上海深紫外自由电子激光的非线性谐波辐射研究

 自由电子激光中的非线性谐波辐射能达到较高的谐波功率,可以用来得到短波长辐射或者降低第4代先进光源对电子束团品质的严厉要求。基于3维自由电子激光软件,深入详细地研究了上海深紫外自由电子激光装置的非线性谐波辐射,并且提出了谐波辐射实验和测量建议。研究表明上海深紫外自由电子激光装置3次非线性谐波辐射的功率可以达到基波功率的2%水平。     

Modelling nonlinearity in piezoceramic transducers: From equations to nonlinear equivalent circuits

Quadratic nonlinear equations of a piezoelectric element under the assumptions of 1D vibration and weak nonlinearity are derived by the perturbation theory. It is shown that the nonlinear response can be represented by controlled sources that are added to the classical hexapole used to model piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers. As a consequence, equivalent electrical circuits can be used to predict the nonlinear response of a transducer taking into account the acoustic loads on the rear and front faces. A generalisation of nonlinear equivalent electrical circuits to cases including passive layers and propagation media is then proposed. Experimental results, in terms of second harmonic generation, on a coupled resonator are compared to theoretical calculations from the proposed model.     

Heat generation by impulse ultrasound

An original method allowing to get a system of nonlinear evolution equations for the interacting modes applies to a problem of the heat generation by non-periodic ultrasound, including impulse one. The basic idea and final equations for the thermoviscous plane flow are presented. The limit of periodic source is traced. The numerical calculations were based on the pulse solution of the Burgers equation as an ultrasound source. Some illustrations on temporal behavior of the medium expansion caused by the pulse ultrasound are presented.     

New thermodynamics of entropy generation minimization with nonlinear thermal radiation and nanomaterials

This research addressed entropy generation for MHD stagnation point flow of viscous nanofluid over a stretching surface. Characteristics of heat transport are analyzed through nonlinear radiation and heat generation/absorption. Nanoliquid features for Brownian moment and thermophoresis have been considered. Fluid in the presence of constant applied inclined magnetic field is considered. Flow problem is mathematically modeled and governing expressions are changed into nonlinear ordinary ones by utilizing appropriate transformations. The effects of pertinent variables on velocity, nanoparticle concentration and temperature are discussed graphically. Furthermore Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects on entropy generation and Bejan number have been examined. Total entropy generation is inspected through various flow variables. Consideration is mainly given to the convergence process. Velocity, temperature and mass gradients at the surface of sheet are calculated numerically.     

Electric field effect on the second-order nonlinear optical properties in semiparabolic quantum wells

Electric field effect on the second-order nonlinear optical properties in semiparabolic quantum wells are studied theoretically. Both the second-harmonic generation susceptibility and nonlinear optical rectification depend dramatically on the direction and the strength of the electric field. Numerical results show that both the second-harmonic generation susceptibility and nonlinear optical rectification are always weakened as the electric field increases where the direction of the electric field is along the growth direction of the quantum wells, which is in contrast to the conventional case. However, the second-harmonic generation susceptibility is weakened, but the nonlinear optical rectification is strengthened as the electric field increases where the direction of the electric field is against the growth direction of the quantum wells. Also it is the blue (or red) shift of the resonance that is induced by increasing of the electric field when the direction of the electric field is along (or against) the growth direction of the quantum wells. Finally, the resonant peak and its corresponding to the resonant energy are also taken into account.     

Directivity pattern of parametrically generated acoustic waves

Summary The generation of down-converted frequency waves in the nonlinear propagation of acoustic waves is examined, in order to investigate the effects produced by the finiteness of the medium or of the media of interaction. Oscillations of the directivity patternsvs. the width of the media of interaction are set in evidence and related to resonance conditions of the medium cavity. To speed up publication, the authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.     

An investigation of dark soliton behaviors within the nonlinear micro and nano ring resonators

We firstly propose the interesting results of a dark soliton pulse propagating within the nonlinear micro and nano waveguides. The system consists of nonlinear micro and nano ring resonators, whereas the dark soliton is input into the system and traveling within the waveguide. A continuous dark soliton pulse is chopped to be the smaller pulses by the nonlinear effects known as chaos. The nonlinear behaviors such as chaos, bistability and bifurcation are analyzed and discussed. The power amplification is the property that can be used to perform the long distance link, where the security is the dominant reason.     

不同溶剂中硝基苯胺分子非线性光学性质的研究

在含时密度泛函理论水平上研究了溶剂对硝基苯胺分子非线性光学性质的影响 .溶剂效应通过极化连续模型来研究 .首先采用极化连续模型在密度泛函理论水平上优化了硝基苯胺分子在溶剂中的几何结构 ,从而研究了溶剂引起硝基苯胺分子几何结构的变化 .然后采用极化连续模型在含时密度泛函理论水平上计算了不同溶剂中硝基苯胺分子的激发态能量和电偶极矩 ,并利用两态模型首次给出了不同溶剂中二次谐波振荡过程的一阶非线性超极化率的色散关系 .计算结果表明 ,极性溶剂对硝基苯胺分子的非线性光学性质有较大的影响 .在低的辐射场频率下 ,理论给出的一阶非线性超极化率的色散关系和实验结果符合得较好 .最后对所得结果从理论上给出了可能的解释并讨论了两态模型的可靠性 .     

Parameters for efficient growth of second harmonic field in nonlinear photonic crystals

The ultrashort pulse propagation and nonlinear second harmonic generation under the undepleted pump approximation in a quadratic nonlinear photonic crystal (NPC) structure is theoretically investigated and the optimized parameters for high second harmonic generation conversion efficiency are extracted. The transfer matrix method is used for the numerical formulation for oblique angle of incidence. A unique set of material combination GaInP/InAlP is selected as alternating nonlinear and linear layers. The NPC parameters like incident angle and layer thickness are manipulated to obtain the exact phase matching using double resonance condition for a fixed number of layers with known experimental material parameters.     

Numerical simulation of ultrasound-thermotherapy combining nonlinear wave propagation with broadband soft-tissue absorption

Ultrasound (US) thermotherapy is used to treat tumours, located deep in human tissue, by heat. It features by the application of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), high local temperatures of about 90 degrees C and short treating time of a few seconds. Dosage of the therapy remains a problem. To get it under control, one has to know the heat source, i.e. the amount of absorbed US power, which shows nonlinear influences. Therefore, accurate simulations are essential. In this paper, an improved simulation model is introduced which enables accurate investigations of US thermotherapy. It combines nonlinear US propagation effects, which lead to generation of higher harmonics, with a broadband frequency-power law absorption typical for soft tissue. Only the combination of both provides a reliable calculation of the generated heat. Simulations show the influence of nonlinearities and broadband damping for different source signals on the absorbed US power density distribution.     

回热器的热声直流模型及其应用研究

由基本的守恒方程出发 ,获得了能描述回热器存在声直流时的非线性动力学模型及由此而导致的非线性时均热力学效应。根据所得到的模型 ,考察了声直流对临界声功产生率温度梯度、回热器温度分布及其性能的影响     

Nonlinear frequency mixing in a resonant cavity: Numerical simulations in a bubbly liquid

The study of nonlinear frequency mixing for acoustic standing waves in a resonator cavity is presented. Two high frequencies are mixed in a highly nonlinear bubbly liquid filled cavity that is resonant at the difference frequency. The analysis is carried out through numerical experiments, and both linear and nonlinear regimes are compared. The results show highly efficient generation of the difference frequency at high excitation amplitude. The large acoustic nonlinearity of the bubbly liquid that is responsible for the strong difference-frequency resonance also induces significant enhancement of the parametric frequency mixing effect to generate second harmonic of the difference frequency.     

Multiple pulses with broadband spectrum generation in passively mode-locked fiber ring laser incorporating a highly nonlinear fiber

Multiple pulses with broadband spectrum generation are experimentally obtained in passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring lasers based on nonlinear polarization rotation, which is achieved by incorporating a length of highly nonlinear dispersion-shifted fiber in the laser cavity. The temporal and spectral dynamic behaviors of multipulse bunching states are demonstrated. The maximum spectral width and flatness are attained when the continuous-wave component is suppressed under appropriate polarization states and pump powers.     

Nonlinear optical properties of a Woods–Saxon quantum dot under an electric field

A theoretical study of the effect of the confining potential on the nonlinear optical properties of two dimensional quantum dots is performed. A three-parameter Woods–Saxon potential is used within the density matrix formalism. The control of confinement by three parameters and an applied electric field gives one quite an advantage in studying their effects on the nonlinear properties. The coefficients investigated include the optical rectification, second and third-harmonic generation and the change in the refractive index. Their dependence on the electric field values, dot size and the energy of the incoming photons is studied extensively.It is shown that the Woods–Saxon potential can be used to model the confinement in quantum dots with considerable success.     

Nonlinear optical rectification and the second and third harmonic generation in Pöschl–Teller quantum well under the intense laser field

In this work, the effect of a non-resonant intense laser field on the optical rectification and second and third harmonic generation in a Pöschl–Teller quantum well is theoretically investigated. In this regard, the coefficients of nonlinear optical rectification and second and third harmonic generation are obtained by using the compact-density matrix approach and an iterative method. Different values of the asymmetry parameters of the Pöschl–Teller potential as well as intense laser field strength have been considered. Numerical results presented for a typical GaAs quantum wells show that higher-order optical effects are considerably sensitive to intense laser field and can be adjusted by a correct choice of asymmetry parameters of the potential.     

Numerical simulations of stable cavitation bubble generation and primary Bjerknes forces in a three-dimensional nonlinear phased array focused ultrasound field

We present a model developed for studying the generation of stable cavitation bubbles and their motion in a three-dimensional volume of liquid with axial symmetry under the effect of finite-amplitude phased array focused ultrasound. The density of bubbles per unit volume is determined by a nonlinear law which is a threshold-dependent function of the negative acoustic pressure reached in the liquid, in which nuclei are initially distributed. The nonlinear mutual interaction of ultrasound and bubble oscillations is modeled by a nonlinear coupled differential system formed by the wave and a Rayleigh-Plesset equations, for which both the pressure and the bubble oscillation variables are unknown. The system, which accounts for nonlinearity, dispersion, and attenuation due to the bubbles, is solved by numerical approximations. The nonlinear acoustic pressure field is then used to evaluate the primary Bjerknes force field and to predict the subsequent motion of bubbles. In order to illustrate the procedure, a medium-high and a low ultrasonic frequency configurations are assumed. Simulation results show where bubbles are generated, the nonlinear effects they have on ultrasound, and where they are relocated. Despite many physical restrictions and thanks to its particularities (two nonlinear coupled fields, bubble generation, bubble motion), the numerical model used in this work gives results that show qualitative coherence with data observed experimentally in the framework of stable cavitation and suggest their usefulness in some application contexts.     

Classical theory of sum-frequency generation by coherent nonlinear optical mixing of coherent and chaotic radiations I. Short-parameter solution

The nonlinear optical sum-frequency generation and the second harmonic generation with coherent and chaotic input radiations are treated in this paper. The short-time (-length) approximation method including the small parameter up to the eighth order is used. Effects of spectral widths of radiations as well as dispersion effects are neglected. Mean photon numbers, intermodal correlations and autocorrelations are calculated in the course of the nonlinear process. The obtained results are discussed from the point of view of the effect of intermodal correlations on nonlinear optical processes.The author would like to thank Dr. M. Krková from the Computer Centre of Palacký University for performing the numerical calculations.     

A novel quasi-phase-matching frequency doubling technique

A new quasi-phase-matching technique for efficient second-harmonic generation is reported. It is based on the spatial periodic modulation of the light intensity along the propagation direction, rather than the conventional spatial periodic modulation of the nonlinear optical coefficients. It can be realized by using a novel dual-channel waveguide frequency doubler structure for the desired light intensity distribution. This dual-channel waveguide device has major advantages including very small beam size, high light intensity within long nonlinear-waveguide interaction length, highly efficient second-harmonic generation, ease in fabrication of the nonlinear channel waveguides without any spatially periodic poling, and low waveguide propagation losses. The new quasi-phase-matching technique can also be applied to third-harmonic generation and other nonlinear optics processes.     

三方晶系的非线性磁光克尔谱及其表面磁化强度取向的效应

本文计算了三方结构不同表面和不同磁化强度取向下的χ⁽²⁾、SHG、MSHG及非线性克尔旋转角Φ_k,a⁽²⁾.结果表明,SHG和Φ_k,a⁽²⁾值非常灵敏地依赖于薄膜的表面及磁化强度的取向;三方结构的SHG、Φ_k,a⁽²⁾与fcc、bcc和hcp结构的相比有很大的差异,这表明结构对非线性磁光效应有重要的影响;当M//X、Y轴时,MSHG信号很明显,这表明可通过A值的测量来研究磁性薄膜表面的磁畴结构以及取向.     

Perception of Nonlinear Distortion in Music Signals Reproduced by Microspeakers

A lot of work has focused on compensating nonlinear distortions of the microspeaker under large excitation, yet it is unclear at which level the effect of nonlinear distortion is imperceptible or not annoying. In this study virtual listening tests were performed to evaluate the deterioration of sound quality in music signals with different levels of nonlinear distortion by a microspeaker. Binaural recordings of the music played by the microspeaker were made at different voltage levels, adjusted to the same RMS power, and afterwards reproduced by a low distortion reference headphone. The “double-blind triple-stimulus with hidden reference” method was used in the listening tests. Listeners were required to not only discern the distortion, but also rank the severity of the distortion. The effects of several factors including subject, program material and distortion level on the perceived distortion are discussed.