南瓜与人体健康

南瓜是葫芦科南瓜属的一年生蔓性草本植物,它营养成分全面而独特。阐述了南瓜的营养成分及其对人体健康所起的作用。     

南瓜黄色素阻断亚硝胺合成与抑菌活性研究

在模拟人体胃液条件(pH=3.0,温度37℃)下,研究了南瓜黄色素阻断亚硝胺合成和清除亚硝酸盐的能力,并与常用抗氧化剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)进行了比较。同时采用滤纸片法测定了南瓜黄色素的抑菌活性。结果表明,南瓜黄色素具有较强的阻断亚硝胺合成和清除亚硝酸盐能力,其对亚硝胺合成的阻断率最大可达93.58%,对NaNO_2清除率为71.56%,但其阻断亚硝胺合成能力和清除亚硝酸盐能力明显弱于常用抗氧化剂BHT。同时,实验表明,南瓜黄色素具有较强抑菌活性,其对供试菌种的抑制能力大小顺序为:大肠杆菌金黄色葡萄球菌枯草芽孢杆菌。     

微波助提南瓜黄色素最佳提取条件的研究

利用微波助提法对南瓜黄色素最佳提取工艺条件进行初步研究.在单因素试验的基础上.以95%的乙醇为提取剂,设定提取固液比、微波功率、微波时间为影响因素,将南瓜黄色素溶液的吸光值作为指标进行正交试验.试验结果表明最佳提取条件:微波功率为640 W,微波时间为3min,提取固液比为1∶60.与传统水浴提取法相比,南瓜提取时间由45min减少到3 min,提取率从3.50%增加到4.09%.     

微量元素与南瓜

南瓜是各年龄段人们的益友!生津解暑，它不如西瓜，更不如哈密瓜甘脆香甜，但它更是中老人的益友。 南瓜含有丰富的内蕴，虽与其它瓜果有所不及，但它含有铁、锌、铜、锰、钴、铬、硒、钼等人体必需微量元素和宏量元素镁，同时还含有有益的微量元素锗等，确实是有利于中老年延人健体强身、益寿延年的食品。     

初中化学中爆炸实验的趣味化设计

运用可爱的南瓜对初中化学的面粉爆炸实验进行设计, 不但现象明显, 更富有趣味, 而且还可以让学生对化学爆炸和物理爆炸有对比认识。     

中国南瓜曲叶病毒:一个双生病毒新种

本文报道了中国南瓜曲叶病毒(SqLCV-C)外壳蛋白(CP)基因PCR、克隆和序列分析,在分子水平上证实中国南瓜曲叶病毒与美国南瓜曲叶病毒(SqLCV-E)不同,是一种新的粉虱传播的双生病毒,并与印度木薯花叶病毒(ICMV)有较近的亲缘关系。     

南瓜是富含人体必需微量和宏量元素的食疗佳品

南瓜含有铬、镁、有机锗等人体必需微量和宏量元素，还含有β—胡萝卜素，具有保护心血管系统、降血压、降血脂、降血糖、预防癌症等作用，是值得推荐的食疗佳品。     

南瓜尼与金属离子的配合作用研究进展

概述了新一代大环主体化合物南瓜尼与金属离子的识别及配合作用的研究进展,包括其超分子配合物的合成方法,晶体结构,键合的热力学性质及其应用前景.     

两种Taqman探针的制备及荧光检测性能比较

采用固相合成法,分别合成FAM/TAMRA和FAM/BHQ2双荧光标记的Taqman探针,得到的粗产物分别采用乙醇沉淀法、离子对反相色谱法、凝胶过滤柱脱盐法纯化.采用实时荧光PCR法,分别从感染的南瓜果实中检测到黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(CGMMV),扩增曲线表明采用该实验条件制备的探针检测性能良好.在相同荧光PCR反应体系...     

高效液相色谱法测定南瓜粉中的4-氨基丁酸

 采用强阳离子交换柱分离 ,pH梯度洗脱 ,邻苯二甲醛 (OPA)柱后衍生 ,荧光λex=338nm ,λem=42 5nm检测的高效液相色谱法测定了南瓜粉中的 4 氨基丁酸 (GABA)。若以GABA的峰高Y(μV)对进样质量X(μg)进行线性回归 ,则线性方程为Y =45 6 6X +1396 ,r =0 9998;GABA的平均回收率 (n =3)为 99%。方法稳定、快速、灵敏、准确。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。