光诱发大尺度氘团簇聚变

 利用低温脉冲气阀获得了平均含有3×103氘原子的氘团簇。在飞秒激光装置上实现了氘团簇聚变,每发中子产额为1×10³。中子产额对激光功率密度敏感,保持激光能量不变,随着激光焦斑的变大,DD聚变中子产额逐渐增加,最大值出现在激光焦斑为470 mm时;继续增大激光焦斑,没有观察到中子信号。实验结果还表明激光氘团簇聚变发生的区域主要是激光辐照的等离子体热区,此区域内邻近氘团簇库仑爆炸发射的高能氘离子碰撞引发聚变反应。     

High-order harmonic generation spectrum of an excited one-dimensional Coulomb atom in an intense laser field

Response of the wave packet of a one-dimensional Coulomb atom to an intense laser field is calculated using the symmetrized split operator fast Fourier method. The high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of the initial state separately being the ground and excited states is presented. When the hardness parameter \alpha in the soft Coulomb potential V(x)=-1/\sqrt{x^2+\alpha} is chosen to be small enough, the so-called hard Coulomb potential V(x)=-1/|x| can be obtained. It is well known that the hard one-dimensional Coulomb atom has an unstable ground state with an energy eigenvalue of $\sim0.5$ and it has no states corresponding to physical states in the true atoms, and has the first and second excited states being degenerate. The parity effects on the HHG can be seen from the first and second excited states of the hard one-dimensional Coulomb atom. The HHG spectra of the excited states from both the soft and hard Coulomb atom models are shown to have more complex structures and to be much stronger than the corresponding HHG spectrum of the ground state of the soft Coulomb model with $\alpha=2$ in the same laser field. Laser-induced non-resonant one-photon emission is also observed.     

氢团簇在飞秒强激光场中的动力学行为

利用分子动力学方法研究了氢团簇在飞秒强激光场中的动力学行为. 与库仑爆炸模型所预言的不同, 团簇的膨胀是各向异性的, 质子平均动能沿激光场极化方向上的分量要明显大于垂直于激光场极化方向上的分量. 讨论了团簇各向异性膨胀产生的原因, 分析了激光和团簇参数对各向异性程度的影响.     

Multiphoton and tunneling ionization of atoms in an intense laser field

We study the ionization probabilities of atoms by a short laser pulse with three different theoretical methods,i.e.,the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schro¨dinger equation(TDSE),the Perelomov-Popov-Terent’ev(PPT) theory,and the Ammosov-Delone-Krainov(ADK) theory.Our results show that laser intensity dependent ionization probabilities of several atoms(i.e.,H,He,and Ne) obtained from the PPT theory accord quite well with the TDSE results both in the multiphoton and tunneling ionization regimes,while the ADK results fit well to the TDSE data only in the tunneling ionization regime.Our calculations also show that laser intensity dependent ionization probabilities of a H atom at three different laser wavelengths of 600 nm,800 nm,and 1200 nm obtained from the PPT theory are also in good agreement with those from the TDSE,while the ADK theory fails to give the wavelength dependence of ionization probability.Only when the laser wavelength is long enough,will the results of ADK be close to those of TDSE.     

Statistical properties of the photoelectron energy spectrum generated by an intense laser pulse and a continuous X-ray

This study shows that the photoelectron energy spectrum generated by an intense laser pulse in the presence of a continuous X-ray has interesting and useful statistical properties. The total photoionization production is linearly propor- tional to the time duration of the laser pulse and the square of the beam size. The spectral double energy-integration is an intrinsic value of the laser-assisted X-ray photoionization, which linearly depends on the laser intensity and which quantita- tively reflects the strengths of the laser-field modulation and the quantum interference between photoelectrons. The spectral energy width also linearly depends on the laser intensity. These linear relationships suggest new methods for the in-situ measurement of laser intensity and pulse duration with high precision.