Why does the intrinsic spin Hall effect in a Rashba two-dimensional electron gas disappear in the dc limit?

Based on a self-consistent semiclassical approach, in this Letter we try to contribute to the basic physical understanding of some controversial issues about the intrinsic spin Hall effect in a Rashba two-dimensional electron gas. We show that for a Rashba two-dimensional electron gas in the diffusive transport thermodynamic limit, there exist some simple but much clear physical reasons which explain naturally why the intrinsic spin Hall effect in such a system cannot survive in the dc limit. The physical pictures established in this Letter resolve some puzzles existed in some previous theoretical treatments about this extraordinary effect.     

Quantization of Co-Isotropic Subgroups

The purpose of this Letter is to show that the concept of co-isotropic subgroups of a Poisson–Lie group can be given a natural analogue in the context of quantum homogeneous spaces, explaining some of the special features of this theory. We will give examples related to some previously known and some new quantum homogeneous spaces of the two-dimensional Euclidean quantum groups.     

由爱因斯坦狭义相对论的基本原理导出洛仑兹变换的一种方法

本文从教学角度讨论了由狭义相对论的两条基本假设严格导出洛仑兹变换的问题，同时指出了某些流行的教材中处理这一内容时的不妥之处，并给出了解决方案．     

The swelling of nucleons in nuclei and the Roper resonance

Conditions where some swelling of the nucleon occurs, and, in particular the relation of this effect with the attractive character of the force acting on it, are studied. It is found that short range repulsive correlations can turn the swelling into a shrinking, in spite of a globally attractive interaction, whereas repulsive velocity dependent forces can lead to some swelling. The role of the Roper resonance in this nucleon change of size is considered in some detail.     

A review of parametric acoustic array in air

In this review paper, we examine some of the recent advances in the parametric acoustic array (PAA) since it was first applied in air in 1983 by Yoneyama. These advances include numerical modelling for nonlinear acoustics, theoretical analysis and experimentation, signal processing techniques, implementation issues, applications of the parametric acoustic array, and some safety concerns in using the PAA in air. We also give a glimpse on some of the new work on the PAA and its new applications. This review paper gives a tutorial overview on some of the foundation work in the PAA, and serves as a prelude to the recent works that are reported by different research groups in this special issue.     

Simulation of the spatial distribution of the acoustic pressure in sonochemical reactors with numerical methods: A review

Numerical methods for the calculation of the acoustic field inside sonoreactors have rapidly emerged in the last 15 years. This paper summarizes some of the most important works on this topic presented in the past, along with the diverse numerical works that have been published since then, reviewing the state of the art from a qualitative point of view. In this sense, we illustrate and discuss some of the models recently developed by the scientific community to deal with some of the complex events that take place in a sonochemical reactor such as the vibration of the reactor walls and the nonlinear phenomena inherent to the presence of ultrasonic cavitation. In addition, we point out some of the upcoming challenges that must be addressed in order to develop a reliable tool for the proper designing of efficient sonoreactors and the scale-up of sonochemical processes.     

On the Relationships Between the Moments of a POVM and the Generator of the von Neumann Algebra It Generates

In the present paper, we review some recent results about commutative positive operator valued measures (POVMs) and single out some open problems. We introduce a conjecture about the extension of some recent results and prove some important consequences of such conjecture. In particular, we prove that it implies the universal character of some of the mathematical objects we introduce, i.e., the fact that they do not depend on the POV measure we are considering. We analyze the relevance of this result. Finally, we point out that some of the results we present admit a constructive proof and we show the relevance of this fact to the theory of commutative POV measures.     

Construction of exact solutions to a family of wave equations by the functional variable method

The method developed in this work uses an alternative functional variable method to construct exact travelling solutions to a class of nonlinear wave equations. It is shown that it is possible to obtain by a direct treatment the general solutions to some important nonlinear model equations which arise in a wide variety of physical problems. We have also presented some interesting typical examples to illustrate the application of this method.     

Universal fractional Euler-Lagrange equation from a generalized fractional derivate operator

The purpose of this paper is to extend the fractional actionlike variational approach by introducing a generalized fractional derivative operator. The generalized fractional formalism introduced through this work includes some interesting features concerning the fractional Euler-Lagrange and Hamilton equations. Additional attractive features are explored in some details.     

Some Spin Glass Ideas Applied to the Clique Problem

In this paper we introduce a new algorithm to study some NP-complete problems. This algorithm is a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) inspired by the cavity method developed in the study of spin glass. We will focus on the maximum clique problem and we will compare this new algorithm with several standard algorithms on some DIMACS benchmark graphs and on random graphs. The performances of the new algorithm are quite surprising. Our effort in this paper is to be clear as well to those readers who are not in the field.     

Conditional Similarity Solutions of （2＋1）—Dimensional General nonintegrable KdV Equation

The real physics models are usually quite complex with some arbitrary parameters which will lead to the nonintegrability of the model.To find some exact solutions of a nonintegrable model with some arbitrary parameters is much more difficult than to find the solutions of a model with some special parameters.In this paper,we make a modification for the usual direct method to find some conditional similarity solutions of a (2 1)-dimensional general nonintegrable KdV equation.     

Multiple closed trajectories of a relativistic particle

In this paper we study in some particular cases, the existence and multiplicity of closed trajectories of a relativistic particle moving in some electromagnetic fields. To solve this problem, we use Hamiltonian systems and variational methods.     

THz-Time Domain Spectroscopy system for applications to radical detection

In this paper, we present some preliminary results on a new terahertz-Time Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) experiment. After a general introduction about the interest of the THz range, we particularly discuss some advantages of this technique for combustion applications and compare it with the classical linear and nonlinear optical techniques. The set-up developed in our laboratory is described and some results on NO displayed.     

李代数方法在分子振动光谱研究中的应用

通过对动力学对称性的介绍,引出构造分子体系Hamiltonian的方法,并介绍李代数方法处理分子"振动-振动耦合"、"振动-转动耦合"Hamiltonian的一般步骤.还以HCO分子体系为例,说明如何选取特定的群链来构造Hamiltonian,并论证了对于该体系群链的唯一性.最后还对一些李代数方法在分子光谱中的其他应用(例如局域模,多原子分子的振转光谱研究)作了初步的介绍,并对于这一方法的不足和局限性做了论述.     

质点的相对论式的汉密尔敦运动式与相对论式的哈生堡方程式

在本文中,作者推得一组相对论式的汉密尔敦运动式;并根据此运动式,详细地讨论了一质点之运动;由此还可以很自然地看出,在量子力学中,狄拉克电子方程式似乎是一个必然的波动方程式。在狄拉克理论中的取平方根步骤在这里找到它在古典物理学中的对照。同时根据了上面的理论,作者还推得到一个相对论式的哈生堡方程式,最后则讨论了此方程式在狄拉克电子理论中的一些应用;同时并指出,在相对论的观点上,此方程式可以引导出一些比较对称的及有比较普遍形式的物理的量。     

Scaling Analysis of an Image Encryption Scheme Based on Chaotic Dynamical Systems

Despite that many image encryption systems based on chaotic or hyperchaotic systems have been proposed to protect different kinds of information, it has been crucial to achieve as much security as possible in such systems. In this sense, we numerically implement a known image encryption system with some variants, making special emphasis when two operations are considered in the scrambling stage. The variants of such an encryption system are based on some hyperchaotic systems, which generated some substitution boxes and the keys of the system. With the aim to have a more complete evaluation, some internal stages of the image encryption scheme have been evaluated by using common statistical tests, and also the scaling behavior of the encrypted images has been calculated by means of a two-dimensional detrended fluctuation analysis (2D-DFA). Our results show that the image encryption systems that include two operations or transformations in the scrambling stage present a better performance than those encryption systems that consider just one operation. In fact, the 2D-DFA approach was more sensitive than some common statistical tests to determine more clearly the impact of multiple operations in the scrambling process, confirming that this scaling method can be used as a perceptual security metric, and it may contribute to having better image encryption systems.     

在随机时空变信道中检测信号和估计参量

水声信道的随机时变特性使得匹配滤波器的检测性能下降,参量估计误差增大。本文估计了这一影响,并给出了在这种情况下最佳时空处理器的结构和性能。讨论了实际实现的可能途径。本文修正了一些文章中关于部份相干信道的散射函数表达式的一些模糊概念。     

Atomic quantum diffusion,tunnelling states and some related phenomena in condensed systems

This article presents a review of some basic problems and results in the theory of atomic quantum diffusion, atomic tunnelling states and some related phenomena in condensed systems: crystals and amorphous materials.General concepts, including the defecton concept, are reviewed in the introduction. The first part of this paper considers the principal ideas, results and problems in the quantum diffusion theory for both underbarrier and overbarrier transitions of atomic particles in solids. Much attention is given to the fundamental role of the interactions between a weakly tunnelling particle and its environment, i.e. defects, other tunnelling particles and thermal fluctuations of atomic configurations.The second part of this review deals with the theory of atomic tunnelling states, their peculiar origin and low-temperature effects and, particularly, the origin and effects of the intrinsic atomic low-energy excitations in amorphous materials. The third part of this article discusses some related low-temperature phenomena. Some experimental data associated with the phenomena under consideration are presented. Finally, some actual problems of the theory are discussed in the Concluding Remarks.The review contains a discussion of results mainly coming to our attention by the summer of 1982.     

Zur numerischen Beschreibung rotationssymmetrischer wandstabilisierter Lichtbogenkonfigurationen

A method is outlined which gives a numerical describtion for some configurations of axially symmetrical constricted electric arcs. For this purpose the equations of single fluid model of plasma physics are decoupled in such a way that only the heat flux potential, the axial velocity, the radial velocity, the average axial pressure gradient, and the average axial electric field have to be calculated simultaneously considering a given set of boundary conditions. In this paper the method is applied to the Koppelmann arc. In addition the paper reports upon some experiences in applying this method to the computation of further arc configurations.