奇对称型相位板波前编码成像系统的点列图分析

基于几何光学理论利用光线追迹方法得到了适用于任意面型相位板的大视场平行光入射情况下的光线像差近似表达式,并在此基础之上分析了奇对称型相位板波前编码系统的点列图的大小、边界以及光线结构等特性,研究了大视场角平行光入射下的光线像差增强及点列图形变等现象,并且给出了相应的近似数学解析式来描述这些特性。通过对奇对称型相位板波前编码成像系统的点列图特性分析,有助于进一步的理解波前编码技术并且指导实际系统的设计。     

波前编码成像系统景深延拓扩展率的研究

研究三次相位板的波前编码光学系统,发现在一定的条件下系统调制传递函数(MTF)对波前编码系统的离焦不敏感,才能得到波前编码系统的景深.对比传统光学系统的景深,得到波前编码系统的景深延拓扩展率的表达式.分析空间频率取值范围和三次相位板系数α,发现当a=20π时,波前编码系统可以将传统光学系统的景深扩大60倍以上.     

应用场光线传递方程计算鱼眼镜头像场像差

应用场光线传递方程,从鱼眼镜头的孔径光阑处,逆向追迹场光线传递方程,确定任意视场角场光线的初始位置,即光阑球差.正向追迹场光线计算鱼眼镜头系统物、像空间视场角之间的关系曲线;用多项式拟合求出关系曲线的解析表达式.通过反演运算,根据畸变图像复原物的图像分布,达到消除鱼眼镜头成像系统畸变的目的.最后,计算了一个160°鱼眼镜头光学系统的光阑球差和图像的畸变,并应用本文方法复原物的图像分布.计算结果表明:光阑球差的计算结果与真值的相对误差小于1%;复原的物方图像径向高度相对误差小于0.25%,说明本文计算鱼眼镜头像场像差的方法是可行的.     

用位相板实现景深延拓的原理与模拟实验研究

对波前编码技术实现景深延拓的原理进行了研究,分析了波前编码系统成像对离焦不敏感的原因,得到了波前编码光学系统景深延拓扩展率公式,发现了景深延拓扩展率与位相板参量的关系.利用Zemax设计了波前编码光学系统,用Matlab进行了成像模拟实验,实验结果表明,波前编码系统能提高传统光学系统的景深,提高的倍数由三次相位板的相位常量决定.     

一种优化波前编码系统相位板参数的新方法

根据波前编码系统的设计理论,在兼顾图像恢复能力的基础上,提出利用不同离焦距离的点扩散函数与焦面处的点扩散函数之间的希尔伯特空间角作为成像特性一致性的评价函数,结合遗传算法,对扩大景深的波前编码成像系统的相位板参数进行优化。分别在空间域和频率域上分析应用波前编码技术前后光学系统的成像特性,并利用最小二乘数字滤波器对中间模糊图像进行复原。仿真实验结果表明:在三次相位板上应用此方法获得的最佳相位板参数使波前编码系统焦深扩展了10倍。     

一种带有无光焦度校正板的牛顿光学系统的设计

无光焦度校正板自身无色差和像面弯曲,并具有弯曲PW和光焦度φ₁₁及φ₁₂等变数,为光学系统的像差校正提供了很大的方便。以系统通光孔径Φ=300mm,相对孔径A＝1/2,光阑位置l_p2/f=-0.75,主镜为球面反射镜为例,设计了一种带有无光焦度校正板且光阑在主反射镜前的牛顿光学系统。通过对光学系统进行光线计算、像差分析和优化,得到校正板透镜最佳光焦度φ₁₁＝5,优化后的轴上点波前像差W＝0.0001λ。     

带有波前编码板的虹膜采集光学系统的设计

设计了一款采用波前编码技术的虹膜采集光学系统,以实现大景深、自然非约束状态下的成像.以传统的光学系统评价指标斯特利尔比和能量集中度作为波前编码系统的成像特征,利用ZEMAX软件对波前编码系统进行设计,权衡了离焦不敏感性和图像可恢复性.比较了带有立方相位编码板和带有修正项的立方相位编码板的虹膜采集系统以及传统系统的焦深延拓效果.发现采用立方相位编码板的虹膜采集光学系统的焦深延拓效果最佳,其焦深是传统系统的8倍.该系统增大了虹膜采集的距离,对于自然状态虹膜成像系统设计有一定的参考价值.     

可调谐相位板空域频域联合分析

波前编码系统采用在传统光学系统中加入相位板来扩大光学系统的景深而避免传统景深延拓技术的不利影响. 由于相位板的参数不可调, 整个系统的景深延拓扩展率也不能动态可调. 采用两相位板组合的方法可以有效克服这一点. 本文首先从光线差的角度提出了两三次相位板组合下的光线像差分布以及点扩散函数尺寸的具体关系表达式, 直观体现了系统的光线结构, 指出了光线结构和点扩散函数尺寸受两三次相位板的面型和相对位移量的影响. 其次采用稳相法从空间域给出了系统点扩散函数表达式, 依据点扩散函数的振荡性质给出了有效带宽表达式, 提出了点扩散函数在像面的位置会随两相位板面型参数以及相对于光瞳中心的位移量而发生平移. 最后利用菲涅耳积分给出两三次相位板任意面型参数和相对位移组合下的准确光学传递函数. 在得到的调制传递函数中直观体现出了面型参数和相对位移量对调制传递函数和相位传递函数以及有效带宽的影响, 并说明了此系统相位传递函数的非线性性质. 通过空间域与频率域相结合的方法分析验证了传统的两三次相位板组合具有景深可调和带宽可调的性质, 为设计可调谐波前编码系统提供了理论依据.     

离轴全反射施密特系统设计EI北大核心CSCD

为满足紫外宽光谱大视场焦平面光学成像系统的设计要求,研究了全反射施密特光学系统.分析了球面反射镜曲率中心波前,推导了透射及反射施密特校正板方程.为避免光线被遮挡,设计了离轴全反射施密特光学系统.在宽光谱（240～950nm）大视场（±5°）离轴全反射施密特系统中,当λ=0.24μm,u′m=5°时,Δf≤0.031 5mm,探测器控制在焦深范围内,光学系统成像质量达到了衍射极限.该施密特光学系统设计方法适用于宽波段高分辨率紫外成像系统.     

离轴全反射施密特系统设计

为满足紫外宽光谱大视场焦平面光学成像系统的设计要求,研究了全反射施密特光学系统.分析了球面反射镜曲率中心波前,推导了透射及反射施密特校正板方程.为避免光线被遮挡,设计了离轴全反射施密特光学系统.在宽光谱(240~950nm)大视场(±5°)离轴全反射施密特系统中,当λ=0.24μm,u′m=5°时,Δf≤0.031 5mm,探测器控制在焦深范围内,光学系统成像质量达到了衍射极限.该施密特光学系统设计方法适用于宽波段高分辨率紫外成像系统.     

相位板装配倾斜对波前编码系统点扩散函数的影响

分析了装配误差引起的相位板倾斜对波前编码系统的影响,通过坐标变换推导了相应条件下的广义光瞳函数。结果表明：倾斜因子对系统的相位板系数具有放大效果,其随倾斜角绝对值的增大而增大,而与倾斜角的正负无关。相位板倾斜会放大系统点扩散函数包络面的两条直角边,相应地降低其光学传递函数值。在子午倾斜的条件下,子午方向的相位板系数放大效果大于弧矢方向,从而导致点扩散函数包络面在子午方向的放大效果大于弧矢方向,子午方向光学传递函数值的降低效果大于弧矢方向。采用MATLAB以及商用光学软件进行仿真实验,验证了上述结论。     

Optical transfer function analysis of circular-pupil wavefront coding systems with separable phase masks

This paper proposes a simple method to achieve the optical transfer function of a circular pupil wavefront coding system with a separable phase mask in Cartesian coordinates.Based on the stationary phase method,the optical transfer function of the circular pupil system can be easily obtained from the optical transfer function of the rectangular pupil system by modifying the cut-off frequency and the on-axial modulation transfer function.Finally,a system with a cubic phase mask is used as an example to illustrate the way to achieve the optical transfer function of the circular pupil system from the rectangular pupil system.     

Analysis of aberrations of an image formed by a system of noncentered optical surfaces

In the general case of an arbitrary arrangement of optical surfaces in space, it is proposed to take a straight line passing through the center of the entrance pupil perpendicularly to its plane as an assembly base. The coordinates of a point in the object plane and in the entrance pupil plane uniquely determine the position of the incident ray in the space. The wave aberration in the image of a point is represented by a power series of the general form as a function of these coordinates with terms of up to the fourth order. Aberrational analysis of individual components of this series is carried out. A particular case of decentering of an individual component in an axially symmetric optical system is considered. A new kind of aberration is shown to appear in this case.     

Transverse superresolution and focal shift with rotational tunable phase mask

This paper reports the imaging characteristics of an optical system can be modified by our designed polarization pupil mask. The novel rotational symmetric polarization pupil mask design based on combination of half-wave and quarter-wave plates is introduced for realizing the focal shift and extending focal depth of an optical system and the procedure for designing is presented. Numerical results show when an appropriate rotational symmetric polarization pupil mask is used as an apodizer in the optical imaging system, it not only can effectively achieve the continuously focal shift in a small range and extend focal depth of the optimized system, but also can evidently increase the transverse resolution of the optimized system at the genuine focal plane.     

倾斜入射的波前编码系统的点扩散函数扩大效应分析

通过对坐标系统进行旋转,计算得到了三次型波前编码系统的倾斜入射的光瞳函数,并给出了近似表达式. 分析表明倾斜入射会产生三次相位扩大效应和离焦扩大效应,它们和入射角的正负无关,且随着入射角绝对值的增大而增大. 这表现在点扩散函数(point spread function, PSF)上会扩展PSF包络的两条直角边,表现在调制传递函数(modulation transfer function, MTF)上会降低MTF值. 子午面倾斜入射时,子午方向的三次相位扩大效应和离焦放大效应大于弧矢方向,从而导致子午方向 关键词： 倾斜入射 波前编码 三次相位扩大效应 离焦扩大效应     

倾斜入射的波前编码系统的点扩散函数扩大效应分析

通过对坐标系统进行旋转，计算得到了三次型波前编码系统的倾斜入射的光瞳函数，并给出了近似表达式. 分析表明倾斜入射会产生三次相位扩大效应和离焦扩大效应，它们和入射角的正负无关，且随着入射角绝对值的增大而增大. 这表现在点扩散函数(point spread function, PSF)上会扩展PSF包络的两条直角边，表现在调制传递函数(modulation transfer function, MTF)上会降低MTF值. 子午面倾斜入射时，子午方向的三次相位扩大效应和离焦放大效应大于弧矢方向，从而导致子午方向     

Multiple image encryption using an aperture-modulated optical system

A multiple image cryptosystem based on different apertures in an optical set-up under a holographic arrangement is proposed. The system is a security architecture that uses different pupil aperture mask in the encoding lens to encrypt different images. Based on this approach multiple encryption is achieved by changing the pupil aperture arrangement of the optical system among exposures. In addition to the classical speckle phase mask, the geometrical parameters characterizing the apertures are introduced to increase the system security. Even when an illegal user steals the speckle phase mask, the system cannot be broken into without the correct pupil geometrical parameters. The experimental set-up is based on a volume photorefractive BSO crystal as storing device. Information retrieval is done via a phase conjugation operation. We also have to stress that the multiple storage under this scheme, is only possible with the help of the aperture mask. Simulation and experimental results are further introduced to verify the proposed method.     

Zernike-basis expansion of the fractional and radial Hilbert phase masks

The linear Hilbert phase mask or transform has found applications in image processing and spectroscopy. An optical version of the fractional Hilbert mask is considered here, comprising an imaging system with a circular, unobscured pupil in which a variable phase delay is introduced into one half of the pupil, split bilaterally.The radial Hilbert phase mask is also used in image processing and to produce optical vortices which have applications in optical tweezers and the detection of exoplanets.We subjected the fractional and radial Hilbert phase masks to Zernike function expansion in order to compute the image plane electromagnetic field distribution using Nijboer-Zernike theory. The Zernike functions form an orthogonal basis on the unit circle. The complex-valued Zernike expansion coefficients for these two phase masks were derived for use in the context of the Extended Nijboer-Zernike (ENZ) theory of image formation. The ENZ approach is of interest in that it allows a greater range of defocus to be dealt with, provides a simple means of taking a finite source size into account and has been adapted to high Numerical Aperture (NA) imaging applications.Our image plane results for the fractional Hilbert mask were verified against a numerical model implemented in the commercial optical design and analysis code, Zemax^®. It was found that the Nijboer-Zernike result converged to the Zemax^® result from below as the number of Zernike terms in the expansion was increased.     

KBA型X射线显微系统

KBA型X射线显微镜的物与像不在同一水平面上,采用双对准方式解决了在靶室安装这套仪器的困难。与通常的光学系统不同,KBA显微镜的伪光轴与实轴夹角8.748 6,设计了观察系统,保证了掠入射角的要求。KBA显微镜的物方孔径角很小,用可见光装调焦深很大,无法满足要求,因此设计了辅助光学成像系统,满足了焦深为5 mm的要求。