Substituent effects in the ring-chain tautomerism of 4-aryl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolines

By condensation of 1-(2′-aminoethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives with substituted benzaldehydes, 1,6-unsubstituted and diastereomers of 1-methyl- or 6-methyl-substituted 4-aryl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolines were prepared. The ring-chain tautomeric equilibria of most of these compounds in CDCl₃ at 300 K were found to be shifted nearly totally towards either the cyclic or the open tautomeric forms, while the (6R*,11bR*)-6-methyl substituted compounds proved to be three-component tautomeric mixtures, the equilibria of which could be characterized by a Hammett-type equation. The conformational equilibria of the cyclic forms turned out to be strongly influenced by the 1- and 6-methyl substituents and the configurations of the substituted carbons (C-1 or C-6 and C-4) relative to C-11b.     

苯烷基取代的对苯二酚的合成

以1,4－二甲氧基苯为原料,经傅氏酰基化反应、黄鸣龙改良还原、醚键的断裂三步反应合成了3个苯烷基对苯二酚。产物的结构由元素分析、IR和^1H NMR确认。     

1-取代胺甲基-7,8-二去氢-4-羟基-3,7-二甲氧基-17-甲基-9α,13α,14α-吗啡烷-6-酮的合成

超声波辐射下, 以盐酸青藤碱为原料, 在其A环1-位碳上进行Mannich反应, 合成了2个新的取代胺甲基化合物 1a, 1b. 且由化合物1a与取代芳胺及吗啉通过胺交换反应合成了8个新的取代胺甲基化合物2a～2h. 所有新化合物的结构利用IR, MS, ¹H NMR及NOE差谱进行了表征.     

New route to N-aryl and N-heteroaryl derivatives of 4-hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxamides

The synthesis of N-aryl and N-heteroaryl substituted 4-hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxamides 1 is described. The attack of dianions 12 of N-aryl substituted acetamides on the C-4 carbonyl of 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones 11 gave rise to ketoamides 13 , which smoothly cyclised in the presence of bases to afford quinolinecarboxamides 1 . By this method, a large number of 2-substituted 4-hydroxyquinolinecarboxamides can be prepared.     

Synthesis of 7-(alkenyl,cycloalkenyl, and 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)quinolones

A series of 1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinolines was prepared in which the C-7 position is substituted with a vinyl, a 1-cyclopentenyl, or a 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl group. These quinolones were synthesized via a palladium-catalyzed cross coupling of a 7-quinolyltriflate with an appropriately functionalized vinylstannane.     

Synthesis of 8-(omega-Hydroxyalkyl)-, 8-(omega-hydroxyalk-1-enyl)-, and 8-(omega-hydroxyalk-1-ynyl)adenines using the tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl group, a new and versatile protecting group of adenine

The synthesis of 12 analogues of adenine substituted at C-8 by an omega-hydroxyalkyl, omega-hydroxyalk-1-enyl, or omega-hydroxyalk-1-ynyl chain of various length has been carried out in five or six steps starting from adenine. The analogues were obtained using a new protecting group of adenine, the tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl group. 9-tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-adenine is more soluble than adenine in organic solvents. It was prepared regiospecificaly in two steps from adenine and was amenable to C-8 iodination under basic conditions and to subsequent introduction of the various carbon chains at C-8 by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (Stille or Sonogashira). The protecting group was removed under acidic conditions, thus demonstrating its versatility.     

Novel 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. II. Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of 3-[4-(substituted amino)phenylalkyl]ester derivatives

Novel 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives bearing 3-[4-(substituted amino)phenylalkyl]ester side chains were prepared and tested for their antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Most compounds showed a more potent antihypertensive effect and a longer duration of action than nicardipine. The derivatives with a benzhydrylpiperazinyl and a benzhydrylpiperidinyl group were distinctive. 2-[4-(4-Benzhydryl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl]ethyl methyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (4e), its 4-(4-cyano-2-pyridyl) analogue (4f), its 3-[4-(4-benzhydryl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl]propyl ester analogue (4h), its 2-[4-(4-benzhydryl-1-piperidinyl)phenyl]ethyl ester analogue (4j), and its 2-[4-(1-benzhydryl-4-piperidinyl)phenyl]ethyl ester analogue (4k) were selected as candidates for further pharmacological investigations.     

The synthesis of 1-haloalkyl-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzoxepins

Short, efficient routes to several 7,8-dimethoxy-1-haloalkyl-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzoxepins were developed. These benzoxepins were prepared by the Lewis acid catalyzed condensation of the acetals of chloropropionaldehyde or bromoacetaldehyde with 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanol. This condensation was facilitated by methyl substitution on the propanol. In an alternate route, ethyl 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanoate was acylated with 3-chloropropionyl chloride. The adduct was reduced with lithium aluminum hydride. The resultant 3-[2-(3-chloro-1-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl]propanol was dehydrated to the corresponding tetrahydrobenzoxepin. By these two general routes, 7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzoxepins were produced which were substituted by hydrogen or methyl at benzoxepin C-4 and chloroethyl or bromomethyl at benzoxepin C-1.     

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of new 8-nitrofluoroquinolone derivatives

The objective of this research was the preparation of new 8-nitrofluoroquinolone models and investigation of their antibacterial properties. The work initially involved large scale preparation of the synthon 7-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-nitro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (3), followed by introduction of substituted primary amine appendages at the C-7 position to give derivatives 9a-g, in which the amino group is appended to substituted benzenes or aromatic heterocycles, is part of a primary alpha-amino acid or just a simple primary aliphatic amine. This nucleophilic aromatic substitution step was a very simple procedure since the 8-nitro group of the above synthon facilitated the addition of weak nucleophiles at C-7. All compounds prepared were fully identified and characterized using NMR, IR, EA and MS, and were consistent with expected structures. The prepared targets and the intermediates have shown interesting antibacterial activity against gram positive and/or gram negative strains. In particular, the p-toluidine, p-chloroaniline and aniline derivatives showed good activity against S. aureus with MIC range approximately 2-5 microg/mL. In conclusion, more lipophilic groups seem to enhance activity against gram positive strains.     

Crotonase catalysis enables flexible production of functionalized prolines and carbapenams

The biocatalytic versatility of wildtype and engineered carboxymethylproline synthases (CMPSs) is demonstrated by the preparation of functionalized 5-carboxymethylproline derivatives methylated at C-2, C-3, C-4, or C-5 of the proline ring from appropriately substituted amino acid aldehydes and malonyl-coenzyme A. Notably, compounds with a quaternary center (at C-2 or C-5) were prepared in a stereoselective fashion by engineered CMPSs. The substituted-5-carboxymethyl-prolines were converted into the corresponding bicyclic β-lactams using a carbapenam synthetase. The results demonstrate the utility of the crotonase superfamily enzymes for stereoselective biocatalysis, the amenability of carbapenem biosynthesis pathways to engineering for the production of new bicyclic β-lactam derivatives, and the potential of engineered biocatalysts for the production of quaternary centers.     

Total synthesis of natural dysidiolide

Dysidiolide (1), a novel sesterterpenoid previously isolated from the Caribbean sponge Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, inhibits the action of the protein phosphatase, cdc25A. The authors establish a novel total synthesis of natural dysidiolide (1) using intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction as the key step from optically active cyclohexenone 3. Decalin, the core structure of 1, was constructed by intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of the diene ester generated by elimination of the phenyl sulfoxide group from sulfoxide ester 6 prepared from cyclohexenone 3. Diastereoselective methylation at C-7, alkylation at C-6, and deoxygenation of C-12 and C-24 positions gave the fully substituted bicyclic core of 1. The two side chains of the bicyclic core were further extended so as to afford natural dysidiolide (1). The total yield of this synthesis exceeds that of previous syntheses of 1.     

New chiral imidazolinic derivatives

Novel C-2 substituted 4,5-dihydroimidazoles and imidazoles bearing an N-linked stereogenic group were rapidly prepared from a chiral primary amine. Quaternization of these derivatives resulted in a range of scalemic room temperature ionic liquids. The ability of the imidazolium species to act as reaction medium and/or phase transfer catalyst was also assessed.     

Studies on pyrazines. 12 . N-oxidation of aminopyrazines with m-chloroperbenzoic acid

N-Oxidation reactions of 2-aminopyrazines, substituted by methyl or phenyl groups at C-3 or C-5, with m-chloroperbenzoic acid were undertaken to obtain the 2-aminopyrazine 1-oxides.     

Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of anthraquinones Part II—hydroxymethoxyanthraquinones,acetoxymethoxyanthraquinones and naturally occuring anthraquinone analogues

The ¹³C NMR spectra of hydroxymethoxyanthraquinones, acetoxymethoxyanthraquinones and naturally occuring anthraquinone derivatives are reported and all chemical shifts assigned. Hydroxy, methoxy and acetoxy substitution parameters are additive except in the case of 1,2-disubstitution and for 1-hydroxyanthraquinones substituted on C-3 or on C-4 by an hydroxy or a methoxy group. In anthraquinones substituted on C-2, carbon shieldings are found to be sensitive to steric interference and to conjugative electron release by the 1-OCH₃.     

Stereoselective synthesis and functionalization of 4-heterosubstituted β-lactams

Polyfunctionalized β-lactams were prepared with high stereoselectivity in an efficient manner. A palladium-catalyzed [2+2] carbonylative cycloaddition of allyl bromide with heteroaryliden-anilines afforded 2-azetidinones N-phenyl substituted, with an heteroaryl moiety linked at the C-4 carbon, and an alkenyl group at the C-3 carbon. The C-3 and the C-4 positions could be further functionalized inserting alkyl and hydroxyl groups in the azetidinone ring, through the generation of a stable azetidinyl anion then captured by various electrophiles.     

General and regioselective synthesis of substituted pyrroles by metal-catalyzed or spontaneous cycloisomerization of (Z)-(2-en-4-ynyl)amines

A general and regioselective synthesis of substituted pyrroles 2 by cycloisomerization of readily available (Z)-(2-en-4-ynyl)amines 1 is reported. Spontaneous cycloisomerization leading to 2 occurred in the course of preparation of enynamines bearing a terminal triple bond or a triple bond substituted with a phenyl or a CH2OTHP group. When the triple bond was substituted with an alkyl or alkenyl group, enynamines were stable and could be converted into the corresponding pyrroles by metal catalysis. CuCl2 was found to be an excellent catalyst for cycloisomerization of substrates substituted at C-3, while PdX2 in conjunction with KX (X = Cl, I) turned out to be a superior catalyst for the reaction of enynamines unsubstituted at C-3.     

Synthesis of nicotine derivatives via reductive disilylation of (S)-nicotine

[reaction: see text] A variety of novel nicotine derivatives were prepared via reductive disilylation of (S)-nicotine. Treatment of nicotine with lithium powder and chlorotrimethylsilane afforded 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-dihydronicotine in high yield. Addition of various carbonyl electrophiles and a catalytic amount of TBAF provided either C-5 substituted nicotines or 1,4-dihydronicotine derivatives.     

Synthese et reaction de diacyl-1,4 alkyl-4 dihydropyridines

The action of zinc and acetic, propionic or butyric anhydride on C-4 substituted pyridines gives 1,4-diacyl 4-alkyl dihydropyridines, which can also be obtained by a free radical reaction. The 1-acetyl 4-methylene 5-methyl 4,5-dihydro azepine 24 has been prepared by solvolysis of tosylate 23 prepared from 1,4-diacetyl 4-methyl dihydropyridine. The 4-methyl quinuclidinone 28 was prepared from 1,4-diacetyl 4-methyl dihydropyridine 4 by hydrogenation, hydrolysis, bromination and cyclisation.     

Studies on simplified ergoline derivatives. A general six-step synthesis of phenyl-substituted 4-methyl-3,4,4a,5,6,10b-hexahydrobenzo[f]quinolin-1-(2H)-one analogs

This communication outlines the development of a novel, general synthetic route to substituted α-tetralones 5 , their subsequent conversion to the α,β-unsaturated ketones 11 , and an improved, one-step transformation of 11 to the tricyclic title compounds 1. Thus, substituted derivatives of 1 can be prepared in six steps from simple benzaldehydes, or, in three steps from more readily available α-tetralones.     

Synthesis of C-11 linked active ester derivatives of vitamin D3 and their conjugations to 42-residue helix-loop-helix peptides

Derivatives of vitamin D₃ carrying an 8-carbon linker at C-11 terminating in an active ester were synthesized from commercial vitamin D₃ using a disassembly-reassembly strategy. Vitamin D₃ was cleaved at the C6-C7 double bond and the ‘upper’ fragment was converted, via a series of reactions, to derivatives substituted at C-11 with an 8-carbon linker terminating in an ethyl ester. Reassembly with modified ‘lower’ fragments using Horner-Wittig olefination followed by linker ester hydrolysis and re-esterification with p-nitrophenol gave C-11 substituted p-nitrophenyl esters. These vitamin D derivatives were conjugated to 42-amino acid helix-loop-helix peptides by reaction of their p-nitrophenyl esters with lysyl side-chain amino groups on the peptides. The vitamin D—peptide conjugates, being potential specific binder candidates for vitamin D-binding protein, were characterized by mass spectroscopy and CD measurements.