钼酸铵溶液配制方法的探讨

钼酸铵试剂非常广泛地应用在化工及分析化学方面,而在以钼蓝比色法测定磷时,应用尤为普遍。但是,钼酸铵溶液的配制方法却极不相同。大体有以下四种: 1.配制钼酸铵水溶液,占23％: 2.分别配制钼酸铵水溶液和酸(硫酸或盐酸)溶液,在搅拌下,将前者注入后者,占41％;     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定航空铜合金中微量铅

用硝酸和氢氟酸溶解铜合金，用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接进行测定。为了消除基体元素及其他共存元素的干扰采用标准加入法进行测定，并对最佳的测量酸度进行讨论。方法用于航空铜舍金中铅的测定，加标回收率为90．5%-113．0％，基本消除干扰，方法简单、快速。     

ICP—AES光谱测量高纯镧氧化物中非稀土杂质

报道了用HPLC与ICP－AES联用测定高纯氧化镧中痕量非稀土杂质的新方法。应用P507树脂柱作固定相和稀硝酸作流动相，研究了基体（La)和非稀土杂质的色谱保留行为。发现使用pH1.7的硝酸可以有效地从HPLC柱上淋洗非稀土杂质。实验结果表明，可以在15min内实现基体与待测元素之间的有效分离。本法已应用于高纯La2O3中8个非稀土杂质的定量测定，其回收率在90％－110％之间。     

碳素铬铁中磷含量测定

磷是铬铁中重要杂质元素之一 ,其含量高低将直接影响其使用要求。铬铁中磷的测定方法有磷钒钼黄法 ,氟化钠 -氯化亚锡法 ,有机试剂萃取 -钼蓝光度法。本文采用铋盐抗坏血酸钼蓝法 ,不必分离干扰元素 ,操作简便、快速 ,灵敏度高 ,结果满意。1　试验部分1 .1　主要仪器与试剂72 1分光光度计钼酸铵 -硝酸铋混合液 :适当水中加浓硫酸30 ml,50 g.L- 1 钼酸铵 1 0 0 ml,硝酸铋 1 g,稀至 1 L。抗坏血酸 :1 0 g·L- 1 ,用时配制。1 .2　试验方法称取碳素铬铁标准样品 0 .2 0 0 0 g,于 50 ml镍坩埚 (或瓷坩埚中 ) ,加过氧化钠 2 g,搅匀 ,再盖过氧化…     

钒—钼酸铵比色法测定食品中总磷

食品中的磷具有营养学意义.常用的定量方法有钼蓝比色法和重量法,钼蓝比色法测定食品中的总磷,酸度对测定结果的影响比较大,方法的重现性差;重量法仅适用于磷的含量较高的食品.本文参照文献,用钒-钼酸铵比色法测定食品中总磷,试液酸度对吸光度几乎没有影响,磷含量在0.5～10mg·L~(-1)范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9998,相对标准偏差<3%,加标回收率在97.6%～103.7%之间.     

三正辛基氧膦萃取色谱分离高纯氧化钪中十五个稀土杂质的ICP-AES测定

本文首次提出用三正辛基氧膦为固定相,反相萃取柱色层法将十五个稀土杂质与基体钪分离,然后用ICP发射光谱法测定高纯氧化钪中十五个稀土杂质的方法。本法具有使用酸度低,分离完全、迅速,基体负载量较大,ICP光谱测定灵敏度高等优点。通过试样分析与加入实验各八次的测定结果表明,试样分析和加入实验的RSD分别为5-15.4％和0.63-6.3％,平均回收率在99-112％之间。试样含0.00095％的稀土杂质,钪纯度相当于99.999％,则可分离分析。若相应增加柱径以提高基体的负载量及柱效,分析纯度更高的试样应当是可以达到的。     

ICP-MS法测定氯化稀土、碳酸轻稀土中铅、锌、镍、锰、钍、铝

建立了用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪直接测定氯化稀土、碳酸轻稀土中的杂质(铅、锌、镍、锰、钍、铝)元素的新方法。对测定中试液酸度、质谱干扰和基体效应进行了详细考查。采用加入In内标元素,有效地补偿稀土基体产生的抑制效应,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤2.5%,标准加入回收率在98%～103%之间。     

钯的催化分光光度测定

我们研究了用钯离子对次磷酸二氢钠与钼酸铵反应生成钼蓝的催化诱导作用。得出测定的适宜条件为:体系酸度为0.02N;按先加入Pd~(2+)、盐酸、次磷酸二氢钠,最后加入钼酸铵的顺序;实验温度保持在24°±1.5℃。灵敏度为0.05微克/毫升。分析方法在24℃的恒温下,于25毫升容量瓶中,按顺序加入0.1N盐酸溶液和0.1N盐酸的PdCl_2溶液(每毫升含0.554微克/毫升),合计为5毫升;然后加入20％的次磷酸二氢钠溶液10毫升,摇匀;最后迅速加入4％钼酸铵10毫升,摇匀(在加入钼酸铵后用停表记     

基准试剂BaCl2纯度的测定

采用EDTA络合滴定法对BaCl2基准试剂的纯度进行测定.在滴定过程中加入EDTA-Mg,通过置换反应,以EDTA滴定Mg2 指示滴定终点,用ICP-MS法对该试剂中主要杂质如Fe、Eu、Yb、Lu等元素进行测定.EDTA络合滴定法结果与ICP-MS、GDMS杂质扣除法测定结果基本一致.该方法操作简单、快速,滴定时变色灵敏,测定结果精确度高.     

高频燃烧红外吸收法测定钼酸铵中硫

硫在钼酸铵中以硫酸盐形式存在 ,目前暂无国家标准测定方法 ,而采用一般分析方法均难以测定 ,因钼酸铵既带有 4个结晶水又含有铵根离子 ,直接用红外吸收法测定 ,因结晶水分解后吸收ＳＯ2 ,结果偏低。钼酸铵中的硫含量过低 ,重量法、电导法不能测定 ,也不能用碘量法分析 ,因燃烧生成的氧化物使淀粉指示剂变蓝。燃烧后放出的氨气使吸收液呈碱性 ,同样不能用酸碱滴定法测定。而比色法只能检测钼酸铵中的ＳＯ2 - 3。将钼酸铵预处理 ,采用手动重量辅入法 ,用碳硫仪ＣＳ 4 44加以检测 ,效果好 ,回收率高。1　试验部分1.1　仪器与试剂ＣＳ 4 44红外…     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.