Adsorption/Thermal Desorption with Tenax-GC for the Collection and Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Chlorinated Compounds

A system for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and chlorinated compounds in air by means of adsorption/thermal desorption(ATD) with small bed volume (0.1 g) Tenax cartridges, followed by cryogenic trap in a U-shaped stainless steel tube with liquid nitrogen as an appropriate concentration method prior to capillary gas chromatography is described. Recoveries were determined for the complete ATD method. Desorption recoveries near 100% were found for a variety of chlorinated compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

TENAX/吸附浓缩/热脱附/气相色谱法监测装药车间空气中的TDI

用Tenax/吸附浓缩/气相色谱法分析大气中的TDI,得到了一个Tenax适宜的吸附流量(0.5L/min)和热脱附温度(280℃);每克Tenax吸附TDI的最小量为0.41g;每克Tenax吸附TDI的最大量为474g,方法的标准偏差为0.383%;变异系数为3.01%;回收率为98.2%.     

热解吸-气相色谱法测定植物源挥发性有机物

以Tenax-TA、Carboxen 1000和Carbosieve SⅢ为采样管填充料,将植物源挥发性有机物吸附于采样管内,样品通过二次热解吸仪解吸后,随载气进入气相色谱仪,采用氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)测定,建立了利用二次热解吸仪与气相色谱联用技术测定植物挥发性有机物的分析方法。载气N2流速为30 mL/min,60℃下吹扫吸附管2 min,然后在250℃下解吸吸附管5 min,冷却1 min后,在275℃下解吸聚焦管3 min,样品经传输线进入气相色谱。气相色谱载气N2压力为190 kPa,FID检测器温度280℃;进样口温度225℃;初始柱温40℃,停留5 min,以2℃/min升温至120℃,保留1 min,然后以20℃/min升温至200℃,保留10 min。方法重现性好,精密度高,线性相关系数大于0.99;检出限均低于9×10-9g/L;解吸效率大于96%,适用于植物源挥发性有机物的测定。     

吸附/一级热解吸/气相色谱联用测定室内空气中的挥发性有机物

本文以高聚物TenaxTA动态吸附,一级热解吸/毛细管气相色谱法联用测定室内空气中的挥发性有机物。优化了热解吸温度和热解吸时间,建立了苯、甲苯、乙酸正丁酯、乙苯、对二甲苯、苯乙烯、邻二甲苯、正十一烷等8种典型有机污染物的外标定量曲线,各化合物线性范围为103,相关系数R为0.9983～0.9999,最低检出浓度可达2×10-4mg/m3;考察了方法的重复性、热解吸率和残留率,并分析了实际空气样品。     

Comparative Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Different Parts of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., a medicinal herb and edible plant, is very popular among East Asian countries. The perilla leaves, stems and seeds can be used as traditional medicines and foods. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and halogenated PAHs (HPAHs) are organic pollutants that are widely present in the environment, such as in water, air and soil, and are harmful to humans. In this study, the contents of 16 PAHs and 4 HPAHs in perilla leaves, stems and seeds were determined by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 12 PAHs were detected in all samples, and no HPAHs were detected. The total contents of PAHs in perilla leaves, stems and seeds varied from 41.93 to 415.60 ng/g, 7.02 to 51.52 ng/g and 15.24 to 180.00 ng/g, respectively. The statistical analyses showed that there were significant differences in the distribution of PAHs in perilla leaves, stems and seeds. On the basis of the toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model, the cancer risks of the intake of perilla leaves, stems and seeds were assessed to be from 3.30 × 10⁻⁸ to 2.11 × 10⁻⁵, 5.52 × 10⁻⁹ to 5.50 × 10⁻⁸ and 1.20 × 10⁻⁸ to 1.41 × 10⁻⁷, respectively. These were lower than 10⁻⁴ (the priority risk level of the EPA) and suggested that there may be almost no cancer risk from the intake of these traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs).     

Trap and Desorption Gc/Ms for Detection Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Motorcycles Emission

ABSTRACT

The application of trap and desorption GC/MS to monitoring of sixteen PAHs in the exhaust emissions from motorcycles was investigated. The time of sampling and analysis for one sample is in 40 minutes. The relative standard deviations were estimated from 20% to 34% for monitoring the total concentrations of PAHs from the emissions of motorcycles. The PAH concentrations appeared to show distinct variations with the stroke, engine size and the aging of motorcycles. The predominate of PAHs in the emissions of motorcycle were naphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Naphthalene exhibited the highest concentration that was obtained over 79% of the total concentration of sixteen PAHs in the emissions of the over nine years old motorcycles.     

吸附/热脱附气相色谱分析痕量C1～C5烃

本文以活性炭、TDX-01、Tenax GC、Porapak Q和GDX-104为吸附剂，不经冷凝，在常温下吸附富集痕量C1～C5烃并直接引入毛细管柱。同时探讨了吸附剂的最佳热脱附温度、饱和吸附量、吸附富集回收率、热脱附直接进样的线性规律及方法的相对偏差．     

热解析法/单光子电离质谱法对土壤中多环芳烃的检测

以电子束泵浦稀有气体准分子灯发射出的126 nm紫外光为电离源,结合飞行时间质谱在线分析了土壤中的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)。利用热解吸装置将PAHs气体直接引入质谱,建立了以毛细管直接进样法为样品导入方法的单光子电离质谱分析方法。考察了不同PAHs解吸时间及解吸温度的影响,并讨论了单光子电离效率对检出限的影响。根据标准混合气体的分析得到16种PAHs的检出限可达μg/mL级别。     

The Analysis of Sulfur Compounds by Solid Adsorbent Tenax GR Preconcentration and Gas Chromatography with Flameless Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detection

Gas chromatography using flameless sulfur chemiluminescence detection was applied to the analysis of sulfur compounds in air. A trap employing the solid adsorbent Tenax GR was used to enrich ambient levels of volatile sulfur compounds. The sulfur gases were then thermally released according to programmed temperature from the adsorbent trap and re-collected in a column cooled with liquid nitrogen. The sulfur compounds were revolatilized and directly transferred to the system of PLOT-column gas chromatograph/flameless sulfur chemiluminescence detector for analysis. The PTV injector has been used as a thermal resorption chamber for analysis of sulfur compounds. The sulfur gaseous compounds known to cause nuisance odors in the air from sewerage treatment works were determined.     

热脱附/冷阱聚焦/气相色谱/质谱法卷烟香气分析

利用热脱附装置(TDS)对烟丝粉末进行快速升温,模拟卷烟燃吸过程中蒸馏区的部分反应,用冷阱收集所脱附的物质,以GC/MS对进行定性分析.成功的分离出了有机酸、饱和烃、芳香烃、烯烃以及含氮、氧杂原子的化合物等系列超过100种有机化合物,并且还发现了典型的存在于环境中的化学污染物——邻苯二甲酸二丁酯.     

环戊烷和环己烷在silicalite-1上的吸附、扩散和热脱附

Adsorption,diffusion and thermal desorption features of cyclopentane and cyclohexane in silicalite-1 have beeninvestigated using the intelligent gravimetric technique.Both the saturation adsorption loadings and diffusion coef-ficient of cyclopentane were greater than those of cyclohexane.The diffusivity of cyclopentane was about one orderof magnitude greater than that of cyclohexane at the same temperature and initial loading.For cyclopentane,therewas only one kind of desorption process at adsorption loadings lower than 4 muc(molecule per unit cell),but twodesorption processes appeared at the adsorption loadings higher than 4 muc.While for cyclohexane,one desorptionprocess was found in the whole range of loadings.Both thermal desorption peaks of cyclopentane and cyclohexanemoved to higher temperature region with increasing loading.     

在线测量大气挥发性有机物的冷阱浓缩/热解析仪的研制

研制了一种只用-10C低温的冷阱浓缩/热解析仪,用于大气中C2和C2以上挥发性有机物的在线检测.以碳分子筛TDX-01和石墨化炭黑为吸附剂,将大气挥发性有机物富集在吸附管内,通过对吸附管直接加热快速热解析后,样品随载气直接进入气相色谱仪进行分离分析,不需二级冷阱或者二次浓缩.对10种挥发性有机物的检测显示,测定结果的相...     

Determination of Aromatic Arsines in Environmental Solids by Direct Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography

To quantify aromatic arsines in the environment, such as World War I era chemical warfare agents and degradation products of arsenicals used in agriculture, a sensitive, selective, and direct method is needed. We describe the development and optimization of a method for the measurement of trace levels of triphenylarsine used as a model aromatic arsenic compound. Triphenylarsine was determined at low µg/g levels in sand, soil, and lake sediment by thermal desorption before gas–liquid chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometric and pulsed flame photometric detection. The dithiol derivative of phenylarsonic acid was used as an internal standard, thereby significantly improving the precision of the method. The desorption conditions were studied and found to be optimal at 350°C for 15?min. Significant improvement in precision was realized by preparing the solid samples as slurries in acetone and by inserting a small (～100?mg) quartz wool plug into the sample vial. The method was applied to determine triphenylarsine in authentic soil and sediment samples that had been fortified with triphenylarsine and aged for at least 15 days. Recoveries for soil samples ranged from 84.3?±?2.3 to 87.7?±?1.3%, while lower recoveries were obtained for sediment samples (75.1?±?3.0%). The detection limit for triphenylarsine in soil was 3.14?ng with a precision of 7.10% (n?=?4). Using these optimized conditions, the performance of the direct thermal desorption GC method for sample introduction was greatly improved compared to methods that have been reported in the literature.     

固相萃取搅拌棒萃取-气相色谱分析海水中的多环芳烃

利用固相萃取搅拌棒（SBSE）萃取海水中的多环芳烃，然后用热解吸脱附-气相色谱分析。研究了萃取时间、添加NaCl浓度对萃取效率的影响。实验结果表明，SBSE方法对16种多环芳烃的萃取回收率分别在33．5％～122．4％之间；对标准样品的检出限为2．74-13．5ng／L；方法RSD为3．8％～13．1％。用此方法测定了大连海岸海水中的多环芳烃含量。     

Simultaneous Measurement of Hydrocarbons and Sulfur Compounds using Flame Ionization and Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detection for Sulfur Simulated Distillation

A gas chromatographic system for the simultaneous acquisition of hydrocarbon and sulfur chromatograms was developed. Detection of sulfur compounds is achieved using a sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD) mounted in series with a flame ionization detector (FID). A constant fraction of the effluent of the FID is transferred to the SCD by means of a fixed restrictor. Unlike previous versions of this approach, the FID is not used to generate the chemiluminescent sulfur species. Rather, the FID is operated under optimum conditions for hydrocarbon analysis and a furnace is used to generate the chemiluminescent sulfur species. The system permits dual acquisition of the hydrocarbon and sulfur signals in a single analysis with a single column, since the detectors are operated in a serial fashion. The application of sulfur simulated distillation using this approach was examined, since this requires simultaneous universal and sulfur selective detection. Precision of absolute response of both the FID and SCD was typically less than 2% RSD for a standard reference material.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的多环芳烃

通过超声提取、固相萃取(SPE）纯化、反相高效液相色谱分离及荧光检测,建立了测定卷烟主流烟气中荧葸、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、茚并[1,2、3-cd]芘和苯并[g,h,i]菲等5种多环芳烃的方法。方法的相对标准偏差为2．1％～4,1％,平均回收率为77．2％～90．1％。     

Laser Desorption and Ionization of Solid Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Air With Analysis by Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Abstract

Solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with 4–7 rings on metal, glass, ceramic, and plastic substrates were desorbed and ionized in air with a quadrupled Nd-YAG laser. Gaseous product ions were analyzed at ambient conditions in air directly using ion mobility spectrometry. Ablation rates for perylene on borosilicate glass were estimated as 0.01 ng/mm2 per pulse and standard deviation for peak heights with roughly 1 ug/mm² was 34 %. Substrate interference was avoided by using an unfocused laser beam at 0.5–1 mJ/pulse although gaseous ions also could be generated from substrates with a focused beam at 1 mJ/pulse.     

Relative Recoveries of Hydrocarbons from Geological Samples Using High Temperature Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Contributions from Thermal Desorption

The extraction of n-alkanes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, methylated naphthalenes, phenanthrene, methylated phenanthrenes, anthracene, and methylated anthracenes) and biomarkers (hopanes) from Posidonia shale by high temperature supercritical fluid (HT-SFE) carbon dioxide extraction has been evaluated, including the relative contributions from thermal desorption and relative comparisons to conventional Soxhlet extraction. These current results confirm those of previous studies indicating a widely differing extractability of strongly and weakly associated hydrocarbons in ancient sediments and the significantly higher recoveries possible using HT-SFE compared to conventional Soxhlet extraction. The present study also demonstrates that these high HT-SFE recoveries are due to true extraction rather than simple thermal desorption and that this procedure is a useful tool to study speciation as well as total extractable hydrocarbons from sediments.     

Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Graphene Oxides and Reduced Graphene Oxides

Graphene has attracted increasing attention in multidisciplinary studies because of its unique physical and chemical properties. Herein, the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as naphthalene (NAP), anthracene (ANT), and pyrene (PYR), on reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) and graphene oxides (GOs) as a function of pH, humic acid (HA), and temperature were elucidated by means of a batch technique. For comparison, nonpolar and nonporous graphite were also employed in this study. The increasing of pH from 2 to 11 did not influence the adsorption of PAHs on rGOs, whereas the suppressed adsorption of NAP on rGOs was observed both in the presence of HA and under high‐temperature conditions. Adsorption isotherms of PAHs on rGOs were in accordance with the Polanyi–Dubinin–Ashtahhov (PDA) model, providing evidence that pore filling and flat surface adsorption were involved. The saturated adsorbed capacities (in mmol g^?1) of rGOs for PAHs calculated from the PDA model significantly decreased in the order of NAP>PYR>ANT, which was comparable to the results of theoretical calculations. The pore‐filling mechanism dominates the adsorption of NAP on rGOs, but the adsorption mechanisms of ANT and PYR on rGOs are flat surface adsorption.