光谱法研究羟基葫芦[6]脲与甲基橙的分子识别作用

采用紫外和荧光光谱法研究羟基葫芦[6]脲(HOCB6)与甲基橙(MO)之间的包结作用,考察了溶液的pH值、常见有机溶剂和表面活性剂等对该包结物的形成及荧光强度的影响。实验结果表明,随着主体分子的加入,MO荧光增强且蓝移,说明客体被纳入主体分子的疏水性穴腔,形成内包结物。主客体分子之间主要通过疏水作用形成1∶1型的HOCB6-MO包结物,其包结常数为1.41×102 L·mol-1。同时采用葫芦[6]脲(CB6)、对-二甲氨甲基杯[8]芳烃和β-环糊精与MO的作用进行比较。研究发现,MO也能与葫芦[6]脲形成1∶1型的内包结物,但包结常数较小(34.65 L·mol-1);与β-环糊精形成1∶2型的内包结物,其包结常数为6.14×106 L2·mol-2;与对-二甲氨甲基杯[8]芳烃形成1∶1型的外包结物,导致荧光强烈猝灭,包结常数为1.35×104 L·mol-1。     

光谱法研究葫芦[6]脲与土霉素的分子识别作用

采用荧光光谱和紫外光谱研究葫芦[6]脲(CB[6])与土霉素(OTC)的分子识别作用。实验结果表明,随着主体分子的加入,OTC荧光强度和紫外吸收强度均增强,说明主客体之间发生了相互作用;进一步通过荧光光谱、紫外光谱和直线拟合法(Benesi-Hildebrand)确定了CB[6]与OTC形成1∶1型的包结物;在酸性环境下CB[6]与OTC能形成1∶1型的稳定的包结物,在碱性环境下不能形成稳定的包结物;同时计算了主客体在298,308和328 K下包结的平衡常数K_s和CB[6]与OTC的分子识别过程的熵变、焓变和吉布斯自由能变。不同温度下的吉布斯自由能变ΔG均小于0,而熵变和焓变为正值,其包结过程是疏水作用力驱动且自发的吸热的过程。     

光谱法研究葫芦[6]脲与土霉素的分子识别作用（英文）

采用荧光光谱和紫外光谱研究葫芦[6]脲(CB[6])与土霉素(OTC)的分子识别作用。实验结果表明,随着主体分子的加入,OTC荧光强度和紫外吸收强度均增强,说明主客体之间发生了相互作用;进一步通过荧光光谱、紫外光谱和直线拟合法(Benesi-Hildebrand)确定了CB[6]与OTC形成1∶1型的包结物;在酸性环境下CB[6]与OTC能形成1∶1型的稳定的包结物,在碱性环境下不能形成稳定的包结物;同时计算了主客体在298,308和328K下包结的平衡常数Ks和CB[6]与OTC的分子识别过程的熵变、焓变和吉布斯自由能变。不同温度下的吉布斯自由能变ΔG均小于0,而熵变和焓变为正值,其包结过程是疏水作用力驱动且自发的吸热的过程。     

光谱法和色谱法研究酰胺类除草剂与脲酶的结合作用

运用高效液相色谱法和荧光光谱法研究了四种酰胺类除草剂的热力学函数以及与脲酶的作用。研究表明,反相高效液相色谱流动相组成与酰胺类除草剂的容量因子成线性关系,并测定了乙草胺、丙草胺、丁草胺、异丙甲草胺的过量热力学焓变Δ*以及与脲酶的结合常数K和结合位点数n。分析表明过量热力学函数与结合常数K存在较好的相关性。     

血卟啉与左旋多巴相互作用的研究

文章采用荧光光谱法研究了卟啉类化合物血卟啉与左旋多巴之间的相互作用,研究发现： 在模拟人体生理条件下(pH 7.4),随着体系中血卟啉浓度的增大,左旋多巴的荧光强度逐渐猝灭,荧光发射峰发生轻微蓝移,并有等发射点出现,表明卟啉与左旋多巴发生了作用,且形成了新的配合物。根据Stern-Volmer方程,求得了不同温度时两者的结合常数、相关系数及热力学常数,实验结果表明血卟啉HP对左旋多巴荧光猝灭速率常数Kq值均大于2.0×1010 L·mol-1·s-1,证实了血卟啉与左旋多巴的结合反应为静态猝灭反应,且随着温度的升高,结合反应常数有不同程度的减小。在25 ℃时,ΔG＝-26.58 kJ·mol-1;ΔS＝138.7 J·K-1;ΔH=14.71 kJ·mol-1。     

等温节流过程积耗散最小化

对一类普适传质规律等温节流过程进行了研究, 应用最优控制理论导出了对应于过程质量积耗散最小时最优性条件, 然后基于普适优化结果导出了传质规律[g∝(Δ p)^m]和线性传质规律[g∝Δ(μ)] 等各种特例下的优化结果, 并与熵产生最小、压力之比为常数和压力之差为常数等各种传质策略下的结果进行了比较, 给出了[g∝(Δp)^1/2], [g∝Δ(p)]和[g∝Δ(μ)] 等各种特例下的数值算例. 本文的研究结果对于实际节流过程 和设备的最优设计与运行具有一定的理论指导意义. 关键词： 等温节流 质量积耗散 最优控制 有限时间热力学     

八元瓜环与吲哚乙酸及甲基紫精的超分子相互作用研究

利用紫外吸收光谱法、荧光光谱法、等温量热滴定法、氢核磁共振技术等研究了八元瓜环(Q[8])与富电子客体吲哚乙酸(IAA)及缺电子客体甲基紫精(MV2+)在水溶液中的超分子相互作用,探讨了主客体作用体系的作用机制,作用位点,作用模式及热力学等性质。紫外吸收光谱及荧光发射光谱研究结果表明Q[8]与IAA及Q[8]与MV2+在水溶液中均形成了包结计量比为1∶1的主客体配合物,等温量热滴定法研究结果显示Q[8]/IAA及Q[8]/MV2+体系的ΔH＜0,ΔG＜0,表明上述超分子体系是发进行且是放热反应。当在Q[8]/IAA二元体系中加入MV2+时,MV2+能与Q[8]/IAA体系在水溶液中形成1∶1∶1型三元主客体配合物,IAA的吲哚环及亚甲基部位受到了瓜环的屏蔽作用进入了Q[8]的空腔,MV2+吡啶环部位也进入Q[8]的空腔,也即IAA及MV2+均相互协同进入Q[8]空腔而与Q[8]形成了主客体配合物,原因可能是由于富电子客体IAA与缺电子客体MV2+之间的电荷相互转移诱导作用引起的。上述研究结果为瓜环在富电子客体及缺电子客体超分子自组装方面的应用提供了一定的理论依据。     

甘草酸单铵盐-牛血清白蛋白超分子体系的荧光光谱研究

对甘草酸单铵盐(MAG)-牛血清白蛋白(BSA)体系的荧光光谱进行了研究,采用同步荧光技术考察了甘草酸单铵盐对牛血清白蛋白构象的影响,认为甘草酸单铵盐(MAG)对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)体系荧光猝灭是由于生成了超分子复合物的静态猝灭,求得MAG-BSA的形成常数K_A及热力学函数ΔG,ΔH和ΔS,根据热力学函数确定了超分子间的作用力类型为静电作用力,依据Forster非辐射能量转移机制,确定了给体-受体间的结合距离和能量转移效率。     

荧光光谱法研究四苯基-锌金属卟啉与蛋白质的相互作用机理

利用荧光光度法研究了meso-四(4-羟基苯基)卟啉-锌金属卟啉(TPP-Zn)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间的结合反应。TPP-Zn对于BSA有荧光猝灭作用,基于TPP-Zn对BSA内源荧光的猝灭机理,测定了两者之间在不同温度下的结合常数,温度在27,35和42 ℃时,利用荧光猝灭法测得的结合常数K分别为1.521×106 L·mol-1,7.048×105 L·mol-1,1.473×105 L·mol-1,各温度下的最大扩散碰撞猝灭速率常数K_q均大于2.0×1010 L·mol-1·s-1,由此判定猝灭类型为静态猝灭。根据Frster非辐射能量转移理论,确定了TPP-Zn与BSA之间的能量转移效率E,能量给体(BSA)与受体(TPP-Zn)之间的结合距离r=3.72<7 nm,符合非辐射能量转移条件。依据热力学参数ΔG<0,ΔH<0和ΔS>0确定了TPP-Zn与BSA之间的作用力主要是静电引力。     

紫外分光光度法研究β-环糊精与甲基橙的包结行为

利用甲基橙(MO)的吸光度随β-环糊精(β-CD)浓度的增加呈规律性的减弱,而最大吸收波长不变的性质,考察了温度、甲醇浓度、离子强度对其包结平衡常数的影响,计算得到热力学常数并讨论了包结过程的驱动力及可能的包结物结构。结果显示,包结平衡常数随温度、甲醇浓度的升高而减小,随离子强度的升高而增大。热力学常数表明整个包结过程是焓、熵联合驱动的过程,其中疏水作用是主要驱动力。     

光谱法研究七、八元瓜环对亚甲基蓝的分子识别

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱法考察了七、八元瓜环(Q[7],Q[8])对客体亚甲基蓝染料(g)的分子识别作用.结果表明,Q[7]与g作用形成物质的量比为2:1的主客体配合物,Q[8]与g作用形成的是物质的量之比为1:2的主客体配合物.吸收光谱法测得的包结常数分别为KQ[7]-g=1.34×1012 L2·mol-2,KQ[8]-g=5.34×1012 L2·mol-2;荧光光谱法测得的KQ[7]-g=1.53×1012 L2·mol-2,KA[8]-g=6.11×1012 L2·mol-2,两种方法结果一致.随着Q[7或8]浓度的增加,瓜环对客体有明显的荧光增敏作用,而Q[8]对客体有明显的荧光猝灭作用.从Q[7]和Q[8]分别与客体作用体系的紫外-可见吸光度和荧光强度随pH值改变的变化规律可以看出,体系在pH在0.5～13范围内均能观察到主客体的相互作用,且作用比例不发生变化.     

Fluorescence Enhancement of Carbendazim Fungicide in Cucurbit[6]uril

The potential increase in fluorescence of a benzimidazole-type fungicide (carbendazim) due to complexation with cucurbit[6]uril is reported. The fluorescence of the probe carbendazim in aqueous Na₂SO₄ solution (pH=7.61) at room temperature is found to increase by a maximum factor of ∼10.0 and blue-shifted up to ∼11±1 nm with the increase in cucurbit[6]uril concentration up to ∼5 mM. This fluorescence enhancement is the result of formation of a 1:1 guest-host inclusion complex, in which the guest carbendazim is incorporated inside the hydrophobic cavity of the host curbit[6]uril through the amido-ester part. Such mode of inclusion is supported by NMR spectral measurements, in which upon encapsulation, the resonance of the methyl-protons of the amido-ester moiety is shifted significantly to upfield in the ¹H NMR spectrum. Also, to assess the formation of inclusion complex, solid samples prepared by co-evaporation have been studied, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Measurement of the enhancement as a function of cucurbit[6]uril concentrations yielded a value of the equilibrium constant (K _a ) of 271±10 M⁻¹ at 25°C. From the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants, ΔH and ΔS values have been negative in sign, indicating the dipole-dipole interactions and the steric factors associated with the formation of this inclusion complex. It might be proposed that the spectral changes due to the inclusion of carbendazim are the result of decrease in the polarity of the surrounded media rather than the loss of carbendazim rotational mobility.     

Cucurbit[7]uril Disrupts Aggregate Formation Between Rhodamine B Dyes Covalently Attached to Glass Substrates

Dye aggregation is detrimental to the performance of high optical density dye-doped photonic materials. To overcome this challenge, the ability of cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) as a molecular host to disrupt aggregate formation on glass substrates was examined. Rhodamine B was covalently attached to glass slides by initially coating the surface with azidohexylsiloxane followed by copper-catalyzed “click” triazole formation with rhodamine B propargyl ester. The absorption and emission spectra of rhodamine B coated slides in water indicated diverse heterogeneous properties as surface dye density varied. Fluorescence quenching due to dye aggregation was evident at high surface dye density. Addition of aqueous cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) to the surface-tethered dyes perturbed the spectra to reveal a considerable reduction in heterogeneity, which suggested that the presence of a surface in close proximity does not significantly impair CB7’s ability to complex with tethered rhodamine B.     

瓜环与喹啉及其衍生物的相互作用

利用荧光光谱分析方法考察六、七及八元瓜环与喹啉、异喹啉、7-甲基喹啉相互作用的结构特征以及光学特性。与核磁共振技术比较,荧光光谱分析方法具有高灵敏性的特点,不仅可观察到喹啉及其衍生物与七元瓜环相互作用而引起的荧光性质变化;还能观察到它们与六元瓜环或八元瓜环相互作用所产生的变化,这是通常的NMR方法所不能实现的。实验表明喹啉、异喹啉、7-甲基喹啉与六、七及八元瓜环有包结作用,形成多种不同包结比的稳定包结配合物。实验也证实,瓜环与客体之间相互作用受到3种效应的协同影响:(1)疏水性的笼体效应(瓜环以其特殊的疏水性笼状结构,可与多种有机物发生疏水性的笼体作用);(2)亲水性的端口效应(瓜环端口环绕的羰基氧通过离子-偶极相互作用来键合金属离子或有机分子的带电部分);(3)相互作用的客体分子或瓜环笼体空间大小,即尺寸效应。     

Taming fluorescence yield of dye insensitive to temperature by non-covalent complex with the host CB[7] for aqueous dye lasers

Quantum yield of fluorescence (QYF) of widely used Rhodamine (RhB) dye in ethanol and water was observed to decrease rapidly with increase in temperature of the dye solutions, which was correlated to enhanced torsional motion of its flexible diethylamino groups. This is harmful for its use in high-average power dye lasers, pumped by copper vapour laser (CVL) or diode-pumped solid-state green laser (DPSSGL), in which bulk temperature of the dye solution was found to increase due to the heat generated by circulation pumps and non-radiative decay processes of excited dye molecules. The QYF of RhB dye in water was found to be not sensitive to temperature in the practical operating region 16–25°C of dye laser by adopting supramolecular route to form an inclusion complex of RhB with the container molecule cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cis</Emphasis>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">trans</Emphasis> Fluorescent Recognition by Naphthalimide Dyes ⊂ CB [7] Assembly

A novel method to recognize cis/trans isomers was studied here. The naphthalimide dye as guest could bind with host cucurbit [7]uril (CB [7]) and 1:1 naphthalimide dye ? CB [7] assembly was formed. Moreover, this assembly was used as a fluorescent probe to recognized Fumaric acid (FA) and maleic acid (MA) via fluorescence titration. Two carboxyls in MA are in the same side, they could form stable interaction with the assembly and the fluorescence intensity decreased obviously when naphthalimide dye ? CB [7] was titrated by MA (nearly quenched in 1.5 equiv). But two carboxyls in FA are in opposite sides, the interaction between FA and the assembly was weak and not stable, and the fluorescence intensity changed inconspicuously when the assembly was titrated by FA.     

瓜环[n](n=7,8)与盐酸法舒地尔的相互作用研究

分别以NMR技术、电喷雾质谱、紫外光谱和红外光谱等分析方法考察了瓜环[n](n=7, 8)与盐酸法舒地尔的相互作用. 实验结果显示, 盐酸法舒地尔与两种瓜环都形成了1∶1的包结配合物, 但其主客体配合物的作用模式随着瓜环空腔大小的不同而各不相同. 通过紫外吸收光谱法计算出瓜环[n](n=7, 8)与盐酸法舒地尔的包结常数分别为2 524 L/mol, 1 216 L/mol, 其范围在200 L/mol~10 000 L/mol之内,这说明瓜环对盐酸法舒地尔具有潜在的药物缓释作用.     

Spectroscopy and laser characterization of synthesized supramolecular host cucurbit[7]uril using aqueous Rhodamine B dye

Recent demonstration in augmenting the efficiency of aqueous Rhodamine dye lasers using cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), a deaggregating and photostabilizing host, has drawn interest in the synthesis and characterization of spectroscopic grade CB[7] in larger quantities. Synthesis of cucurbituril group of macrocycles always leads to the formation of various homologues of CB[n]s (n=5–7) with CB[7] as the minor product. The literature procedure has been optimized to get pure CB[7] in 12–14% yield by fractional crystallization and the purity was checked by NMR, MS and spectrophotometric titration. Laser performances of the synthesized and commercial CB[7] sample as an additive were evaluated using Nd-YAG (532 nm) pumped Rhodamine B aqueous dye lasers and comparable results were obtained.