测量脉冲大电流的四光路光学电流传感器技术

 在传统光学电流传感器技术的基础上，提出了一种四光路光学电流传感器，其通过四路输出信号可准确确定偏转角，使电流的测量范围不受正弦函数的单调性的限制，从而提高了电流的测量范围。配合四光路结构，提出了新的反正切函数数据处理方法，其不存在角度不灵敏区、可纠正原始数据的缺陷，从而提高了测量精度。实测了充电电压为4.5 kV、电容为50 μF和导线有效穿过磁光探头14次的快开快门的总短路电流，其峰值达85 kA，与理论值87 kA能较好地吻合，从而证明了四光路光学电流传感器可有效地测量脉冲大电流。     

基于Elsasser模型的氧气A带红外目标被动测距

被动测距技术结构简单、隐身无源,尤其适用于现代军事目标的探测。发展了基于目标辐射和氧分子光谱吸收衰减特性的近距离单波段被动测距方法。根据Lambert-Beer定律,确定氧气A带透过率与被测目标距离的关系;分析吸收系数随环境参数变化的分布规律,得到被测目标辐射强度分布。根据带平均透过率和高温气体辐射窄带模型计算方法,建立了基于洛伦兹线型的Elsasser模型近距离被动测距数学模型。用实测数据计算透过率与理论模型进行拟合,最终获得被测目标的距离信息,考虑周围环境对氧分子吸收系数的影响,校正测距精度。搭建了测距实验平台,10w黑体做光源,采用分辨率为17 cm-1的光栅光谱仪,光谱输入端采用23 mm口径的望远镜以提高光接收效率,水平方向分别对200 m以内不同距离进行测试。实验结果表明,将测得数据经平滑处理后计算出透过率与相同条件下预测模型的预测值进行比较,精度小于2.18%。     

Application of plasma shutter in second harmonic generation of AgGaSe2 crystal

A reliable target-triggering plasma shutter was applied to second harmonic generation (SHG) of AgGaSe2 crystal with a TEA CO2 laser. Under normal air pressure, argon charged plasma shutter was triggered by focusing beam companying with a pair of adjustable metal targets. Conversion efficiency was enhanced by 3.3 times and the maximal efficiency 9.3%, with 1.4-mJ second harmonic energy was obtained. Finally, crystal damage was discussed together with previous work.     

Improvements in simulation of multiple scattering effects in ATLAS fast simulation

Fast ATLAS Tracking Simulation (Fatras) package was verified on single layer geometry with respect to full simulation with GEANT4. Fatras hadronic interactions and multiple scattering simulation were studied in comparison with GEANT4. Disagreement was found in multiple scattering distributions of primary charged particles (μ, π, e). A new model for multiple scattering simulation was implemented in Fatras. The model was based on R. Frühwirth’s mixture models. New model was tested on single layer geometry and a good agreement with GEANT4 was achieved. Also a comparison of reconstructed tracks’ parameters was performed for Inner Detector geometry, and Fatras with new multiple scattering model proved to have better agreement with GEANT4. New model of multiple scattering was added as a part of Fatras package in the development release of ATLAS software—ATHENA.     

双频超声交替强化超临界流体萃取装置的设计与应用

本文针对超临界流体萃取（SFE）系统设备的特点，设计丁可用于强化SFE过程的双频超声波交替强化装置。以香椿叶中黄酮类化合物为提取对象，对超声强化USFE过程的影响因素及强化效果进行了实验研究，结果表明；低频超声利于提取，频率为20kHz的超声强化的萃取率最大，38kHz的超声最小，两者交替的居于中间。     

Experimental study on the standing-wave tube with tapered section and its extremely nonlinear standing-wave field

A standing-wave tube with tapered section(STTS) was evolved from a standing-wave tube with abrupt section(STAS) whose abrupt section was replaced with tapered section. The research was intended to compare the acoustic properties and the extremely nonlinear pure standing waves of STTS with those of STAS.The acoustic properties of the STTS were studied with transfer matrix.It was proved,like the STAS,that the STTS was dissonant standing-wave tube.With its dissonant property,the 181 dB extremely nonlinear pure standing wave was obtained in the STTS excited at its first resonance frequency.Then the comparative experimental studies on the saturation properties of the extremely nonlinear standing waves were carried out in the STTS and the STAS with the same length.It was found that the STTS could suppress the harmonics and meanwhile reduce energy loss of the standing wave more effectively.Compared with the STAS,under the same voltage of loudspeaker,the STTS obtained a higher extremely nonlinear pure standing wave.Moreover,it was found for the STTS that the third harmonic of the third resonance frequency was close to the seventh resonance frequency of sound source impedance,to which the valley value of the sound pressure level transfer function corresponded.Because of this,the third harmonic increased rapidly with the increase of fundamental wave and tended to saturate.     

高温铝等离子体X光发射谱实验

 在神光-Ⅱ高功率激光装置上,以束匀滑的第九路钕玻璃二倍频激光均匀辐照薄层铝埋点靶,通过激光烧蚀作用产生较均匀的铝高温等离子体,用平面晶体谱仪在靶面前向和切向同时测量了X光发射谱信号,并将前向发射谱进行了定量化还原处理。利用辐射流体力学程序MULTI-1D首先对等离子体状态进行了模拟计算,然后采用基于碰撞辐射模型的光谱程序对该状态下的光谱开展了计算,并将实验测量光谱与理论计算光谱进行了比较和分析,符合得较好。     

蒙特卡罗计算在中子残余应力谱仪屏蔽优化设计中的应用

在反应堆上进行中子残余应力谱仪(RSND)的建设工程中,生物屏蔽是降低谱仪测量本底,保证工作人员安全的主要技术手段。为了对屏蔽系统进行优化设计,采用蒙特卡罗方法对其进行模拟计算。采用McStas和MCNP5两种计算程序,理论分析提高计算效率的方法和技巧,并分三步进行谱仪辐射场的计算。首先用McStas程序模拟热中子在导管中的输运过程,然后用MCNP程序计算了屏蔽块之间接合处的拼缝对谱仪辐射场的影响,最后建立整个谱仪屏蔽系统的MCNP模型,并进行计算。将经过用影响因素修正后的计算结果与现场剂量仪实测值进行比较,结果表明二者在允许的误差范围内基本一致。     

河鳗中恶喹酸残留量测定方法的改进

样品用二氯甲烷提取,除去溶剂后,残渣用稀盐酸溶液和正己烷处理以除去脂肪,然后用二氯甲烷萃取,挥干,残留物溶于甲醇水溶液中,用高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定.该方法的测定低限为0.005mg/kg,方法的回收率范围为82.7%-89.4%.     

Directional perception of distributed sound sources

The perception of spatially distributed sound sources was investigated by conducting two listening experiments in anechoic conditions with 13 loudspeakers evenly distributed in the frontal horizontal plane emitting incoherent noise signals. In the first experiment, widely distributed sound sources with gaps in their distribution emitted pink noise. The results indicated that the exact loudspeaker distribution could not be perceived accurately and that the width of the distribution was perceived to be narrower than it was in reality. Up to three spatially distributed loudspeakers that were simultaneously emitting sound could be individually perceived. In addition, the number of loudspeakers that were indicated as emitting sound was smaller than the actual number. In the second experiment, a reference with 13 loudspeakers and test cases with fewer loudspeakers were presented and their perceived spatial difference was rated. The effect of the noise bandwidth was of particular interest. Noise with different bandwidths centered around 500 and 4000 Hz was used. The results indicated that when the number of loudspeakers was increased from four to seven, the perceived auditory event was very similar to that perceived with 13 loudspeakers at all bandwidths. The perceived differences were larger in wideband noise than in narrow-band noise.     

真实场景的三维视频采集及显示

提出了一种真实场景三维视频采集及彩色显示的方法.设计了一种采用条纹投影的实时三维成像系统及采用液晶空间光调制器的实时全息彩色三维显示系统.在三维成像系统中采用π相移正弦条纹与编码图案结合实现绝对相位测量,从而可以测量孤立物体.同时对采用数字微镜的投影仪进行改造,实现高速投影,并与高速摄像机配合实现三维视频采集.首先利用实时三维成像系统同时获取三维场景的彩色强度像和距离像;然后根据这些三维成像数据, 设计和制作计算菲涅耳全息图;最后在实时全息彩色三维显示系统中再现.三维信息的采集和显示速度达到了60帧每秒.     

On the growth of masking asymmetry with stimulus intensity

Masking asymmetry was investigated over a wide range of stimulus intensities for two signal frequencies, fo = 1.0 and 4.0 kHz, using both fixed-masker and fixed-signal paradigms. The masker was a notched noise with the upper and lower edges of the notch, fu and fl, respectively, placed asymmetrically about fo. For various notch widths, the asymmetry of masking was measured as the difference between the masked threshold obtained when fl was nearer fo and that obtained when fu was nearer fo. For maskers with wide notches, (fu - fl)/fo greater than 0.15, masking asymmetry changed with stimulus level; at the highest level, masked threshold was greatest when fl was nearer fo, and, at the lowest level the asymmetry reversed slightly for fo = 1.0 kHz so that masked threshold was actually greater when fu was nearer fo. Nonparallel growth of masking functions reveal changes in masking asymmetry with signal level as well as with masker level. It is concluded that the nonlinear growth of masking with level is due primarily to changes in the auditory filter, rather than changes in the detector following the filter.     

反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定血浆中的溴新斯的明

建立了血浆中溴新斯的明的反相离子对高效液相色谱测定方法。血浆样品加沉淀剂苦味酸氢氧化钠溶液,旋涡离心,经四丁基氯化铵萃取后取上清液进样测定。色谱柱为lichrospher C18（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）;流动相为庚烷磺酸钠溶液（0.01mol/L,磷酸二氢钠0.013mol/L,用磷酸调节pH 3.0）∶乙腈=77∶23,V/V;紫外检测波长260nm;流速1.0mL/min;柱温为30℃。血浆中溴新斯的明的检出限为0.005mg/L,定量下限为0.01mg/L。血浆中溴新斯的明的线性范围为0.05—10.0mg/L,r=0.9991。本方法准确、专属性强,适用于血浆中溴新斯的明的浓度测定。     

倒置器件结构及局域等离子体效应对CdSe量子点LED发光性能的改进

研究了倒置器件结构以及CdSe量子点发光材料与金属纳米粒子之间的相互作用对量子点的电致发光性能的影响。利用TiO₂作为电子传输/注入层,成功地制备了倒置结构的量子点电致发光器件。通过对单载流子器件电压-电流特性的分析,证明了ITO作为阴极到TiO₂的电子注入特性与Al作为阴极时的效果几乎相同。观察到金属纳米粒子产生的局域等离子体效应提高了器件的效率,使得效率随电流增大而降低的速度明显减小。在电流密度为200 mA/cm²时,电致发光器件的效率大约提高了42%。     

核酸和组蛋白的高分辨核磁共振研究

本文报道了不同来源的4种DNA和11种组蛋白的核磁共振研究新结果。发现真核生物DNA的核磁共振波谱明显不同;而真核生物组蛋白的波谱却相似。并讨论了放线菌素D与DNA,以及E.B(Ethidiumbromide)与DNA相互作用时质子峰变弱,和化学位移发生变化问题。     

1-二茂铁乙基膦酸的合成与表征

以1-二茂铁乙醇为原料,与三氯化磷反应后加入乙醇酯化,经Michaelis-Arbuzov重排合成1-二茂铁乙基膦酸二乙酯,再通过Me3SiBr-Et3N体系水解制得1-二茂铁乙基膦酸。利用IR、NMR、MS等实验手段对目标产物进行了表征,结果表明与预期结构相符。以1-二茂铁乙醇计算,总收率为35%。     

Hydrolysis of Microcrystalline Cellulose to Produce Fermentable Monosaccharides by Plasma Acid

Plasma acid was obtained by treating distilled water with a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure. The tentative relationship between discharge conditions and pH value of the plasma acid was investigated. In order to optimize the hydrolysis conditions of microcrystalline cellulose with the plasma acid, an orthogonal experiment was carried out and the colorimetric determination of 3,5-dinitro-salicylic acid was applied to measure the concentration of total reduced sugar (TRS). The results showed that the pH value of the plasma acid was related to the discharge time. The acidity of the plasma acid was maintained for several hours and then faded gradually. The microcrystalline cellulose was hydrolyzed effectively by the plasma acid and the optimal hydrolysis conditions were as follows: pH 1.42 of the plasma acid, hydrolysis temperature of 80°C and hydrolysis time of 60 min. Under these conditions, the microcrystalline cellulose with polymerization degree of 200–300 was hydrolyzed completely to produce monosaccharides, including xylose and glucose with the mole ratio of 1:35, as shown by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Moreover, the hydrolysis of luffa cellulose with polymerization degree of 500–600 was also carried out. The luffa cellulose was hydrolyzed completely to produce monosaccharides including xylose, mannose and glucose with mole ratio of 6.7:1:218. Therefore, it could be concluded that the main hydrolysis product of both types of cellulose was glucose. The glucose yield of microcrystalline cellulose was 46%, whereas for luffa cellulose it was 41%. This method was an environmentally friendly and effective method to hydrolyze cellulose.     

Investigation on the properties of high reflective mirror prepared by ion-beam sputtering

The single-sided and dual-sided high reflective mirrors were deposited with ion-beam sputtering (IBS).When the incident light entered with 45°, the reflectance of p-polarized light at 1064 nm exceeded 99.5%.Spectrum was gained by spectrometer and weak absorption of coatings was measured by surface thermal lensing (STL) technique. Laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) was determined and the damage morphology was observed with Lecia-DMRXE microscope simultaneously. The profile of coatings was measured with Mark Ⅲ-GPI digital interferometer. It was found that the reflectivity of mirror exceeded 99.9% and its absorption was as low as 14 ppm. The reflective bandwidth of the dual-sided sample was about 43 nm wider than that of single-sided sample, and its LIDT was as high as 28 J/cm2, which was 5 J/cm2 higher than that of single-sided sample. Moreover, the profile of dual-sided sample was better than that of substrate without coatings.     

铁蛋白脱铁机制的建立及脱铁前后光谱变化的研究

建立了一套可以实现铁蛋白脱铁的机制并对脱铁前后铁蛋白的光谱进行了分析。应用连二亚硫酸钠(Sodium Hyposulfite)为还原剂与铁蛋白发生还原反应,促使铁蛋白矿化铁的还原释放,此过程中使用2,2-联吡啶(2,2-Dipyridyl)实时监测脱铁状况。通过ICP-MS检测显示,脱铁铁蛋白制备成功。紫外分析结果表明铁蛋白在脱铁之前没有吸收峰,而在脱铁后在280 nm处具有明显的吸收峰。荧光分析结果表明,铁蛋白脱铁前没有荧光发射光谱,而在脱铁后则具有荧光发射光谱。     

激光诱导击穿光谱结合标准加入法定量分析未知样品中铅含量

利用激光诱导击穿光谱结合标准加入法定量分析了铅蓄电池厂含铅污泥中重金属铅元素含量,标准加入法有效避免了外标法与内标法制作标准曲线时基质不同对LIBS检测结果的影响,且样品处理过程简单。实验采用中心波长为1 064 nm的Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器作为激发光源,以高分辨率、宽光谱段的中阶梯光栅光谱仪和增强型电荷耦合器件为谱线分离与探测器件,选取铅的PbⅠ：405.78 nm特征谱线作为分析线,以FeⅠ：404.58 nm特征谱线作为内标线进行结果计算。预实验确定较佳的实验条件后(激光脉冲能量：128.5 mJ,延时：2.5 μs,门宽：3 μs),对铅蓄电池厂的未知铅泥样品中铅元素进行定量分析,结果表明加入铅在0~25 000 mg·kg-1范围内谱线不会产生自吸收,PbⅠ：405.78 nm信号强度与铅加入量呈很好的线性关系,由此确定合适的铅加入量为0~25 000 mg·kg-1。在此基础上配制四个样品,基质均为铅蓄电池厂含铅污泥,加入铅浓度分别为5 000,10 000,15 000,20 000 mg·kg-1,每个样品设置三个平行样,验证实验重复性及可靠性,并与ICP-MS检测结果对比,结果直线外推误差为-14.8%。12个样品单次计算结果误差介于为-24.6%~17.6%之间,含铅量平均值为43 069 mg·kg-1,相对误差为-2.44%。