Al轻掺杂对CaMnO_3晶态材料结构与电迁移性质的影响研究

通过电子平面波函数密度泛函理论的计算分析方法系统研究了Ca位Al轻掺杂钙钛矿结构CaMnO_3基晶态材料的晶体结构、电子结构和载流子迁移性质.结果表明,Al轻掺杂使得CaMnO_3基晶态材料的晶格参数增大,在b轴方向上增大程度最高,在c轴方向上增大程度最小.Ca位Al轻掺杂之后,CaMnO_3中的O—Mn—O八面体向2个O顶点方向拉长,八面体产生扭曲变形.Al轻掺杂前后的CaMnO_3基晶态材料均为间接带隙半导体,其带隙宽度分别是0.713和0.695 eV,Al掺杂属于电子型掺杂.经过Al掺杂之后CaMnO_3基晶态材料的导带有效质量大大提高.Al掺杂CaMnO_3基晶态材料费米能以下,p状态态密度最高,s状态态密度最低;在费米能以上,d状态态密度最高,s状态态密度最低.Al掺杂大大提高了CaMnO_3基晶态材料的载流子浓度.CaMnO_3中O—Mn—O八面体中底平面上的O原子电子对载流子迁移过程的贡献大于顶点处的O原子电子贡献程度.     

不同氧化态的离子掺杂对limn2o4电化学性能的影响

以CH3COOLi·2H2O、(CH3CO2)2Mn·4H2O、氧化物和柠檬酸为原料,采用流变相法经过2次灼烧后得到了不同氧化态离子掺杂的尖晶石化合物LiMn1.95M0.05O4(M:Li,Mg,Co,Ti,V)。通过X射线衍射测试技术对合成的产物物相进行表征,所得产物均具有纯相尖晶石结构。同时应用软件计算了其晶格常数,结果发现金属离子的掺杂不同程度地减少晶格大小。通过循环伏安法研究发现,在4V区域有2步可逆过程发生,对应于锂离子的脱嵌。掺杂的金属离子对于峰电位以及峰面积都有影响。Mn3 的含量越低,峰的面积越小。金属离子与氧的键能越大,峰电位越高。50次充放电循环测试表明,通过掺杂改性来改善尖晶石LiMn2O4的电化学性能时,在掺杂相同量阳离子的尖晶石化合物中,以选择氧化态为Co3 掺杂的化合物具有最佳的充放电容量和循环性能。     

Al掺杂尖晶石LiMn2O4正极材料的性能

尖晶石LiMn2O4作为锂离子电池正极可大电流放电,且成本低、环境友好.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备尖晶石LiMn2O4及Al掺杂材料.使用X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察材料结构与形貌.结果表明,复合材料颗粒尺寸300-500 nm,呈类球形.电化学恒流充放电测试表明,Al掺杂尖晶石LiMn2O4电极的循环性明显提高,Al掺杂5%LiMn2O4(by mass,下同)正极在1C倍率充放电100周期循环后的容量保持率为98.2%,1C倍率充电、5C倍率放电下,100周期循环后其容量保持率为99.0%,表现出较优的电化学循环性能.     

LiCoO2掺杂对锰酸锂结构和性能的影响

用固相反应合成了LiCoO2掺杂改性的LiMn2O4锂离子电池正极材料,优化了LiMn2O4的改性路径及制备条件.利用SEM、XRD对产物的结构进行了表征,并测试了产物的电化学性能.结果表明:所得产物均具有尖晶石型LiMn2O4结构.LiCoO2的掺入增加了尖晶石结构的稳定性,改善了尖晶石型LiMn2O4的充放电循环性能.     

简化的溶胶凝胶法合成LiMn2-xLaxO4及电性能研究

采用以水溶液作为反应介质的简化的溶胶凝胶法制备了LiMn2O4和稀土La掺杂的LiMn1.98La0.02O4粉体材料, 此方法工艺简单, 容易控制, 制备周期短. 利用XRD, SEM对材料粉体进行结构形态表征, 并以合成的材料为正极活性材料测试其充放电性能、循环伏安性能、 电化学阻抗谱性能. 实验结果表明: 材料LiMn2O4和LiMn1.98La0.02O4具有较好的尖晶石结构, 且颗粒分布均匀, 掺杂La的材料循环性能有较大改善. 以LiMn2O4为正极活性物质的扣式电池首次放电比容量129.38 mAh · g-1, 循环20次后容量保持在94%, 以LiMn1.98La0.02O4为正极活性物质的扣式电池首次放电比容量106.77 mAh · g-1, 循环20此后容量保持在96.2%.     

锂离子电池镍掺杂尖晶石LiMn2O4正极材料的电子结构

采用密度泛甬平面波赝势方法对LiMn2O4和LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的几何结构进行了优化,并计算了相应的电子结构.计算的结果表明:在Li 脱嵌前后,LiMn2O4和LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4均为导体,且锂元素主要以离子形式存在于两种材料中,O2p轨道与Mn(Ni)的3d轨道形成了较强的共价键.Li 嵌入导致Mn(Ni)3d轨道的态密度峰发生移动.Ni的掺杂导致Mn(Ni)和O2p轨道的成键作用得以加强,电子在Mn(Ni)3d轨道的填充发生变化,从而提高了电池的充放电电压.     

Al掺杂α-Fe2O3材料的制备、表征和气敏特性

采用均相沉淀法制备了纯α-Fe2O3(300 ℃煅烧)和Al掺杂α-Fe2O3(300和400 ℃煅烧), 使用SEM, XRD, ICP和红外光谱等手段进行表征, 并利用气敏仪测试无水乙醇和90＃汽油在不同条件下对材料的响应性能. 结果表明, 微量Al掺杂不改变α-Fe2O3材料的物相, 但会阻碍晶粒生长, 使颗粒变小及Fe2O3晶格间隙中的铁原子数目增多, 材料的导电率增大, 从而显著提高材料的气敏性能. Al掺杂α-Fe2O3对乙醇的响应性能优于对汽油的响应性能, 在乙醇气氛中, 材料对湿度仍然不敏感. 经400 ℃煅烧的Al掺杂α-Fe2O3稳定性较好, 可作为检测乙醇气体的半导体气敏材料.     

稀土元素掺杂对LiMn2O4正极材料改性的研究进展

尖晶石LiMn2O4作为高能锂离子二次电池的正极材料,其原料资源丰富、生产工艺简单、环境污染小、可回收利用,成为近年来人们研究的热点,被公认为最有潜力取代LiCoO2的正极材料之一.但是它的性能还不尽如人意,例如在循环及存放的过程中会出现容量衰减,高温情况下尤为严重.为了提高LiMn2O4正极材料的电化学性能,国内外研究者尝试了多种方法,例如元素掺杂、表面包覆、工艺改进等,其中掺杂金属元素已经被证明是最佳途径.结合作者所在实验室的工作,对稀土元素掺杂改变尖晶石LiMn2O4正极材料电化学性能的研究进行了综述.     

Al3+对尖晶石型LiMn2O4正极材料的表面掺杂包覆改性

采用表面掺杂包覆改性的方法对LiMn2O4尖晶石型锂离子电池正极材料进行改性.以Al为表面掺杂元素,Al(NO3)3为原料,研究了Al3+掺杂量为7.1%(原子分数)时不同温度(300、400、500、600、700、750、800℃)下的改性效果.研究发现,随着热处理温度的升高,改性样品的最大比容量先升高后降低,在700℃达到最大值;循环衰减先增大后降低再增大;这是由于随着热处理温度的升高,包覆层逐渐分解并与LiMn2O4颗粒反应固溶,在750℃完全固溶,衰减达到极小值,而后固溶层向颗粒内部扩散,导致包覆层对颗粒免受电解液溶解的保护能力变弱,因而容量衰减增大.其中700℃热处理5h的样品最大比容量为133.6mAh·g-1,循环50周衰减3.4%.研究表明Al3+表面掺杂包覆改性有利于促进LiMn2O4尖晶石型锂离子电池正极材料的商业化生产,具有大规模应用的前景.     

Al掺杂及Al_2O_3表面包覆改性尖晶石LiMn_2O_4的电化学性能

合成了含1.5（wt）%Al2O3表面包覆的LiMn2O4和不同摩尔量Al体相掺杂的LiAlxMn2-xO4（x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4）电极材料。利用XRD和FSEM对制备材料的物相和形貌进行表征。结果表明,表面包覆和体相掺杂没有改变尖晶石LiMn2O4的晶体结构,所有衍射峰都归属于Fd3m空间群,但其衍射峰...     

SUY的晶胞参数和骨架振动频率与其硅铝比间的关系

用SiCl₄(气)高温处理HY制得一系列USY(T),以USY(T)的晶胞常数α₀对其单位晶胞中铝原子的数目作图,发现c₀在24.45～24.55有一断落区间。由实验结果推导出两个以晶胞常数计算USY骨架硅铝比的公式。用400～1500cm^-1范围的红外光谱研究了USY的骨架变化。一些骨架振动特征频率与晶胞常数,单位晶胞中铝原子分数的相关图,也都出现断落区间。当晶胞常数小于24.41时,460cm^-1及1145cm^-1的两个峰发生劈裂。随晶胞常数的减少光谱峰变窄。     

Layered Double Hydroxides with Hydrotalcite—type Structure Containing Fe^3＋,Al^3＋ and Mg^2＋

IntroductionLayered double hydroxides( LDHs) with hy-drotalcite ( HT ) - type structure are composed oftrivalent and divalent metal ions and have the gen-eral formula[1] ,[M2 + 1-x M3 + x ( OH) 2 ]x+ An-x/ n· m H2 O,where M3 + is a trivalentmental ion,such as Al3 + ,Fe3 + ,La3 + ,Ni3 + ,Mn3 + etc.,M2 + is a divalentmetal ion,such as Mg2 + ,Zn2 + ,Ca2 + ,Cu2 + ,Co2 +etc.,An-is a charge compensating anion,such asOH-,Cl-,NO-3 ,CO2 -3 etc.,m is the number ofthe moles of co- intercalat…     

Synthesis of Monodisperse Al-Substituted Hematite Particles from Highly Condensed Metal Hydroxide Gels

Monodispersed aluminum-substituted hematite particles were synthesized from concentrated mixed solutions of FeCl(3) and AlCl(3) using the gel/sol process. With increasing aluminum content (Al/(Fe+Al)) in the starting solutions, hematite particles became more and more elongated. The product particles exhibited ellipsoidal, rod- and peanut-like shapes, depending on Al concentration. Higher Al content (>20 mol%) in the system greatly suppressed the formation of hematite. Atomic emission spectrometry analysis and lattice parameter measurement confirmed the substitution of Al in hematite particles. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

氮化镓发光二级管蓝光转换材料的合成和发光性质

合成了Ce3＋掺杂的稀土石榴石结构复合氧化物体系(Y1-xGdx)3Al5O12、(Y1-xLux)3Al5O12、(Y1-xLax)3Al5O12、(Y1-xYbx)3Al5O12和(Y1-xTbx)3Al5O12.重点研究了(Y1-xGdx)3Al5O12:Ce3＋和(Y1-xLux)3Al5O12:Ce3＋两个体系的晶体结构和发光性质.这些体系都具有立方石榴石结构.(Y1-xGdx)3Al5O12:Ce3＋体系随Gd取代Y,晶胞参数略有增加.荧光光谱的发射波长随Gd浓度增加发生红移,当x=0.5时发射波长达到最大值（560 nm）,并不再随Gd含量增加而变化. (Y1-xLux)3Al5O12:Ce3＋的晶胞参数随 Lu取代Y而减小,但均保持了立方石榴石结构.荧光光谱的发射波长随Lu3＋的增加向短波方向移动,Lu3Al5O12:Ce3＋的发射波长的峰值为520 nm,体系的蓝移量是20 nm.利用分离发光中心的位形坐标模型对波长的移动作了定性解释.这两个体系的发射波长的可调节特性,对改善与氮化镓发光二极管(LED)匹配的蓝光转换材料的色坐标、色温等显色性质具有重要意义.     

Synthesis, structure, and high-temperature thermoelectric properties of boron-doped Ba8Al14Si31 clathrate I phases

Single crystals of boron-doped Ba8Al14Si31 clathrate I phase were prepared using Al flux growth. The structure and elemental composition of the samples were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction; elemental analysis; and multinuclear (27)Al, (11)B, and (29)Si solid-state NMR. The samples' compositions of Ba8B0.17Al14Si31, Ba8B0.19Al15Si31, and Ba8B0.32Al14Si31 were consistent with the framework-deficient clathrate I structure Ba8Al(x)Si(42-3/4x)cube(4-1/4x) (x = 14, cube = lattice defect). Solid-state NMR provides further evidence for boron doped into the framework structure. Temperature-dependent resistivity indicates metallic behavior, and the negative Seebeck coefficient indicates that transport processes are dominated by electrons. Thermal conductivity is low, but not significantly lower than that observed in the undoped Ba8Al14Si31 prepared in the same manner.     

Al-Ni-Y三元共晶合金高压凝固组织

利用光学显微镜,扫描电镜,X射线衍射仪对不同压力(2,4,6 GPa)下凝固的Al-1Ni-3Y(%,原子分数)共晶合金组织形貌和相组成进行研究,并且与常压条件下合金凝固组织进行对比。实验结果表明,与常压凝固相比,在超高压力条件下凝固的合金的显微组织形貌发生了很大的改变,但是合金的相组成没有发生变化。常压凝固的合金具有共晶团组织,而高压下凝固的合金具有枝晶状亚共晶组织。高压凝固合金显微组织中出现了大量的初生α-Al相,这表明高压条件下凝固的合金共晶点发生偏移,使得常压共晶成分的合金在高压下变成亚共晶成分合金。同时,共晶组织的形貌发生了很大变化,常压下凝固的合金的组织为Al3Y相与α-Al相形成的菊花状的二元共晶和Al23Ni6Y4相与α-Al相形成的层片状的二元共晶,而高压下这两种共晶组织逐渐转化为离异共晶组织。随着压力的增大,共晶第二相的体积分数减小,α-Al的晶格常数增加。     

SiCw/6061 Al复合材料中界面相的研究

利用电子显微镜分析研究了ＳｉＣ２／６０６１Ａｌ复合材料的界面相。电子衍射分析表明，ＳｉＣｗ／６０６１Ａｌ面相 体心立方结构，点阵常数为１．２８ｎｍ用Ｘ－射线能谱仪测定了界面相的化学成分。     

Ab initio total energy calculations of copper nitride: the effect of lattice parameters and Cu content in the electronic properties

We have studied the structural and electronic properties of bulk copper nitride by performing first principles total energy calculations using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. In our study we have considered two types of cells: the ideal cubic anti-ReO₃ structure corresponding to Cu₃N, and a unit cell with an extra Cu atom at the center of the cube. In the first case, our calculated lattice parameter a=3.82 Å is in excellent agreement with the experimental value a=3.807 Å. The structure is semiconductor with a small indirect band-gap. The increasing of the lattice parameter results in larger band-gaps. An addition of an extra Cu atom at the center of the cell results in a slightly larger lattice parameter a=3.88 Å, and the structure becomes fully metallic. Our calculated value is similar to the experimental lattice parameter corresponding to a metallic copper nitride film.     

Determination of the cubic to hexagonal structure transition in the metastable system TiN-AlN

Structural transitions of metastable Ti_1–xAl_xN coatings on technically relevant substrates were determined as a function of the Ti/Al ratio. Ti_1–xAl_xN films with different Ti/Al ratios were deposited on high speed steel (HSS) substrates at substrate temperatures of 300?° and 500?°C by means of reactive magnetron sputtering ion plating (MSIP). A Ti/Al compound target was used as well as a cluster arrangement of one Ti and one Al target for comparison. The composition of the films was determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), the crystallographic structure by thin film X-ray diffraction (XRD). The analyses revealed that films deposited with Ti/Al ratios of 44/56 and 36/64 had grown in cubic NaCl structure, a film with a Ti/Al ratio of 32/68 was two-phase, and a Ti/Al ratio of 25/75 led to a hexagonal film in wurtzite structure. Only small differences of the lattice parameters could be observed in dependence of temperature: At 300?°C the lattice parameters of the cubic structure corresponded exactly to Vegard‘s law, whereas they slightly decreased in the films deposited at 500?°C. The application of a cluster arrangement instead of a compound target resulted in nearly the same lattice parameters and peak shapes.     

Structure Evolution and Electrochemical Performance of Al2O3-coated LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 During Charge-discharge Cycling

Several lithium-ion batteries of 18650-type were assembled with pristine or Al₂O₃-coated LiNi_0.4Co_0.2Mn_0.4O₂(NCM) as cathode material and mesocarbon microbeads(MCMB) as anode material. The cycling performance of the batteries was examined under 25℃ at a 2C rate within a potential range of 2.75-4.20 V. The changes of the crystal structure, the lattice parameter, the mean crystallite size, and the mean micro-strain of pristine NCM and Al₂O₃-coated NCM during the charge-discharge cycling were determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results indicate that the bulk structure of Al₂O₃-coated NCM is more stable than that of pristine NCM, which leads to the better cycling performance of Al₂O₃-coated NCM compared to that of pristine NCM.