Synthesis of aromatic polyethers by Scholl reaction. II. On the polymerizability of 4,4′-bis(phenoxy)diphenyl sulfones and of 4,4′-bis(phenythiol)diphenyl sulfone

4,4′-Bis(phenoxy)diphenyl sulfone ( 1 ), 4,4′-bis(phenylthio)diphenyl sulfone ( 2 ), and 1 substituted with various electron-donating groups in the phenoxy units were synthesized and polymerized under oxidative reaction conditions. The presence of methyl, tert-butyl, and methoxy groups as substituents on the phenoxy groups of 1 increases both the yield and the solubility of the resulting polymers. The structure-reactivity relationship of the monomers and of the growing species were discussed based on a radical-cation mechanism of polymerization. Monomers of high nucleophilicity and resonance stabilized radical-cation growing species are crucial to achieve polymers of high molecular weight. The structure of the polymers and in several cases of their chain ends were determined by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. The mechanism of termination and the side reactions occuring during this polymerization process were discussed based on the structure of the resulting polymers.     

Synthesis of aromatic polyethers by Scholl reaction. VII. Oxidative polymerization of 2,2-bis[4-(1-naphthoxy)phenyl]propane and 2,2-bis [4-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]propane

The synthesis and the mechanism of oxidative polymerization of 2,2-bis[4-(1-naphthoxy)phenyl]propane ( 4 ) and 2,2-bis[4-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]propane ( 9 ) are presented. Both monomers polymerize by two different propagation steps. The first one represents a cation-radical dimerization of the naphthyl groups to dinaphthyl structure. H⁺[FeCl₄]^? generated from the first propagation step initiates a transalkylation reaction which provides structural units containing isopropylidenic groups inserted between phenyl and naphthyl, and between two naphthyl groups, respectively. Since the phenyl groups resulted from the second propagation reaction are unreactive in both the oxidative coupling and the transalkylation steps this polymerization reaction leads to polymers with low molecular weights containing phenyl chain ends.     

Synthesis of aromatic polythers by Scholl reaction. IV. Homopolymerization and copolymerization of α,ω-bis[4-(1-napthoxy)phenylsulfonyl]perfluoroalkanes

Polyether sulfones containing perfluoroalkyl segments were prepared by room temperature radical-cation polymerization (Scholl reaction) of 1,4-bis[4-(1-napthoxy)phenylsulfonyl]perfluorobutane ( 1a ) and 1,8-bis [4-(1-napthoxy) phenylsulfonyl] perfluoroctane ( 1b ) in nitrobenzene, using anhydrous ferric chloride as oxident. The homopolymerization of 1a and of 1b performed under various polymerization conditions, resulted in polymers with number average molecular weight (M?_n) up to 33,000 and 38,000 g/mol, respectively. Copolymerization of the fluorinated monomers 1a with 1b , and either 1a or 1b with 4,4′-bis(1-naphthoxy) diphenyl sulfone ( 4 ) and 1,5-bis (1-naphthoxy) pentane ( 5 ) produced copolymers of M?_n up to 18,100 g/mol. The reactivity of the various monomers was discussed on the basis of the induction and resonance stabilization effects.     

Synthesis of aromatic polyethers by Scholl reaction. V. Synthesis and polymerization of 1,3-bis[4-(1-naphthoxy) benzoyl]benzene, 1,4-bis[4-(1-naphthoxy)benzoyl]benzene,bis[4-(1-naphthoxy)phenyl]methane, 1,3-bis[4-(1-naphthoxy) phenylmethyl]benzene,and 1,4-bis-[4-(1-naphthoxy)phenylmethyl]benzene

This article describes the synthesis and the cation-radical polymerization (Scholl reaction) of 1,3-bis[4-(1-naphthoxy) benzoyl] benzene ( 6 ) and 1,4-bis[4-(1-naphthoxy) benzoyl]- benzene ( 7 ) initiated by FeCI₃. This polymerization produced poly(ether ether ketone ketone)s (PEEKK) of number average molecular weight (M?_n) up to 5400 g/mol. The synthesis of bis[4-(1-naphthoxy) phenyl] methane ( 8 ), 1,3-bis[4-(1-napthoxy) phenylmethyl] benzene ( 9 ), and 1,4-bis[4-(1-naphthoxy) phenylmethyl] benzene ( 10 ) are also described. Polyethers of M?_n up to 15400 g/mol at a FeCl₃/monomer molar ratio of 2/1 were obtained. An increased polymerizability of the monomers 9 and 10 containing two CH₂ groups versus that of the corresponding monomers containing two carbonyl groups ( 6 and 7 ) was observed. This enhanced polymerizability was explained based on the increased nucleophilicity of monomers 9 and 10 .     

Addition conjuguee des α, ω-bis(bromomagnesio)alcanes sur les coumarines

Reactions of 1,4-bis(bromomagnesio)bütane and 1,5-bis(bromomagnesio) pentane with coumarin and 6-methylcoumarin gave a mixture of 1-(o-hydroxystyryl)cycloalkanol and 4-alkyl-3,4-dihydrocoumarin. A large difference in product distribution was observed between the two bifunctional reagents. Annelation was favored by the use of 1,4-bis(bromomagnesio))butane, whereas conjugate addition was observed with 1,5-bis(bromomagnesio)pentane and even In the use of 4-methylcoumarin.     

Soluble polyarylenes containing alternating binaphthylene and biphenylene structural units

This article describes the synthesis of a novel series of soluble polyarylenes containing alternating binapthylene and biphenylene structural units. They were obtained by the cation-radical polymerization of bis(1-naphthyl) biphenyls. The following monomers were synthesized and polymerized : 4,4′-bis(1-naphthyl) biphenyl ( 9 ), 3,3′-bis(1-naphthyl) biphenyl ( 10 ), 2,2′-bis(1-naphthyl)biphenyl ( 11 ), and 2,5-bis(1-naphthyl)biphenyl ( 14 ). All polymerizations were performed in nitrobenzene using FeCl₃ as oxidant. Polymers with number average molecular weights of up to 4000 g/mol were obtained.     

Microwave-assisted McMurry polymerization utilizing low-valent titanium for the synthesis of poly 2,6-[1,5-bis(dodecyloxy)naphthylene vinylene] (PNV)

Poly 2,6-[1,5-bis(dodecyloxy)naphthylene vinylene] is synthesized by microwave-assisted McMurry polymerization utilizing low-valent titanium generated from titanium tetrachloride and zinc. The obtained polymer is fluorescent with an average molecular weight of approximately 65,000 g/mol and a polydispersity of M_w/M_n ≈ 3. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in solution and on spin-cast thin films reveal that the bis-alkoxy substituted PNV has a short effective conjugation length but a quite efficient exciton migration.     

Complex Formation of 1,5-Bis(amidomethylsulfonyl)pentane with Copper(II) and Iron(III)

The state of the new antitubercular agent 1,5-bis(amidomethylsulfonyl)pentane in aqueous micellar solution of the nonionic surfactant Bridge 35 and its complexing properties toward copper(II) and iron(III) ions have been studied by spectrophotometry, pH potentiometry (25°C, variable ionic strength), and mathematical modeling. In the concentration range from 5.00 × 10^–5 to 1.00 × 10^–3 M in the presence of Bridge 35, the title compound exists in a neutral monomeric form. It forms 1: 2 mononuclear and 2: 2 binuclear complexes with copper(II) and 1: 1 and 1: 2 mononuclear and 2: 1 binuclear complexes with iron(III). The most favorable structures of 1,5-bis(amidomethylsulfonyl)pentane and its complexes have been simulated in terms of the density functional theory.     

聚丙烯酸[2,5-双(对甲氧基苯甲酰氧基)苄酯]及聚甲基丙烯酸[2,5-双(对甲氧基苯甲酰氧基)苄酯]的合成

周其凤等曾报道聚丙烯酸［２,５－双（对甲氧基苯甲酰氧基）节酯］［１］和聚甲基丙烯酸［２,５－双（对甲氧基苯甲酰氧基）苄酯］［２］的合成．但后来的研究发现,在合成单体的条件下出现的一种未见报道的异常反应［３］使产物成分复杂化,因此当时报道的聚合物可能不是聚丙烯酸［２,５－双－（对甲氧基苯甲酰氧基）苄酯］或聚甲基丙烯酸［２,５－双（对甲氧基苯甲酰氧基）苄酯］,而可能是共聚物．针对这一问题,我们重新设计了合成路线以避免发生上述副反应,成功地合成了丙烯酸或ａ－甲基丙烯酸［２,５－双－（对甲氧基苯甲酰氧基…     

Synthesis and properties of novel aromatic polyamides derived from 1,5-bis(4-aminophenoxy)naphthalene and aromatic dicarboxylic acids

A new bis(phenoxy)naphthalene-containing diamine, 1,5-bis(4-aminophenoxy)naphthalene, was synthesized in two steps from the condensation of 1,5-dihydroxy-naphthalene with p-chloronitrobenzene in the presence of potassium carbonate, giving 1,5-bis(4-nitrophenoxy)naphthalene, followed by hydrazine hydrate/Pd? C reduction. A series of polyamides and copolyamides were synthesized by the direct polycondensation of the diamine with various aromatic dicarboxylic acids or with mixed dicarboxylic acids in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. The polymers having inherent viscosity of 0.81–1.25 dL/g were obtained in quantitative yield. Most of the polymers were generally soluble in aprotic solvent such as N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc. The polymers derived from rigid dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, and 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid exhibited crystalline patterns. Glass transition temperatures of polymers were in the range of 230–360°C, and 10% weight loss temperatures in nitrogen and air were above 492 and 470°C, respectively. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

One-pot Synthesis of 3-Aryl-1,5-bis（2-hydroxyaryl）pentane-1,5-diones

A simple method for the synthesis of 3-aryl-1,5-bis(2-hydroxyaryl)pentane-1,5-diones is developed by one-potreaction involving 2-hydroxyacetophenone and arylaldehyde in aqueous potassium hydroxide.     

The configuration and solid state conformation of 3,7-dihydroxy-1,5-bis(p-bromophenyl)octahydro-1,5-diazocine

The crystal structure of 3,7-dihydroxy-1,5-bis(p-brornophenyl)octahydro-1,5-diazocine ( 4 ) has been determined from the three dimensional x-ray diffraction data. This infers a similar structure for 3,7-dihydroxy-1,5-diphenyloetahydro-1,5-diazocine ( 1 ). The molecules are in a twist crown conformation and the configuration of the hydroxyl groups on the 3,7-positions is cis.     

Synthesis and properties of new polyimides derived from 1,5-bis(4-aminophenoxy)naphthalene and aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides

Novel aromatic polyimides containing bis(phenoxy)naphthalene units were synthesized from 1,5-bis(4-aminophenoxy)naphthalene (APN) and various aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides by the usual two-step procedure that included ring-opening polyaddition in a polar solvent such as N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) to give poly(amic acid)s, followed by cyclodehydration to polyimides. The poly(amic acid)s had inherent viscosities between 0.72 and 1.94 dL/g, depending on the tetracarboxylic dianhydrides used. Excepting the polyimide IVb obtained from 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), all other polyimides formed brown, flexible, and tough films by casting from the poly(amic acid) solutions. The polyimide synthesized from BPDA was characterized as semicrystalline, whereas the other polyimides showed amorphous patterns as shown by the x-ray diffraction studies. Tensile strength, initial moduli, and elongation at break of the APN-based polyimide films ranged from 105–135 MPa, 1.92–2.50 GPa, and 6–7%, respectively. These polyimides had glass transition temperatures between 228 and 317°C. Thermal analyses indicated that these polymers were fairly stable, and the 10% weight loss temperatures by TGA were recorded in the range of 543–574°C in nitrogen and 540–566°C in air atmosphere, respectively. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

New poly(amide-imide)s syntheses. VII. Preparation and properties of poly(amide-imide)s derived from 1,5-bis(4-aminophenoxy) naphthalene,trimellitic anhydride,and various aromatic diamines

New bis(phenoxy)naphthalene-containing poly(amide-imide)s having an inherent viscosity in the range of 0.62–1.09 dL/g were prepared by the direct polycondensation of 1,5-bis(4-trimellitimidophenoxy) naphthalene ( I ) and various aromatic diamines using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in the presence of calcium chloride. The diimide-diacid (I) was prepared by the condensation of 1,5-bis(4-aminophenoxy) naphthalene and trimellitic anhydride. Most of the polymers were soluble in aprotic solvents such as NMP and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and afforded transparent, flexible and tough films upon casting from DMAc solutions. Measurements of wide-angle X-ray diffraction revealed that those polymers containing p-phenylene or oxyphenylene groups were characterized as crystalline polymers. Tensile strength and initial moduli of the polymer films ranged from 61–86 MPa and 1.83–2.21 GPa, respectively. Glass transition temperatures of the polymers were in the range of 231–340°C. The melting points of the crystalline polymers ranged from 375–430°C. The 10% weight loss temperatures were above 512°C in nitrogen and 481°C in air. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

2,3,5,6-Tetra(vinylthio)difluorobenzene in Reactions with Difunctional Nucleophiles

Reaction of 2,3,5,6-tetra(vinylthio)difluorobenzene with ethylene glycol affords 1,4-bis[2,3,5,6-tetra(vinylthio)-4-fluorophenoxy-1-ethyloxy-]-2,3,5,6-tetra(vinylthio)benzene, with diethylene glycol arises 2,3,5,6-tetra(vinylthio)-4-(4-hydroxyethoxyethyloxy)-1-fluorobenzene, with 1,5-diaminopentane forms 1,5-bis[2,3,5,6-tetra(vinylthio)-4-fluoroanilino]pentane; in reactions with 2-aminoethanethiol and 2-mercaptoethanol occurs substitution of two fluorine atoms by RS groups.     

Reversible nature of the opening of the tetrahydrofuran ring of diphenyl(2-tetrahydrofurylmethyl)phosphine oxide by the diphenylphosphinite anion

The reaction of diphenyl(2-tetrahydrofurylmethyl)phosphine oxide with diphenylphosphonous acid in DMSO in the presence of KOH proceeds with opening of the tetrahydrofuran ring and leads to 4,5- bis(diphenylphosphinyl)pentanol. This product is converted to the starting oxide upon the reaction with diphenylvinylphosphine oxide. 4,5-Bis(diphenylphosphinyl)pentanol is converted to the corresponding tosylate. The action of alcoholates on this tosylate gives 1-ethoxy-4, 5-bis(diphenylphosphinyl)pentane and 1-butoxy-1,5-bis(diphenylphosphinyl)pentane.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1421–1424, June, 1990.     

The crystal structure of 1,5-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-1,5-diazocan-2,6-dione

The study of the molecular geometry of 1,5-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-1,5-diazocan-2,6-dione (2) as determined by X-ray analysis is reported and compared with that of cyclodi-β-alanyl (3). Interestingly there are 1.5 molecules of 2 in the asymmetric unit, showing the two conformations (1 twist-boat- and 0.5 chair-type) with two parallel aromatic rings (from alternate twist-boat conformers) sandwiching the eight-membered ring of the centrosymmetric chair-type conformation. The twist-boat is shown by pmr spectroscopy to be the only significantly populated conformer at low temperature in deuteriodichloromethane solution.     

Polyimides from 1,5-bis(4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)naphthalene and aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides

A new trifluoromethylated bis(ether amine), 1,5-bis(4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)naphthalene, was synthesized in two steps starting from 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene and 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzotrifluoride via nucleophilic aromatic substitution and catalytic reduction. A series of novel fluorinated polyimides with moderate to high molecular weights were synthesized from the diamine with various aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides using a conventional two-stage process. All polyimides could afford flexible and tough films and most of them were soluble in strong polar solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). The polyimides showed glass-transition temperatures (T_g) in the range of 253-315 °C (by DSC) and softening temperatures (T_s) in the range of 250-300 °C (by TMA). Decomposition temperatures for 5% weight loss all occurred above 500 °C in both air and nitrogen atmospheres. The dielectric constants of these polymers ranged from 3.17 to 3.64 at 1 MHz. The properties of these fluorinated polyimides were also compared with those of polyimides prepared from 1,5-bis(4-aminophenoxy)naphthalene with the same dianhydrides.     

Flash photolysis of (E)-1,2-bis(1-chloro-1-phenylmethyl)cyclopropane. Generation of 1,5-diphenylpentadienyl radical and 1,5-diphenylpentadienylium cation

The 1,5-diphenylpentadienyl radical (5) is generated from (E)-1,2-bis(1-chloro-1-phenylmethyl)cyclopropane (1) via a two-photon process, either in cyclohexane or in acetonitrile as solvent. Two-laser two-color flash photolysis experiments show that excitation of the benzylic radical generated by homolysis of the first C-Cl bond leads, after ring-opening and proton loss, to the stabilized radical 5. This radical is also generated by photolysis of either (1E,3E)-5-chloro-1,5-diphenyl-1,3-pentadiene (6) or (1E,4E)-1,5-diphenyl-1,4-)pentadiene (7) via one-photon or two-photon processes, respectively. On the other hand, laser flash photolysis of 1 in acetonitrile also produces some 1,5-diphenylpentadienylium cation (10) generated via a one-photon process. Its formation can be explained as due to competitive photoheterolysis leading to a benzylic cation which thermally ring-opens and dehydrohalogenates. Species 10 is more efficiently generated by photolysis of 6 in acetonitrile and undergoes photoisomerization after laser excitation.     

Reaction of (dichloro)(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum(II) with dimethyl diazomethylphosphonate. Crystal structure analysis of a bis-insertion product, (R,R)-bis[chloro(dimethoxyphosphonyl)methyl]-(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum(II)

The reaction of dichloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum(II), 1 with dimethyl diazomethylphosphonate, 2, results in the formation of products of insertion of the carbene moiety into one or both PtCl bonds. An X-ray diffraction study of a crystal obtained from the major bis-insertion product of this reaction shows it to be (R,R)-bis[chloro(dimethoxyphosphonyl)methylyl](1,5-cyclooetadiene)platinum(II), 5. The space group is polar indicating that spontaneous resolution has occurred upon crystallization.