小檗碱与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的光谱研究

利用紫外光谱和荧光光谱研究了中药有效成分小檗碱与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用机制。利用荧光猝灭反应测得它们之间结合常数K=1.49×105L/mol,结合位点数n=9.77,依据F rster非辐射能量转移机制,测得供体 受体间结合距离R=3.09nm和能量转移效率E=0.443。认为小檗碱在BSA的位置阻断了酪氨酸残基与色氨酸残基之间的能量转移,导致BSA的荧光猝灭。     

基于时间分辨方法的LicT蛋白荧光动力学特性

使用时间分辨荧光方法,结合紫外吸收光谱和稳态荧光光谱技术,测量了LicT蛋白中色氨酸残基的荧光动力学特性,进而对LicT蛋白质激活前后的局部微环境和结构变化进行了研究。LicT蛋白质的激活态使得有关糖类利用的基因转录过程继续进行,促进机体新陈代谢。通过色氨酸残基的荧光发射和寿命的差异判断出激活型蛋白AC 141和野生型蛋白Q 22不同的结构性质和微环境差异。在此基础上,通过衰减相关光谱(DAS)和时间分辨发射光谱(TRES)阐释了两种蛋白色氨酸残基和溶剂的相互作用,说明了激活型AC 141的比野生型Q 22的结构更加紧密。此外,TRES还说明了蛋白中的色氨酸残基存在连续光谱弛豫过程。各向异性结果则对残基和整个蛋白的构象运动进行了阐述,说明了色氨酸残基在蛋白质体系内有独立的局部运动,且在激活型蛋白中该运动更加强烈。     

茉莉酸甲酯和超氧化物歧化酶相互作用的光谱法研究

通过荧光光谱法和紫外吸收光谱法研究了超氧化物歧化酶和茉莉酸甲酯之间的相互作用。经过荧光光谱法的研究表明,超氧化物歧化酶和茉莉酸甲酯的相互作用是一个静态猝灭的过程,它们之间是以氢键和范德华力结合的,同时得到超氧化物歧化酶和茉莉酸甲酯的结合位点数n,表观结合常数K和热力学参数ΔH,ΔG,ΔS。而根据非放射性能量转移的F rster理论和同步荧光光谱证明茉莉酸甲酯和超氧化物歧化酶的相互作用位点同时接近超氧化物歧化酶色氨酸(Trp)和酪氨酸(Tyr)残基。     

烟碱与人血清蛋白相互作用的光谱研究

在0.1 mol/L的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸体系中,采用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱研究了人血清蛋白与烟碱的相互作用.荧光滴定表明这种相互作用使HSA的内源荧光猝灭.通过猝灭常数、结合常数和结合位点数的计算,证明了这种猝灭为静态猝灭机制.尼古丁和HSA形成11稳定复合物;考察不同温度和酸度下的猝灭作用,进一步证实其静态猝灭行为和疏水作用机制.紫外吸收光谱和同步荧光光谱表明,相互作用引起HSA构象变化,而同步荧光光谱提示结合位点更接近于色氨酸.     

铱(IV)离子与人血丙种球蛋白的作用研究

在 0.1 mol?L-1醋酸-醋酸钠(pH 5.0)体系中, 采用紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱及同步荧光光谱法研究了人血丙种球蛋白(gamma seroglobulinum humanum, 简称 GSH)与铱(IV)离子的相互作用. 结果表明, Ir(IV)离子使人血丙种球蛋白的构象发生了改变, α-螺旋含量减少, 并且用同步荧光光谱发现 Ir(IV)离子与人血丙种球蛋白的作用位点更接近于色氨酸,从而使色氨酸残基的疏水性略有减小. 荧光光谱结果表明Ir(IV)对人血丙种球蛋白内源荧光(342 nm)产生了较强的荧光猝灭作用, 根据不同温度下 Ir(IV)对人血丙种球蛋白的荧光猝灭作用, 证明了这种荧光猝灭为静态猝灭机制, 计算了其结合常数和结合位点数, 从而得出了静电作用力为其主要的作用力.     

铱(IV)离子与人血丙种球蛋白的作用研究

在0.1 mol•L^－1醋酸-醋酸钠(pH 5.0)体系中, 采用紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱及同步荧光光谱法研究了人血丙种球蛋白(gamma seroglobulinum humanum, 简称GSH)与铱(IV)离子的相互作用. 结果表明, Ir(IV)离子使人血丙种球蛋白的构象发生了改变, α-螺旋含量减少, 并且用同步荧光光谱发现Ir(IV)离子与人血丙种球蛋白的作用位点更接近于色氨酸, 从而使色氨酸残基的疏水性略有减小. 荧光光谱结果表明Ir(IV)对人血丙种球蛋白内源荧光(342 nm)产生了较强的荧光猝灭作用, 根据不同温度下Ir(IV)对人血丙种球蛋白的荧光猝灭作用, 证明了这种荧光猝灭为静态猝灭机制, 计算了其结合常数和结合位点数, 从而得出了静电作用力为其主要的作用力.     

铜(Ⅱ)离子与神经红蛋白的相互作用

利用紫外可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、同步荧光光谱及圆二色(CD)光谱研究了铜髤离子与神经红蛋白(NGB)的相互作用。结果表明,Cu2+离子使NGB在280nm处的紫外吸收增强,说明Cu2+与NGB发生了相互作用;Cu2+使NGB内源性荧光发生猝灭,其猝灭机制为静态猝灭;同步荧光光谱表明,Cu2+使色氨酸微环境的疏水性有所降低,Cu2+对NGB的作用位点更接近于色氨酸;CD光谱显示Cu2+没有引起NGB二级结构明显的变化。     

CdTe量子点-罗丹明6G荧光共振能量转移体系的构建及其应用研究

采用巯基化合物修饰的CdTe量子点构建了量子点(供体)-罗丹明6G(受体)荧光共振能量转移体系, 研究了CdTe量子点与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用. 结果表明, CdTe量子点与BSA相互作用后提高了CdTe量子点-罗丹明6G 体系的荧光共振能量转移(FRET)效率, 减小了CdTe量子点和罗丹明6G分子间的距离(r), 证实BSA是通过其色氨酸(Trp)残基与CdTe量子点表面金属发生配位作用而直接结合到量子点表面的.     

烟碱与人血清蛋白相互作用的光谱研究

在0．1moL／L的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸体系中，采用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱研究了人血清蛋白与烟碱的相互作用。荧光滴定表明这种相互作用使HSA的内源荧光猝灭。通过猝灭常数、结合常数和结合位点数的计算，证明了这种猝灭为静态猝灭机制。尼古丁和HsA形成1：1稳定复合物；考察不同温度和酸度下的猝灭作用，进一步证实其静态猝灭行为和疏水作用机制。紫外吸收光谱和同步荧光光谱表明，相互作用引起HSA构象变化，而同步荧光光谱提示结合位点更接近于色氨酸。     

人肝中硒蛋白K相互作用蛋白的筛选与验证

以硒蛋白K(SelK)突变体为"诱饵", 采用酵母双杂交系统对人肝cDNA文库进行筛选, 得到一个与SelK相互作用的蛋白──环腺苷酸应答元件结合蛋白3(CREB3). 将SelK与CREB3共同转染酵母细胞, 验证了SelK与CREB3的相互作用; 并采用受体漂白、敏化发射和荧光寿命3种荧光共振能量转移方法进一步验证了二者间的相互作用, 发现其不受SelK中硒代半胱氨酸(Sec)的影响. 推测SelK可能通过其Sec之前的区域与CREB3发生作用, 参与CREB3介导的内质网相关降解过程, 影响相关癌症的转移和发展.     

β-NaYF4：Yb,Er纳米晶与四甲基异氰酸罗丹明染料分子间的发光共振能量转移研究

Yb^3＋和Er^3＋离子掺杂的NaYF4纳米晶在近红外光（980nm）激发下可产生中心位于539和655nm的上转换发光,其中位于539nm的发光与四甲基异氰酸罗丹明（tetrametrylrhodarnine isothiocyante,TRITC）染料分子的吸收光谱部分重叠.本文基于上述光谱重叠特性,构筑了以β-NaYF4：Yb,Er为能量给体、TRITC为能量受体的发光共振能量转移（LRET）体系.TRITC分子通过静电作用紧密吸附于纳米晶表面,其较近距离的相互作用利于提高LRET效率和体系的稳定性.在980nm近红外光激发下,LRET过程使NaYF4：Yb,Er位于539nm的上转换发光减弱,同时可观察到TRITC染料分子的发光.对发光寿命的研究也证实了β-NaYF4：Yb,Er到TRITC的能量传递.     

基于钙黄绿素－臧红T荧光共振能量转移检测六偏磷酸钠

在pH8．5的Tris－HCl缓冲溶液中,钙黄绿素作为能量供体（D）可以与藏红T受体（A）发生有效的荧光共振能量转移（FRET）,但加入六偏磷酸钠（SHMP）后,因其与受体发生静电作用破坏了该能量转移体系,使得荧光供体钙黄绿素荧光强度的增加（△FD）与受体藏红T荧光强度的降低（△FA）的比值（△FD／△R）-9SHMP浓度（csHMP）呈良好的线性关系．基于此,建立了一种检测六偏磷酸盐的新方法．在优化条件下,该方法的检测范围为3．0×10^-6-1．0×10^-5mol／L,对6．0×10拍mol／L的六偏磷酸盐连续平行测定11次,其相对标准偏差（RSD）为3．1％．该方法具有选择性好、操作简单和检测速度快等优点,已成功应用于饮料中六偏磷酸钠的分析检测．     

Energy Transfer Spectroscopy for Measuring Mitochondrial Metabolism in Living Cells

Abstract— Microscopic energy transfer spectroscopy was established using mixed solutions of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and the mitochondrial marker rhodamine 123 (R123). This method was applied to probe mitochondrial malfunction of cultivated endothelial cells from calf aorta incubated with various inhibitors of specific enzyme complexes of the respiratory chain. Autofluorescence of the coenzyme NADH as well as energy transfer efficacy from excited NADH molecules (energy donor) to R123 (energy acceptor) were measured by time-gated fluorescence spectroscopy. Because intermo-Iecular distances in the nanometer range are required for radiationless energy transfer, this method is suitable to probe selectively mitochondrial NADH. Autofluorescence of endothelial cells usually exhibited a weak increase after specific inhibition of enzyme complexes of the respiratory chain. In contrast, pronounced and statistically significant changes of energy transfer efficacy were observed after inhibition of the same enzyme complexes. Detection of NADH and R123 in different nanosecond time gates following the exciting laser pulses enhances the selectivity and improves quantification of fluorescence measurements. Therefore, time-gated energy transfer spectroscopy is suggested to be an appropriate tool for probing mitochondrial malfunction.     

Fluorescent studies on the binding-Ca2 + in fibrinolytic principle separated from snake venom

By using equilibrium dialysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, fluorescence titration and determination of fluorescence lifetime, it can be determined that each fibrinolytic principle (FP) molecule contains one Ca2+-binding site and one Ca2+ ion, which can be substituted by a Tb3+ ion completely. The intramolecular energy transfer between Tb3+ and the tryptophan (Trp) residue in FP has been investigated through fluorescence spectroscopy. In the FP molecule, the excited energy can transfer from the Trp residue as an energy donor to the Tb3+ ion substituted as an acceptor. The distance between Tb3+ and the Trp residue, approximately 0.38 nm, has been calculated with the experimental data and Forster theory.     

Design and characterization of two-dye and three-dye binary fluorescent probes for mRNA detection

We report the design, synthesis, and characterization of binary oligonucleotide probes for mRNA detection. The probes were designed to avoid common problems found in standard binary probes such as direct excitation of the acceptor fluorophore and overlap between the donor and acceptor emission spectra. Two different probes were constructed that contained an array of either two or three dyes and were characterized using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence depolarization measurements. The three-dye binary probe (BP-3d) consists of a Fam fluorophore which acts as a donor, collecting light and transferring it as energy to Tamra, which subsequently transfers energy to Cy5 when the two probes are hybridized to mRNA. This design allows the use of 488 nm excitation, which avoids the direct excitation of Cy5 and at the same time provides a good fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency. The two-dye binary probe system (BP-2d) was constructed with Alexa488 and Cy5 fluorophores. Although the overlap between the fluorescence of Alexa488 and the absorption of Cy5 is relatively low, FRET still occurs due to their close physical proximity when the probes are hybridized to mRNA. This framework also decreases the direct excitation of Cy5 and reduces the fluorescence overlap between the donor and the acceptor. Picosecond time-resolved spectroscopy showed a reduction in the fluorescence lifetime of donor fluorophores after the formation of the hybrid between the probes and target mRNA. Interestingly, BP-2d in the presence of mRNA shows a slow rise in the fluorescence decay of Cy5 due to a relatively slow FRET rate, which together with the reduction in the Alexa488 lifetime provides a way to improve the signal to background ratio using time-resolved fluorescence spectra (TRES). In addition, fluorescence depolarization measurements showed complete depolarization of the acceptor dyes (Cy5) for both BP-3d (due to sequential FRET steps) and BP-2d (due to the relatively low FRET rate) in the presence of the mRNA target.     

新型乳酸固定化酶荧光毛细生物传感器

对长45 mm、内径0.9 mm的医用毛细管进行γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷氨基化和戊二醛醛基化后,再将乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的氨基与戊二醛的醛基结合,使其固定在毛细管内壁,构成一种新型固定化酶乳酸荧光毛细生物传感器(IE-LFCBS),实现了对乳酸的微量、快速测定.IE-LFCBS吸入辅酶Ⅰ与乳酸的混合液,在固定化酶催化下使乳酸与辅酶Ⅰ反应,生成荧光物质还原型辅酶Ⅰ;激发波长353 nm、发射波长466 nm.适用于IE-LFCBS的优化条件为:辅酶Ⅰ浓度4 mmol/L、用于固定化的LDH浓度60 kU/L、反应时间15 min、反应温度38 ℃、测定范围为1.0～5.0 mmol/L、回收率95%～98%,IE-LFCBS的相对标准偏差为RSD<1.5%(n=11),检出限为0.45 mmol/L.IE-LFCBS的试液用量极少(18 μL),并能重复使用,可望用于发酵食品、药品、血液标本等各类样品中乳酸的快速检测.     

Multilayer Microcapsules for FRET Analysis and Two‐Photon‐Activated Photodynamic Therapy

Microcapsules obtained by layer‐by‐layer assembly provide a good platform for biological analysis owing to their component diversity, multiple binding sites, and controllable wall thickness. Herein, different assembly species were obtained from two‐photon dyes and traditional photosensitizers, and further assembled into microcapsules. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was shown to occur between the two‐photon dyes and photosensitizers. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with one‐ and two‐photon lasers, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy were used to analyze the FRET effects in the microcapsules. The FRET efficiency could easily be controlled through changing the assembly sequence. Furthermore, the capsules are phototoxic upon one‐ or two‐photon excitation. These materials are thus expected to be applicable in two‐photon‐activated photodynamic therapy for deep‐tissue treatment.     

Time-resolved Laser Spectroscopic Analysis of Multi-step Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer on Chromophore Array Constructed by Oligo-DNA Assembly

Specific sequential arrangements of three kinds of chromophores separated by regulated distances equaling approximately one pitch of the DNA duplex (34?Å) in non-covalent molecular assembly systems are constructed using chromophore/oligo-DNA conjugates. Vectorial photoenergy transmission along the DNA helix axis by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in a sequential chromophore array is observed and analyzed by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and lifetime measurements using a femtosecond pulse laser system. The results suggest a FRET occurs on a picosecond scale between the donor chromophore and the acceptor chromophore through a mediator chromophore via a multi-step FRET over the molecular assemblies (two helical pitches, 68?Å).     

Distance distributions of short polypeptides recovered by fluorescence resonance energy transfer in the 10 A domain

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between tryptophan (Trp) as donor and 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene (Dbo) as acceptor was studied by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The unique feature of this FRET pair is its exceptionally short F?rster radius (10 A), which allows one to recover distance distributions in very short structureless peptides. The technique was applied to Trp-(GlySer)n-Dbo-NH2 peptides with n = 0-10, for which the average probe/quencher distance ranged between 8.7 and 13.7 A experimentally (in propylene glycol, analysis according to wormlike chain model) and 8.6-10.2 A theoretically (for n = 0-6, GROMOS96 molecular dynamics simulations). The larger FRET efficiency in steady-state compared to time-resolved fluorescence experiments was attributed to a static quenching component, suggesting that a small but significant part (ca. 10%) of the conformations are already in van der Waals contact when excitation occurs.