固体酸Fe2(SO4)3催化合成丙酸异戊酯

Solid acid ferric sulphate Fe2(SO4)3 was prepared and used for the study of the catalytic synthesis of iso-amyl propionate. The optimun reaction conditions were follows: the ratio of amount of substance n(iso-amylalcohol) : n(propionic acid) = 1.5, the reaction time 2h, the catalyst quantity 1.5g, and dewatering solvent toluene 10ml. The yield was 97.2% under the optimum reaction conditions. The catalyst being of high catalytic activity for the esterification reactions was prepared very easily and could be used repeatedly.     

锗钨酸催化合成水杨酸异戊酯

Isoamyl salicylate was synthesized by using germanotungtic acid as catalyst.The effects of the amaunt of catalyst,the molar ratio of salicycic acid of isoamy l alcohol,the reaction temperature and the reaction time on the yield of ester w ere studied.The optimum reaction conditions were 1.3∶100 (mass ratio) of cataly st to reactants,1∶2.5 (molar ratio) of acid to alcohol,135～153℃ being satisfa ctary reaction temperature and reaction time suitable being 3h.Under such condit ion,the yield of ester was up to 94%.Germanotungtic acid catalyst can be used re peatedly.     

A catalyst-free novel synthesis of diethyl carbonate from ethyl carbamate in supercritical ethanol

Diethyl carbonate has been synthesized via the alcoholysis of ethyl carbamate in supercritical ethanol under catalyst-free conditions.The influences of various parameters such as reaction temperature,reaction time,reaction pressure,ethanol/ethyl molar ratios and reaction loading volume on the yield of DEC were studied systematically.The experimental results indicated that the alcoholysis of ethyl carbamate was greatly improved in supercritical ethanol.The optimal reaction conditions were as follows：a reaction temperature of 573 K,a reaction time of 30 min,a reaction pressure of 13.2 MPa,an ethanol/ethyl carbamate molar ratio of 10 and a reactor loading volume of 285 μL respectively.The optimal yield of DEC was 22.9%.     

Synthesis of glycerin triacetate over molding zirconia-loaded sulfuric acid catalyst

Zirconia-loaded sulfuric acid (SO24- /ZrO2) catalysts were prepared by impregnation method, molded by punch tablet machine and characterized by X-ray diffraction. SO42- /ZrO2 catalyst was used to obtain glycerol triacetate (GTA) directly from glycerin. The effect of some factors, such as different temperatures of calcination and catalysts molded or not, on the reusable times of catalysts and the yield of GTA were investigated. The optimum reaction conditions were shown as follows: the reaction temperature was 403 K; the reaction time continued for 8 h; the amount of molded catalysts was 5 wt% of glycerin and the molar ratio of glycerin to acetic acid was 1 : 8. The yield of GTA was 97.93% under the optimum condition.     

Preparation of Highly Active Pt-K/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst for o-Phenylphenol Synthesis from o-Cyclohexenyl-cyclohexanone Dehydrogenation

0.5%Pt-K/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for the synthesis of o-phenylphenol（OPP） from o-cyclohexenyl-cyclohexanone （dimer） dehydrogenation were prepared by means of a two subsequent impregnation method. The effects of catalyst preparation parameters, such as K promoters, calcination, and reduction conditions, were investigated. The results showed that the addition of K2SO4 to Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst notably promoted the selectivity of OPP, and its optimum content was found to be 6% in mass fraction. The higher activity was obtained when Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was calcined in nitrogen atmosphere at 400--500 ℃ and then reduced at the same temperature for 3 h in hydrogen atmosphere. The conversion of the dimer and the selectivity of OPP were always above 99% and 90%, respectively, over 0.5%Pt-6% K2SO4/γ-Al2O3 catalyst during the pilot scale test of 8000 h.     

Study on the Synthesis of Phenylacetic Acid by Carbonylation of Benzyl Chloride under Normal Pressure

The influences of some factors on the yield of phenylacetic acid in the carbonylation of benzyl chloride were studied in this paper. These factors included the variety and content of catalyst, and that of solvent, way of material feeding, reaction temperature, sodium hydrate concentration, triphenylphosphine content, presence of surfactant, the ratio of organic phase volume to aqueous phase volume etc. The optimum reaction conditions were found to be: with a one-time pour of 0.15g Pd(PPh3)2Cl2, 0.24g PPh3, 75ml NaOH of 3.5mol/L, 20ml benzyl chloride and 55ml n-butyl alcohol, and the reaction was carried out at 50℃ for about 3 hours. The as-obtained yield of phenylacetic acid was as high as 97.6%. In addition, the influences of the presence of phenylacetic acid and air in the reaction system were also studied. The results showed that the presence of air in the system and the entrainment of phenylacetic acid in the circulating organic phase had great influence on the reaction rate, the stability and performance of catalyst and the yield of phenylacetic acid.     

Study on Ni/C catalysts for vapor phase carbonylation of ethanol

Activated carbon-supported Ni catalysts for vapor phase carbonylation of ethanol to propionic acid in the presence of ethyl iodide as promoter were investigated. Under optimum reaction conditions, the conversions of carbon monoxide and ethanol were measured to be 81.4% and 98.4%, respectively, while the selectivity for propionic acid was found to be 98.65%. The catalyst was stable within 48 h on stream. XRD and XPS methods were used to characterize the structures and surface properties of the fresh and tested catalysts. The characterization results indicated that aggregation of nickel particles and formation of nickel iodide on the catalyst surface should be responsible for the deactivation of the catalysts.     

Determination of lanthanum and cerium in cmsx-4 nickel-based superalloys by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometryEI北大核心CSCD

CMSX-4 is the second-generation nickel-based single crystal superalloy used widely in the world. The oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of CMSX-4 alloy can be improved by adding trace lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce) and other rare earth elements. A method for the simultaneous determination of La and Ce in CMSX-4 nickel-based superalloy by wet dissolution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was established. The sample was heated and dissolved under normal pressure by aqua regia and hydrofluoric acid, and the interference of fluorine ion was eliminated by using perchloric acid. The amount of dissolved acid and the digestion conditions were optimized. The limits of detection were 0.23 μg/g for La and 0.85 μg/g for Ce under optimized conditions. The spiked recoveries were 95.0%–98.9% with the relative standard deviations of 1.3%–3.9%, which can meet the requirements of accurate and rapid determination of La and Ce in CMSX-4 nickel-based superalloy. © 2023, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Experimental Conditions and Kinetics of Photodegradation of Methylene Blue over TiO2

The authors investigated the catalytic activity of TiO2 for methylene blue（MB） degradation under solar light.The reaction parameters such as reaction time,TiO2 content,temperature,pH,MB concentration and light irradiation were in attention.Then,the experimental data was analyzed to investigate the adsorption order and adsorption model.The results indicate that the optimum conditions for the removal of MB are a TiO2 content of 0.5 g/L,0.50 mg/L MB solution,a temperature of 30 ℃ and reaction time of 60 min.It was found that the amount of MB removal was decreased when the pH and temperature increased.This suggests that the removal process is exothermic.However,the solar light irradiation plays a vital role in enhancing the removal amount of MB.In the dark reaction,the ability of TiO2 to remove MB was increased when the pH increased.The kinetics studies confirm that the adsorption of MB is the Pseudo-second-order.And the adsorption model was fitted with the Freundlich isotherm.     

Al(HSO4)3/ silica gel as a novel catalytic system for the ring opening of epoxides with thiocyanate anion under solvent-free conditions

<正>For the first time,metal hydrogen sulfates and phosphates/silica gel have been studied as efficient and powerful solid acid catalysts in the ring opening of epoxides with thiocyanate anion.The most significant result was obtained by Al(HSO_4)_3/SiO_2 which afforded the corresponding β-hydroxy thiocyanates under mild reaction conditions and in very short reaction times.The cheapness, availability of the catalyst,ease of procedure and work-up make this method attractive for the organic synthesis.     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2对酯化反应的催化作用

1979年Hino等首先合成了SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2,SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2等新型固体超强酸,它们有特殊的催化性能,且具有不怕水,可在高温下使用、制备方便、减少三废等优点,因此有广泛的应用前景,引起国内外催化工作者的兴趣和重视. 我们仿照Hino法合成了SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2体超强酸催化剂,测定了酸强度和比表面.本研究着眼点是取代有严重腐蚀作用的浓H_2SO_4催化剂,选用两类酯化反应考察了SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2的催     

环境友好催化剂TiSiW_(12)O_(40j)/TiO_2的制备及其催化性能研究

制备了新型固载杂多酸盐TiSiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2环境友好催化剂，并以丁酸 丁酯的合成作为探针反应，系统考察了原料H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)·xH_2O与TiO_2摩 尔比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等制备条件对TiSiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2催化活性的影响 。实验表明：制备催化剂的适宜条件为原料H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)·xH_2O与TiO_2摩 尔比为0.47，焙烧温度为350 ℃，焙烧时间为3.0 h。利用该条件下制备的催化剂 TiSiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2合成了丁酸丁酯正丁醇与正丁醇的投料摩尔比n(醇):n(酸 ) = 1.3:1，催化剂的用量占反应物总投料质量的1.3%，反应时间为1 h，丁酸丁酯 的产率为97.2%。该催化剂TiSiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2用于制备其它丁酸酯类（如乙 酯、丙酯、戊酯、异戊酯）时同样取得了好的结果。     

镧对固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2/Al交联膨润土的改性研究

采用镧对固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2/铝交联膨润土(S042-/TiO2/Al-PILC)进行改性,制备了La—SO42-/TiO2/Al-PILC稀土超强酸,并采用XRD、低温N2吸附法及吡啶吸附红外等方法对其进行了结构、表面性能及酸性的表征。实验结果表明,镧引人SO42-/TiO2/Al-PILC超强酸,对TiO2锐钛矿晶相的形成没有影响,但对锐钛矿晶相向金红石相的转变有抑制作用,镧的引人使催化剂的酸强度及酸中心的数量有所增加,镧能有效地减少催化剂表面SO42-的流失量,从而提高催化剂的活性稳定性。     

焙烧温度对纳米级SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸性能的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸,考查了焙烧温度对酸强度、比表面积、红外光谱及其催化活性的影响.结果显示该催化剂在450℃焙烧3 h,可以形成纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸的结构.用该催化剂催化乙酸和丁醇酯化反应可使酯化率达到98.4%.     

SO2-4/ZrO2/Fe3O4/Al2O3磁性固体超强酸的制备与表征

用化学共沉淀法制备了一系列SO2-4/ZrO2/Fe3O4/Al2O3磁性固体超强酸, 利用XRD、IR、TG-DSC、VSM、TEM及HRTEM等手段对样品结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 引入一定量的Fe3O4和Al2O3有利于四方晶相ZrO2(t)结构的稳定；Fe3O4超细粒子的引入, 使固体超强酸具备了超顺磁性；HRTEM 结果显示ZrO2晶体生长趋向于ZrO2(t)的[101]方向,其(101)晶面间距为d(101)=0.29 nm, 与XRD 衍射结果一致. Hammett 指示剂测得样品SZA-20-200-800酸强度(H0<-13.8)最强, 酸性大于浓硫酸(H0=-11.9).     

制备条件对金红石型SO42-/TiO2微粒气相光催化活性的影响

以Ti(SO4)2酸溶液为前驱体．氢氧化钠作沉淀剂，采用沉淀法低温焙烧制备了SO4^2-掺杂的金红石型TiO2微粒．用光催化降解正庚烷为反应模型．结合BET、TG-DTA、IR、XRD等表征手段，探讨了制备条件对金红石型SO4^2-／TiO2微粒气相光催化活性的影响，并优化实验条件获得了光催化性能优良的金红石型SO4^2-／TiO2微粒．     

TiO2光催化消除H2S的研究

在TiO₂上进行了气相H₂S光催化氧化消除的研究.氧对H₂S的光催化氧化消除过程是不可缺少的,对含量为560mg/m³的H₂S,当加入的氧气与原料气中H₂S的分子比为42:1,空速为28000h^-1时,去除率达到97%.在H₂S光催化氧化消除过程中,单质硫的产生可使TiO₂失活,经光照再生单质硫转化为SO₄^2-后,TiO₂活性恢复,而且SO₄^2-的生成对催化剂的中毒有抑制作用.     

TiO2薄膜光催化还原Hg2+的研究

采用溶胶法制备出TiO2、SO42-/TiO2、CdS/TiO2薄膜光催化剂,研究了TiO2薄膜光催化还原Hg2+的最佳实验条件以及SO42-/TiO2、CdS/TiO2薄膜与TiO2薄膜、TiO2粉体与薄膜之间的光催化活性差异.结果表明:当pH=5.34时,经30 min紫外光照射,Hg2+的还原率达到最大;Hg2+初始浓度越高,光致还原量越低;光源波长越短,Hg2+的还原率越高;当甲醇添加量达到15%(体积比)时,反应30 min后,Hg2+的还原率即达100%;CdS改性薄膜的光催化活性高于未改性薄膜;CdS/TiO2薄膜的光催化活性略高于粉体.     

合成双酚AF的新方法

由六氟丙酮三水合物和苯胺,经缩合、重氮化、水解、Friedel-Crafts烷基化等4步反应在常压下合成了双酚 AF。首先,以五氧化二铌为催化剂,在 n (HFA•3H₂O) : n (aniline) : n (Nb₂O₅) = 2 : 1 : 0.1,回流 6 h 条件下,合成出中间体（Ⅰ）,收率高达96.3%。然后在重氮化温度为 ﹣2 ～ 2 ℃,硫酸质量分数为 14.7%,n (Ⅰ) : n (H₂SO₄) : n (NaNO₂) = 1 : 4.1 : 1.1,及水解时硫酸质量分数为 50%,n (H₂SO₄) : n (Ⅰ) = 11.0 : 1、108～112 ℃反应 1.5 ～ 2 h 的优化条件下,化合物Ⅰ经重氮化、水解后以 92.7%的高收率得到中间体 2-（4-羟基苯）六氟异丙醇（Ⅱ）;再在甲磺酸存在下,化合物Ⅱ与苯酚经Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应以 72.4% 的收率合成了目标产物双酚 AF（Ⅲ）,总收率为 64.6%（以苯胺为基准计算）。     

硫物种对负载型钯催化剂上氢吸附性质的影响

用X光光电子能谱(XPS)分析了负载型Pd/Al_2O_3催化剂上硫和钯的状态。以程序升温脱附-质谱(TPD-MS)方法研究了不同硫物种及不同气氛对催化剂氢吸附性质的影响。结果表明: 硫物种对氢吸附的影响按S_2~(2-)、S~(2-)、SO_4~(2-)的顺序减小, 且前两者的影响远比SO_4~(2-)的大。这与催化剂在H_2-O_2反应中的抗硫性评价结果一致。并用原子分子轨道理论对上述结果进行了讨论。